PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Lechner

Publications and source records attributed to H Lechner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hemorheologic treatment of cerebral reversible ischemic episodes with pentoxifylline--a prospective study.

One hundred patients (49 males, 51 females) with reversible neurologic deficit due to cerebral ischemia of vascular origin in the carotid artery territory were recruited for a long-term observation to follow up recurrence of ischemic events. Fifty-eight patients (mean age sixty-four years) were treated daily with 1200 mg oral pentoxifylline in addition to basic therapy (antihypertensives, antidiabetic drugs, etc), and 42 matching patients (mean age sixty-two years) of a control group had no pentoxifylline or other hemorheologic medication. The mean observation period was fifty-six months (range thirty-six to sixty). On admission patients presented with increased platelet aggregation and/or impaired red cell filterability and with enhanced red cell aggregation. Five patients in the pentoxifylline group (8.6%) and 16 control patients (38%) suffered a relapse of an ischemic episode. These data support previous reports of a beneficial effect of pentoxifylline in the prevention of cerebral ischemic events.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Criteria for an increased specificity of MRI interpretation in elderly subjects with suspected multiple sclerosis.

We reviewed the MRIs of 49 asymptomatic volunteers (age range, 31 to 77 years) and of 50 MS patients (age range, 14 to 63) for areas of increased signal (AIS) and features discriminating MS lesions from lesions seen with normal aging. We obtained optimal specificity of MRI interpretation (100%) if we required at least two of the following three AIS features--size greater than or equal to 6 mm, abutting ventricular bodies, infratentorial location--for a positive MRI diagnosis of MS. Applying these criteria to the MRIs of elderly patients with suspected MS should significantly improve specificity (p less than 0.001) over current quantitative criteria (at least three AIS greater than or equal to 3 mm) without significantly decreasing sensitivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Herpes encephalitis in infancy].

Since antiviral chemotherapy is available herpes encephalitis has become of great importance among viral affections of the central nervous system. Five young infants are presented with special problems of this disease and its diagnostic possibilities especially serological and imaging methods (CT scan, nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, ultrasonography of the brain) as well as electroencephalography. Clinical symptoms are very important since all those methods are not sufficient for early diagnosis and prompt onset of antiviral chemotherapy. Herpes encephalitis should be considered after apparent febrile seizures with focal symptoms as well as increasing disturbance of consciousness as manifestation of acute encephalopathy.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

[Rolandic spikes as an electroencephalography manifestation of oligodendroglioma].

A 10 5/12 year old boy was presented with seizures of uncertain origin on to the psychosomatic ward of our University Children's Hospital. The question and problem was the distinction of psychogenic versus epileptogenic origin (repeatedly performed EEG's had shown normal findings, the seizures did not response to anticonvulsive therapy). The exploration of a psychodynamic causes of the presenting problem was excluded by family therapeutic and psychoanalytical case history and psychodynamic interview. The first pathological finding was seen with registration of a long term EEG with typical findings of temporal central spikes and waves as seen in the benign rolandic-epilepsia. The following diagnostic considerations were discussed and differentiated. a) benign rolandi epilepsia b) malign rolandi epilepsia c) psychomotoric seizures d) rolandic spikes as symptomatic finding of a brain tumor. The definite diagnosis was finally confirmed by a cerebral computer-tomography which showed a large expensive process in the interferior right regio temporalis, which was identified histologically after operation as a oligodendrogliom grad-I. The tumor was removed successfully as a whole without any neurological defects.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Hemorheologic parameters in correlation to extracranial carotid artery disease in patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders.

In order to determine possible correlations to the extent of extracranial carotid artery disease (ECAD), the hemorheologic parameters (hematocrit, fibrinogen, whole blood and plasma viscosity, induced platelet aggregation) of 120 patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders (CVD) were studied and their carotid arteries were investigated by means of Duplex scanning. Plasma viscosity was only significantly elevated in CVD patients with severe ECAD (stenosis greater than 80% lumen reduction and/or occlusion) in comparison to CVD patients with normal to minimally diseased carotids and 67 normal controls. These results suggest that high plasma viscosity is an indicator for the existence of severe ECAD in CVD patients during the acute stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Present state of hemorheology.

Hemorheological disturbances are present in more than 50% of cerebrovascular disease (CVD). An inverse relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and viscosity has been established. There also exists an interaction of vessel wall changes, whole blood viscosity, and plasma fibrinogen. The acute ischemic episode is associated with hyperaggregability of the blood platelets, increased blood viscosity, hyperaggregability of the red cells and an increase in plasma fibrinogen. Hemorheological changes to a certain extend may occur not only in CVD but also in senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) and certain cases of Parkinson's disease. This fact allows to differentiate between idiopathic parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease with high hemodynamic risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[EEG changes in cerebrovascular ischemia as affected by cardiac arrhythmias].

124 patients with cerebrovascular ischemic disease were studied, 67 of them with irreversible neurological deficits, and the EEG-findings of patients with (50) or without cardiac arrhythmia (74) were compared. Moreover, the EEG-diagnoses of these patients were compared with 40 controls without cerebrovascular ischemic disease. Patients with irreversible neurological deficit had significantly more often cardiac dysrhythmia (51%) than patients with reversible neurological symptoms (28%). In patients with reversible neurological symptoms and in the control group no difference between patients with or without disturbance of the heart rhythm could be found. But in patients with irreversible neurological deficit in presence of cardiac dysrhythmia significantly more pathological EEG-findings could be found with significantly more pronounced EEG changes especially in presence of atrial fibrillation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[EEG studies in bruxism with headache patients].

EEG-investigations before and after long-term-treatment with occlusal-splints were carried out in 36 bruxism patients suffering from unilateral headache. The results of the latter group were compared to those of 41 patients with classical migraine and to those of a healthy control-group. 20 (56%) of our patients showed pathological EEG-pattern in which focal abnormalities (39%) were dominating. After a long-term-treatment, mentioned before, there was a significant decrease of pathological EEG-pattern combined with a distinct improvement of all clinical symptoms. In patients with classical migraine a higher number of pathological EEG-recordings were seen during attack as well as during interval. Comparing the EEG-findings of bruxism after treatment to those of the healthy controls, no significant differences were found anymore.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[EEG changes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type].

Character and extent of changes in EEG in 45 patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) were reported and the EEG-findings of patients with moderate (18) or severe (27) dementia were compared. The EEG-findings in these patients were compared with a group of 82 patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID). The EEG showed pathological results in 37 patients with predominating general changes (59%). In patients with severe dementia significantly more pathological results especially a significantly slower basic rhythm could be found. The degree of the cerebral atrophy verified by CT did not correspond with character and extent of the changes in EEG. The comparison between patients with SDAT and 82 patients with MID, revealed a significantly more frequent occurrence of unilateral slowing of the basic rhythm but a less frequent occurrence of focal changes. However, there was no significant difference in the number of normal and pathological EEG. The comparison between patients with SDAT and patients with MID without neurological deficit failed to show a significant difference in the number of normal and pathological EEG as well. It could be shown that in patients with severe dementia the EEG revealed significantly more pathological results as well as a significantly slower basic rhythm. However, the EEG could not differentiate between SDAT and MID.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Parkinsonism with a high vascular risk--Lechner-Ott syndrome].

A syndrome described as Parkinsonism with high hemodynamic risk was represented. The clinical symptomatology was characterized by late onset, high incidence of diabetes mellitus, increased blood viscosity, enhanced platelet aggregation spontaneously as well as induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The EEG shows reduction of alpha frequency and appearance of slow waves in the theta range located in the temporal region. A reduced in cerebral blood flow and a poor respond to L-Dopa treatment was observed. Focal changes was demonstrable in Computertomography and magnetic resonance imaging as well.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1986

Computer evaluation of sleep.

Night sleep registrations were carried out using a portable 4-channel tape recorder (Medilog 4-24 recorder). The evaluation of the sleep stages was done by a computer analysis. One channel was used for EMG, 1 for EOG and 2 channels for EEG. For the analysis of the particular sleep stages the criteria of the Florida modification of the classification of Dement and Kleitman were applied. The computer analysis was based on the estimation of the power spectrum of the 2 EEG channels and the number of REM in the EOG. Automatic artifact detections were fit into the computer program and the individual differences of the EEG of the sleep recordings were taken into consideration.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

Sleep-inducing effect of L-tryptophane.

Night sleep recordings were performed in 10 patients with sleep disturbance in falling asleep as well as in maintaining sleep using a mobile 4-channel EEG registration system. Three consecutive nights, which were spent under different conditions, were evaluated automatically. The first night without treatment was used as a baseline night to objectify the disturbed sleep, the second night was measured following an infusion of a physiological saline solution and prior to the third recording 5 g l-tryptophane were applied to the patients. Besides a significant decrease of delayed latency times until the appearance of the light sleep stages, an influence was seen on the quantitative sleep parameters such as sleep period time and total sleep time. In parallel, an improvement of the subjective feeling measured by a self-rating scale resulted after l-tryptophane. On the other hand, no definite influence on the other sleep parameters such as an increase of slow wave sleep was observed, so that the use of this treatment might be recommended in disturbances in falling asleep particularly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sleep alterations in ischemic stroke.

In 19 patients with cerebral infarctions in the middle cerebral artery territory, investigations of sleep using a mobile EEG recording system were performed. Sleep was found to be markedly altered compared to a normal group. Although an increase of time in bed and sleep period time was observed, total sleep time did not rise in a parallel manner, so that a distinct reduction of the sleep efficiency index was found. This increase of quantitative parameters was particularly caused by a higher amount of NREM time, whereas REM sleep was found to be deeply suppressed. Regarding the different NREM sleep stages, stage 0 (time spent awake during the night) and stage 1 had increased, whereas stage 4 was reduced. Interhemispheric differences were noticed referring to the sleep period time, which was found to be increased particularly in right-sided infarctions (because of an increase of NREM time) and a reduction of REM sleep in lesions of the right hemisphere (worsening of the REM to NREM ratio). Slow-wave sleep (stage 4), on the contrary, was found to be decreased in infarctions of the left hemisphere. These results support the hypothesis of a REM-inducing and regulating function of the right hemisphere and will lead to a new understanding of sleep-controlling mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Distribution of muscle activity during sleep in bruxism.

10 outpatients with bruxism were investigated by polygraphic recordings during night sleep. Electromyogram, electrooculogram and electroencephalogram derivations were used to evaluate the activities of masseter muscle and the different stages of sleep. The results of the bruxist group were compared to those of an age-matched control group. The amount and the length of pressing and grinding jaw movements were correlated with the sleep period time as well as with the different sleep stages. In comparison to the control group, a significant difference of muscle activity longer than 5 s was found, but there was no difference regarding activities of 3-5 s duration. The highest level of activity was found in sleep stage two and during awakening times. No difference was seen with regard to percentages of the sleep stages.

Adult↗