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Biomedical subjects

H Lechner

Publications and source records attributed to H Lechner.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Distribution of muscle activity during sleep in bruxism.

10 outpatients with bruxism were investigated by polygraphic recordings during night sleep. Electromyogram, electrooculogram and electroencephalogram derivations were used to evaluate the activities of masseter muscle and the different stages of sleep. The results of the bruxist group were compared to those of an age-matched control group. The amount and the length of pressing and grinding jaw movements were correlated with the sleep period time as well as with the different sleep stages. In comparison to the control group, a significant difference of muscle activity longer than 5 s was found, but there was no difference regarding activities of 3-5 s duration. The highest level of activity was found in sleep stage two and during awakening times. No difference was seen with regard to percentages of the sleep stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mobile long-term EEG monitoring in generalized seizure disorders of different etiology.

Eighteen EEG long-term recordings were carried out in patients with generalized fits of different etiologies using a mobile 4-channel monitoring system in order to observe individual patterns of epileptic activity. In patients with idiopathic tonic-clonic seizures (A) no connection of frequency of spike-wave bursts with the sleep-wakefulness cycle was observed. In patients suffering from fits of organic nature (B) a peak of paroxysms was obtained in the hours before sleep onset, whereas in patients with absence seizures (C) a maximum was found in the morning hours after awakening. In patients with idiopathic fits (tonic-clonic and absence seizures) the minimum of bursts was observed in REM sleep, whereas stage 0 (tonic-clonic) and stage 1 (absence) were most prone to discharges. Patients with secondary generalized epilepsy had most spike-wave bursts in deep sleep. In the absence seizure group the transitional periods within the light non-REM-sleep stages were more susceptible to paroxysms than the retained stages. In patients with idiopathic grand mal seizures, the highest frequency of paroxysmal discharges was found during time spent awake in the night when retained over a longer period of time. The group including cases with attacks of organic nature did not show any preference to shifting times or preservation episodes of sleep stages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Nocturnal sleep studies of bruxism].

Polygraphic recordings during two nights sleep in 7 selected outpatients prior to and following treatment of bruxism were carried out using EMG-, EEG and EOG-recordings to evaluate the activities of the masseter muscle and the different sleep stages. The results thus obtained were compared to those of an age-matched control group. Following treatment with occlusal splints the recordings were repeated eleven weeks later. The length and the amount of grinding and pressing activities were correlated with the total night sleep as well as with the different sleep stages. The highest incidence of muscle activity was found in stage two and during awakening. Furthermore muscle activities were observed immediately before the beginning of REM-sleep and in particular during the change from REM- to NREM-sleep and in sleep stage one. After treatment with occlusal splints there was a decrease of total muscle activity, thus indicating efficiency of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[EEG in migraine].

The character and extent of EEG-changes in 40 patients with migraine accompagnée and 41 patients with classical migraine were studied and the EEG-diagnoses of both groups were compared. Moreover, the EEG-diagnoses in these patients were compared in relation to a control-group. The EEG showed pathological findings in 10 patients (83%) during the attacks and in 39 patients (57%) during the intervals with predominating focal changes (51%). Patients with migraine accompagnée had more frequently pathological findings (70%) as well as focal changes (60%) than patients with classical migraine (51% respectively 41%). The persistence of disturbances in patients with migraine accompagnée was longer than in patients with classical migraine. In comparison to the controls a significantly more frequent occurrence of pathological results was found in patients with migraine accompagnée and classical migraine during the attack as well as during the interval. The age of patients, duration of the migraine and frequency of attacks did not influence the extend of EEG changes. The EEG revealed in patients with migraine significantly more frequent functional disturbances than in controls, which were more pronounced in patients with migraine accompagnée and during the attacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Present status of hemorheology in neurology].

Abnormalities of hemorheologic parameters are of pathophysiological importance in cases with evidence of vessel wall lesions and can thus be detected already in asymptomatic controls. Close relationships have been established to the severity of vessel wall lesions, to cerebral blood flow and to the severity of clinical symptoms.

Cerebrovascular Circulation↗
PubMed1986

[The significance of arterial hypertonia and cerebral vessel wall changes within the scope of hemorheologic changes in ischemic insult].

The frequency of vascular risk factors and of hemorheologic alterations has been investigated in 163 patients with ischaemic cerebrovascular disease and was related to angiographical findings. Hemorheologic abnormalities were observed in 57% of the patients but lesions of the cerebral vessel walls displayed by angiography were present in 85%. The leading risk factor was hypertension which was diagnosed in 42% of the patients, however, their hemorheologic profile did not differ significantly from the normotensive stroke patients. Indeed, the frequency of hypertension was significantly higher in patients with severe vessel wall lesions. The important role of hemorheologic disturbances seems to be the deterioration of the hemodynamic situation provoked by vessel wall lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The course of hemorheologic parameters in acute cerebral ischemia].

In 74 patients with acute cerebral ischaemia determinations of hemorheologic parameters including hematocrit, red cell filtration, platelet aggregation, fibrinogen and blood viscosity were carried out and performed at first within three hours following the acute event and before treatment was started. Control measurements were performed 7, 14, 28 days and 6 months later. In the acute phase all parameters measured were significantly increased and in the following 6 months hematocrit and fibrinogen were responsible for the then still increased blood viscosity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

The myxomatous mitral valve. A risk factor for ischemic stroke in young patients?

3 out of 24 patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), mean age 25.7 +/- 3.1 displayed markedly thickened redundant and shaggy mitral leaflets in the two-dimensional echocardiogram. The anterior leaflet appeared in the parasternal long axis plane club-shaped in diastole. These three female patients had a history of ischemic stroke, which could be verified by CT-scanning. Suggestion is made that MVP and thickening of the valve is correlated with a higher risk for cerebral infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Does acute endoscopic evacuation improve the outcome of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage?

A new endoscopic technique is presented, which allows burr hole evacuation of intracerebral hematomas under video control. Clot removal is achieved using a suction-irrigation system built in the 6-mm-diameter endoscope; in addition, an ultrasonic morcellement device has been developed for transendoscopic application. Small bleeding vessels in the hematoma cavity can be coagulated using a 1.5 mm Neodym YAG Laser microprobe introduced through the endoscope under visual control. A randomized prospective study has been started to raise again the question of indications for the surgical treatment of intracerebral hemorrhages, comparing medical treatment with the new surgical technique.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Evidence of enhanced platelet aggregation and platelet sensitivity in migraine patients.

In fourteen untreated migraine patients with a mean age of 40 years platelet sensitivity to 5HT, EN and ADP was investigated during the prodromal phase (three patients), 12-48 h after headache (three patients) and during the headache-free period (eight patients). Platelet sensitivity was tested using an optical density method and was calculated by the percentage of disaggregation (%DA) occurring 3 min after the peak aggregation. Platelet release reaction was assessed using beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) as an indicator. Platelet sensitivity to low concentrations of 5HT, EN and ADP (0.3 X 10(-9) M/ml) was most marked during the headache and prodromal phases. The least platelet sensitivity in migraineurs was detected during the headache-free interval, but was still higher than in the control group. beta-TG levels were increased during the headache phase indicating platelet release reaction. A general hyperaggregability of platelets in migraineurs has been demonstrated and in addition a varying sensibility of platelets to low concentrations of 5HT, EN and ADP has been established.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1984

[Plasmapheresis in multiple sclerosis].

8 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis were treated with plasmapheresis. Other methods of management such as cortisone or azathioprine therapy were discontinued one month before plasmapheresis. The patients were investigated before, and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd day after plasmapheresis using the Kurtzke Disability Score and the Hamilton Rating Scale. No improvement in neurological or psychiatric symptoms or signs was detected following plasmapheresis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations. II. Extended study.

Results from neuropsychological tests, collected under double-blind-precautions, were evaluated for 115 schoolage children (mean age: 9.4 years) living in a lead smelter area (Stolberg, FRG). Tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) from shed incisor teeth as measures of longtime lead-exposure were available for these children (mean = 6.16 ppm; range: 1.9-38.5 ppm), and for 83 of them blood-lead concentrations (PbB) were available as well (mean = 14.3 micrograms/dl; range: 6.8-33.8 micrograms/dl). The following functional capacities were tested: intelligence (German WISC), perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnosticum for Cerebralschädigung = DCS), reaction performance (Wiener Determinationsgerät), finger-wrist tapping-speed, and repetitive cancellation-performance (Differentieller Leistungstest). In addition standardized behavior ratings were obtained by the examiners, the mothers, and the teachers. Multiple stepwise regression-analysis (forced solution) was calculated for outcome-variables and Pb-tooth, including age, sex, duration of labor, and socio-hereditary background as covariates. Significant (P less than 0.05) or near-significant (P less than 0.1) association was established between Pb-tooth and GFT-performance (errors), reaction-performance (false reactions), and four behavioral dimensions as rated by the mothers, namely distractability, restlessness, lack of information, and wasting of time; the proportion of explained variance never exceeded 6%, however. No significant association was found between PbT and WISC verbal-IQ after the effects of "socio-hereditary background" had been eliminated, although there was still a tendency for high level-children (PbT greater than 10 ppm) to be inferior to low level-children (PbT less than or equal to 4 ppm) by 4.6 IQ-points after correction for confounding. There was a near-significant, inverse relationship between finger-wrist tapping-speed and Pb-blood. The results are discussed within the framework of attention-deficit disorder, and compared to neurobehavioral Pb-effects from animal-experiments, which provide suggestive evidence for a causal relationship between developmental lead-exposure and certain neurobehavioral deficits.

Child↗
PubMed1983

DL-3,4-threo-DOPS in Parkinson's disease: effects on orthostatic hypotension and dizziness.

Parkinsonian patients with orthostatic hypotension and dizziness due to usual antiparkinson therapy have been treated with the precursor amino-acid of noradrenaline, DL-3,4-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (DL-3,4-threo-DOPS). Oral and intravenous administration improved these side effects significantly. A combined treatment of L-dopa, peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor and DL-3,4-threo-DOPS seems to be of benefit with respect to akinesia and orthostatic hypotension.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Rheological aspects of cerebrovascular disease.

Disturbances of the flow properties of the blood may occur in more than 40% of patients with CVD. Abnormal rheologic conditions can be measured as increased blood viscosity and may be caused by corpuscular as well as by plasmatic factors.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1983

Therapeutical aspects of cerebrovascular disease.

Treatment of hemorheologic alterations in patients with CVD must be directed to reduce enhanced platelet and red cell aggregation, to improve reduced red cell deformability, and to control plasmatic hypercoagulability.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1983

Hemorheological effects of pentoxifylline on disturbed flow behavior of blood in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency.

The influence of pentoxifylline (11-18 mg/kg orally, Trental 400) on impaired hemorheologic conditions has been investigated in a total of 73 patients with CVI. Throughout a treatment period of 4 weeks, there was a significant improvement in red cell behavior and a significant inhibition of increased platelet aggregation; moreover, a fall in plasma fibrinogen and of blood viscosity has also been observed.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗