Biomedical subjects

H M Khalil

Publications and source records attributed to H M Khalil.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

A clinico-radiological study of the contralateral ear in acquired unilateral cholesteatoma.

OBJECTIVE: Clinico-audiological and CT scan assessments of the contralateral ear in patients with unilateral cholesteatoma can be a good predictive method for the fate of these ears. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with unilateral cholesteatoma and 25 control subjects with bilateral normal ears were subjected to otomicroscopical and audiological assessment. Axial and coronal computed tomography (CT) for the mastoid bone at 1 mm slice thickness was done for all ears. A simplified method was used to find out the surface area (SA) of the air cells at each individual section and semi-automatically calculate the total volume of the matstoid air cells. RESULTS: Otomicroscopically, 72% of the contralateral ears showed signs of retraction pockets, granulation tissues and other signs of chronicity. Audiologically 20% of the control ears showed moderate to severe conductive hearing loss while 10% showed mixed hearing loss. As regards mastoid pneumatization, the mean air cell volumes were 6.1, 12.68 and 29.92 CC in cholesteatomatous, contralateral and control ears respectively. This indicates a highly significant difference in the mean air cell volume between the control ears and the other two groups. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that continuous follow up of the contralateral ear in cholesteatomatous ears is mandatory to detect subtle pathological changes and manage them early. Volumetry of contralateral ear using the applied simple method can lead to a reduction in major surgery and can affect the choice of the surgical approach.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Interleukin-4, immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin A and resistance to re-infection with Schistosoma haematobium before and after chemotherapy.

The role of serum IL-4, IgE and IgA in protective immunity had been determined in 88- S. haematobium infected-individuals before and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment with a single dose of praziquantel. Before treatment, IL-4 level was found to be highly significant in all stages of infection, there was a positive correlation between IL-4 levels and egg count. Whereas serum IgE and IgA levels were significantly high in late infected group showing a negative correlation with egg count. After praziquantel treatment, IL-4 levels decreased gradually while IgE and IgA levels were significantly increased in all patients. At 9 and 12 months, viable ova were detected in 11 cases (12.5%), they were re-infected after treatment showing an increase in IL-4 levels, and a decrease in both serum IgE and IgA. These results indicate that IL-4 plays an important role in suppression of severe inflammatory responses associate with persistence of the parasitic stages. Also, serum IgE and IgA participate in protective immunity against S. haematobium infection. It may be essential to administer a second dose of praziquantel to all persons living in endemic areas who are likely to be in contact with infested water.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Role of recombinent interleukin-12 as an adjuvant on vaccine-induced immunity in murine Schistosoma mansoni infection.

In the present work, the role of recombinent Interleukin-12 (rIL-12) as an adjuvant to soluble worm antigen preparation (SWAP) in protection against primary murine S. mansoni infection, using certain immunization protocol, was studied. A highly significant statistical increase in resistance (P<0.001) was observed between the group immunized with SWAP and rIL-12 (group I) and those immunized with SWAP only (group II), when each was compared to the infection control group (group III). Moreover, resistance to challenge infection was higher in group I (73.6%) than in group II (66.1%). In comparison to group III, histopathological examination of liver sections of groups I and II showed marked reduction in granuloma sizes, with more reduction in group I to the extent that some ova were seen without cellular reaction around them. Liver necrosis and fibrosis were detected only in the infection control group. In contrast to group III, sections in the small intestine did not show any granulomatous reaction in groups I and II. rIL-12, when administered with SWAP could inhibit mesangial cells proliferation in the kidney glomeruli of mice in group I. However, minimal mesangial cells proliferation was observed in the kidney sections from mice in group II, when compared to the prominent proliferation seen in group III. rIL-12 has a prominent role when administered as an adjuvant to SWAP, against primary murine S. mansoni infection and for preventing granulomatous reaction, decreasing worm burden and increasing resistance to infection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1995

"Effects of Enterobius vermicularis infection on intelligence quotient (I.Q) and anthropometric measurements of Egyptian rural children".

Two hundred and thirty nine children (114 boys and 125 girls, aged 6-12 years, infected with Enterobius vermicularis worm (E.v.) were selected from 637 originally examined children (329 boys and 308 girls)., derived from El-Katta village, Giza Governorate. The diagnosis was made according to history, physical examination, urine and stools examination, as well as peri-anal swab. The physical growth of these children was investigated by taking some anthropometric measurements which included body weight, standing height, head circumference, upper arm circumf., and triceps skinfold thickness. I.Q. was determined by using Goodenough "draw-a-ma" test. Blood hemoglobin concentration was also determined using a spectrophotometric method. The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among our original sample was 43.8%. Mean I.Q. of Enterobius vermicularis infected children was statistically lower than that of their non-infected peers (t = 2.02, P = 0.04), while the non-infected peers (t = 2.42, P = 0.02). Infected male children showed significantly lower I.Q. than infected females (t = 2.02, P = 0.04) while the non infected children showed no sex difference. However physical growth and hemoglobin concentration of Enterobius vermicularis infected children were not statistically different from those of the non-infected control peers, in all age and sex subgroups.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

Effect of praziquantel treatment on hepatic pathology of Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice.

In this study we used Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infected mice were used to assess the pathological changes in the liver at various stages of the disease as well as the effectiveness of Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment on hepatic pathology also at different stages. The S. mansoni infected mice were divided into 7 groups and subgroups according to post infection and/or post treatment periods. The various hepatic pathological changes were recorded and it was concluded that PZQ is an effective yet, safe non hepatotoxic drug and that the earlier the application of treatment in the course of the disease the better cure we can get with minimal or no insult to the liver tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Study of interleukin-2 receptor in schistosomiasis mansoni and its analogous changes in collagen diseases and schistosomal arthropathy.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in the serum of patients with different stages of S. mansoni infection, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and schistosomal arthropathy. The results demonstrated significant higher level of sIL-2R in different patient groups compared to the control group. The highest level of sIL-2R was recorded in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis complicated with ascites. The difference was statistically significant compared to other groups. There was no significant difference in sIL-2R regarding rheumatoid arthritis and SLE. Schistosomal arthropathy group showed significant higher level of sIL-2R compared to rheumatoid arthritis, SLE and early S. mansoni infection while the difference was insignificant compared to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis without ascites.

Arthritis, Infectious↗

PubMed1995

Immune complexes as monitors of cure in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice.

This study was done to assess the use of immune complexes estimated by micro-ELISA as monitors of cure of schistosomiasis mansoni experimentally infected Swiss albino mice which received praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. They were grouped according to duration of infection (4, 8, 12, 16w) and then subgrouped owing to post-treatment life span (4, 6, 8w). It was found that the changes observed in serum level of immune complexes (IC) would provide a good parameter to demonstrate the severity of infection and being an indication of improvement after treatment. The recorded changes confirmed the relationship between schistosomal hepatic affection and serum levels of IC. The study showed the potent anti-schistosomal effect of PZQ. It cured completely when it was given early after infection or improved moderately when given late.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor- alpha in schistosomiasis mansoni and their analogous changes in collagen diseases and schistosomal arthropathy.

Serum levels of TNF-alpha was quantitatively estimated by the use of solid enzyme amplified sensitivity immunoassay (EASIA) in different stages of schistosomiasis mansoni, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and schistosomal arthropathy. Statistically, significant higher levels were detected in the different groups compared to the normal control group. The level was found highest in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with ascites (group 1c). The difference was significantly higher compared to cases of early S. mansoni infection (group Ia) and insignificant compared to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis without ascites (group 1b). No significant difference was detected comparing groups 1a and 1b, or groups 2a (RA) and 2b (SLE). Cases of schistosomal arthropathy (group 3) showed significantly higher level compared to groups 1a and 1b, although the level in group 1c was still significantly higher compared to group 3, the level was also significantly higher in group 3 compared to cases of RA but not to cases of SLE.

Arthritis, Infectious↗

PubMed1995

Detection of cellular and humoral markers (IL-2, IFN-gamma and IgE) in sera of patients with urinary schistosomiasis.

Schistosomiasis continues to be major health problem throughout the developing world. Infection with Schistosoma haematobium is associated with very high morbidity. The work aimed at the determination of role of cellular immune response (IL-2, and IFN-gamma) and specific humoral IgE in protective immunity in human urinary schistosomiasis, as a function of both age and infection intensity including examination of changes in immunoresponsiveness following curative therapy. The study revealed that IL-2,IFN-gamma level were higher in all patients compared to the normal control group and the levels were higher in lightly infected groups than heavily infected ones with no respect to age. IgE levels showed higher values compared to normal individuals and IgE levels were higher in children groups than in adults regardless of the intensity of infection. IL-2, IFN-gamma and IgE levels were higher in patients with mixed S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections than monoinfected patients. Follow up of patients 2 months, 4 months and 12 months after Praziquantel treatment showed that the level of IL-2 and IgE fell back to normal values after 4 months while IFN-gamma remained high, IL-2, IFN-gamma and IgE were raised once more after 12 months.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Variations of direct fluorescent antibody test and serum bile acids levels following praziquantel treatment in Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice.

This study was performed to evaluate the efficiency and use of an immunopathological test viz "Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFAT) for detection of IgG and IgM deposits in liver and kidney biopsies" and a biochemical test viz "estimation of serum bile acids by enzymatic colorimetric technique" for follow up Schistosoma mansoni infection using Swiss albino mice. Test were done during infection and after Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment. Mice were classified according to the duration of infection and post-therapy periods. It was found that both tests should be used together to provide good parameters to demonstrate S. mansoni infection and to test the regression of the disease after treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation of different serological tests in mansonian schistosomiasis and correlation to hepatitis B virus infection.

A total of 70 bilharzial mansonian patients (Group I: 20 early intestinal mansonian patients, Group II: 20 hepatosplenic mansonian patients without ascites, Group III: 30 hepatosplenic mansonian patients with ascites) and 30 normal controls were studied. Using the circumoval percipitin test (COPT), there was a statistically significant difference between sensitivities in Group I and Group III with higher sensitivity for Group I. Using either the indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) or the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), there was no statistically significant difference between the sensitivities in the different bilharzial groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the 3 tests in Group I, II respectively. A statistically significant difference was found between the sensitivities of COPT and IHA in Group III. A highly significant difference was found between the sensitivities of COPT and IFAT in Group III also. No statistically significant difference was found between the sensitivities of IFAT and IHA in Group III. There was no statistically significant difference between the percentages of positivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) in the different bilharzial groups while each of the 3 groups showed highly statistically significant difference with the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the positivities of HBSAg and the different titers of either IHA of IFAT in each group.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1993

Diagnosis of active urinary schistosomiasis using homologous adult Schistosoma haematobium antigen.

The role of antigen prepared from Schistosoma haematobium adult worm (ShAWA, W.H.O. Geneva) in diagnosis of active urinary schistosomiasis, by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), was evaluated by comparison with simpler methods as sedmentation of urinary ova and detection of haematuria by chemical reagent strips. Sixty patients (30 school boys and 30 adults) passing living S. haematobium eggs, as detected, by nucleopore filtration technique (NF), and 30 controls were studied. Results showed statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) egg counts in school boys than adults. Sensitivities of haematuria detection, ova sedimentation and CIEP were 93.3%, 80%, 50%, 70%, 73.3%, 33.3% in school boys and adults respectively. It was concluded that direct parasitological examination of urine samples is more superior than CIEP using homologous ShAWA to detect active urinary schistosomiasis both qualitatively and quantitatively. Haematuria detected by chemical reagent strips can identify a high proportion of active urinary schistosomiasis in epidemiological surveys in endemic areas. Nucleopore filtration is more superior than ova sedimentation method for detection of active urinary schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of direct and indirect methods in diagnosis of chronic intestinal schistosomiasis in Menoufia Governorate.

A comparative study of Kato thick smear method, modified Ritchie concentration technique (MRCT), rectal snip biopsy and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test were done on fifty patients with chronic intestinal schistosomiasis from Menoufia governorate, an area of Nile Delta endemic for schistosomiasis. Study revealed that a single kato-preparation was not sufficient to determine correctly the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection particularly in chronic cases (22%), the accuracy was maximized by examining stool samples obtained from the same patient by MRCT (46%). Rectal snip biopsy and IHA test showed high positivity rate of 80% and 74% respectively. It is recommended to combine stool examination by MRCT with either rectal snip or IHA test according to the condition of patient as the former can not be performed on routine basis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Opportunistic parasitic infections in immunocompromised hosts.

Parasitological and serological examination was done for 111 cases with various types of malignancies under immunosuppressive therapy and another 20 apparently healthy individuals as a control group to determine the prevalence of opportunistic parasitic infections among immunocompromised patients. Single examination showed that 74 (66.7%) harboured infection with different parasites: Strongyloides stercoralis infection was found in 4 (3.64%) cases; 3 cases (2.7%) had Pneumocystis carinii infection. No Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected; IFAT for toxoplasmosis was positive in 40 cases (36%) with titres ranging from 1/16 - 1/256 but IFAT-IgM was negative. The control group did not show any parasitic infection except that IFAT was positive in 4 out of 20 (20%) with titres ranging from 1/16 to 1/128 but IFAT-IgM was also negative. Although Toxoplasma infection was higher among patients the difference was insignificant. Generally the percentages recorded for the different parasites were found to be within the expected prevalence. One case report of concomitant opportunistic Pneumonocytis and Toxoplasma infection is reviewed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Effect of splenectomy on cell mediated immunity in bilharzial patients with splenomegaly.

The effect of splenectomy on cell mediated immunity was studied in 15 male patients with mean age 28 years +/- 9 s.d. with bilharzial splenomegaly and oesophageal varices, for comparison, ten healthy control males with mean age 28 years +/- 4 s.d. were included. The cellular immune response was assessed before and one month after splenectomy. The assessment included the enumeration of T lymphocyte subsets in vitro using monoclonal antibodies and in vivo by intradermal skin test for delayed reaction using specific Schistosoma mansoni adult antigen and non specific purified protein derivatives (P.P.D.). The result showed that the possibility of the delayed skin reaction was higher after splenectomy, also there was an increase in the number of T helper cells and reduction in number of T suppressor cell but the number of pan T cell did not significantly change. This result indicates that the ratio of T helper/T suppressor ratio improved after splenectomy with a concomitant improvement of the immunological response of the patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Immunological changes in opportunistic parasitic infections.

This study was done on 110 patients with different types of malignant diseases and 20 healthy controls. Cases were divided into four groups according to parasitological and serological examination. The first group included 37 patients without any parasitic infection, the second 28 patients with no opportunistic parasitic infection, the third group 33 patients with opportunistic parasitic infection while the fourth included 12 patients with mixed opportunistic and non opportunistic parasites. Immunological status was estimated by carrying out leucocyte migration inhibition test and intradermal skin test for cell mediated immunity and quantitative determination of immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA for humoral immunity testing. It was found that cell mediated immunity was decreased in cancer patients compared with the normal control group. Super added parasitic infections lead to greater decrease. Opportunistic parasitic infection aggravated the condition more. Marked suppression of the cell mediated immunity was found in the group of cancer patients with mixed opportunistic and non opportunistic parasitic infections. IgG and IgA were increased in the first three groups and decreased in the mixed one, IgM was increased in the first and second groups while decreased in groups with opportunistic infections.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Relation between bilharzial arthropathy and histocompatibility leucocytic antigen B27.

Fifty cases of active schistosomiasis divided into group I test group consists of twenty-five patients with arthropathy and group II control group consists of twenty-five patients without arthropathy, were subjected to clinical examination, indirected haemagglutination test (IHAT) for bilharziasis and plain X-ray on lumbosacral, sacroiliac and knee joints. HLA-B27 antigen typing was also done as a trial to find association between this antigen and the Egyptian cases of bilharzial arthropathy. Clinical examination of patients with arthropathy showed that the frequency of joint affection was knee joint 76%, shoulder joint 12% and hip, elbow and sacroiliac joints were equally 4% affected. Although the affected joints were tender and with limited movement, there were no hotness, deformities and morning stiffness. There was no effusion nor swelling except in one case of knee joint arthropathy. The results of the IHAT showed hundred percent positivity in all the patients without significant statistical difference between the test and the control groups (P greater than 0.05). X-ray on the sacroiliac, lumbosacral and knee joints showed no abnormalities in all the cases. The results of the HLA-B27 antigen typing showed that the frequency of this antigen in the test group was 16% and in the control group was 4%. The relation risk was 4.57 and the aetiological fraction was very small 0.12. However there was insignificant statistical difference between the test and the control groups (P greater than 0.05).

HLA-B27 Antigen↗

PubMed1991

Recent study of Hymenolepis nana infection in Egyptian children.

Survey on 1800 children was conducted to detect the prevalence of H. nana infection in Egyptian children, by direct smear and concentration techniques. The incidence of infection was found to be 16%. Two hundred cases of them were subjected to full clinical history, thorough physical examination and anthropometric assessment. Different clinical manifestations were found in 84% of cases. Delayed growth manifested by decrease of the body weight below the third percentile was found in 62% of cases, in addition to marked affection of the body, height, head circumference, midarm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness in 16%, 10%, 32% and 28% of cases respectively. Trials on these 200 cases were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of "Praziquantel" in comparison with "Mebendazole". Praziquantel gave significant higher cure rates, being 91.1% and 97.7% after 2 and 4 weeks respectively, compared to Mebendazole which gave cure rates of 50% and 59%. Both drugs were well tolerated and have no side effects, however Praziquantel was given as a single dose, and so have the advantage of being more effective, easily administered, safe with higher cure rate.

Anthropometry↗