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Biomedical subjects

H M Khan

Publications and source records attributed to H M Khan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Femoral pseudoaneurysm in drug addicts--excision without revascularization is a viable option.

PURPOSE: To present a series of patients presenting with femoral pseudoaneurysm. RESULTS: Seventeen patients who presented with a femoral pseudoaneurysm during a 1 year period were included in this study. Parenteral drug abuse was the most common aetiological factor. The femoral artery was most commonly involved at its bifurcation. Sixteen patients (94%) had excision of the pseudoaneurysm with ligation of vessel and debridement without any revascularization and one patient (6%) had reverse saphenous grafting after excision and ligation of vessels. Four amputations (23%) were performed. Three (17%) were major limb amputations, which included one above knee and two below knee amputations. Four patients (23%) developed intermittent claudication. CONCLUSION: Excision of the pseudoaneurysm with ligation of vessels and wide debridement without immediate revascularization in infected pseudoaneurysms is a safe and effective treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A comparative clinical trial of artemether and quinine in children with severe malaria.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of artemether and quinine in the treatment of severe malaria in hospitalized children. STUDY DESIGN: Open randomized trial. SETTING: Pediatric ward of a tertiary care center. METHODS: All children admitted with clinical manifestations of severe malaria (as per WHO criteria) and asexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum demonstrated on peripheral smear were randomized to receive either artemether or quinine. Their clinical status and smears for parasite count were assessed every 12 hours until two successive blood films were negative. The primary end point of the study was death in the hospital and residual damage to the organ involved. The secondary end points were clearance of parasites and fever, length of time of recovery from coma and normal functions of the involved system. RESULTS: Forty-six cases completed the study protocol, 23 assigned to each drug group. Cerebral malaria was the commonest manifestation (76.1%). Mean age in artemether versus quinine group (6.6 +/- 3.5 and 5.8 +/- 2.4 years) as well as degree of parasitemia at admission (55,800 and 60,300 per microlitre) were comparable. The overall mortality rate was 23.9% with no significant difference between the two groups. Twenty six cases (56.5%) presented with more than one manifestations of severe malaria. The mortality rate was 100% with four coexisting manifestations of severe malaria. Fever clearance time in artemether and quinine group was 44.5 and 45.9 hours respectively (P >0.05). Parasite clearance time was significantly shorter in artemether group (40.9 vs. 51.9 hours; P<0.001). Recovery from coma was shorter in artemether group (34.8 vs. 38.1 hours; P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Cerebral malaria is the most common manifestation of severe malaria in children. Artemether is a good alternative drug to quinine for P. falciparum malaria. Mortality rate is directly proportional to the number of coexisting manifestations of severe malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Norm and associated radiation hazards in bricks fabricated in various localities of the North-West Frontier Province (Pakistan).

The activity concentrations of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides and associated radiation hazards due to 40K, 226Ra and 232Th have been measured in baked brick samples, collected from six highly populated areas of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. For the detection, analysis and data acquisition, a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector coupled with a high resolution multichannel analyser (MCA) was used. The range of the average values of the activity concentrations due to 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were found to be 680.3 +/- 22.2-784.4 +/- 30.7 Bq kg(-1), 36.9 +/- 3.5-51.9 +/- 3.3 Bq kg(-1) and 52.5 +/- 3.6-67.6 +/- 3.1 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Radium equivalent (Ra(eq)) activities and various hazard indices were also calculated to assess the radiation hazards. All the brick samples showed Ra, activities within the limit (370 Bq kg(-1)) set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The results of different criterion formulae also complemented each other in this study. The derived data have been compared with the reported values for other countries of the world.

Aluminum Silicates↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence of malaria in Aligarh.

In Aligarh Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections during 1998 and 1999 were 69.6% and 62.2%, and 30.4% and 37.8%, respectively. Peak transmission of malaria with highest slide positivity rates (38-44.6%) and slide P. falciparum rates (13 to 16%) were recorded during the months of September and October. About 7.5 to 10% cases showed resistance to chloroquine in P. falciparum infections while 11.3 to 16% P. vivax cases relapsed after getting required doses of chloroquine. About 75% of relapsing cases were of short-term type. Patients who were given both chloroquine and primaquine also relapsed but frequency was less (3.17%). A few chloroquine resistant cases were recorded in patients suffering from vivax malaria.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Natural gamma-emiting radionuclides in Pakistani Portland cement.

Studies of the natural gamma-emitting radionuclides in Portland cement manufactured in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan and the various raw materials which compose the product have been carried out using gamma-spectrometric techniques. For data acquisition a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) was used. The range of the total specific activity (minimum and maximum values) due to all the three radionuclides (40K, 226Ra and 232Th) were found to be 187.8+/-63.5-573.2+/-73.1 Bq kg(-1) (Portland cement); 54.5+/-16.1-183.9+/-31.4 Bq kg(-1) (limestone); 87.1+/-30.7-297.1+/-64.4 Bq kg(-1) (gypsum); 696.4+/-79.1-1043.9+/-85.0 Bq kg(-1) (slate); and 490.9+/-54.5-570.2+/-59.8 Bq kg(-1) (latrite). The average specific activities due to 40K in Portland cement and all the raw materials were found to be higher when compared with 226Ra and 232Th. Such materials do not pose any excess radiological health problem.

Construction Materials↗
PubMed2001

Radiological significance of building bricks in Pakistan.

Baked clay bricks samples were collected from both urban and rural areas of the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan and natural radioactivity due to 40K, 226Ra and 232Th has been measured in these samples. The specific absorbed dose rates due to natural radioactivity emanating from the walls, floors and ceilings of the typical model rooms made of these building bricks have been calculated applying the mesh size adaptive volume integral methodology. The occupancy factor, representing the weighted average of all the population in the country, was taken to be 0.3 in this study. The values of estimated annual effective dose rates for whole body were found to be 0.38 and 0.35 mSv.y(-1) for the two types of model rooms. These values are smaller than those predicted by UNSCEAR for normal background areas. Thus the building bricks analysed in this study do not pose any significant health problem to the population.

Background Radiation↗
PubMed1993

Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by co-agglutination in an Indian hospital.

Detection of Salmonella typhi infection by a co-agglutination assay for specific O, H and Vi antigens and by blood culture were compared for 110 patients with suspected typhoid fever. Blood cultures were positive for S. typhi in 25.5% of patients. Co-agglutination tests with patients' serum and with blood culture supernates gave positive results in 70.9% and 67.3% of cases respectively. S. typhi antigens Hd and O9 were detected in patients' serum by co-agglutination in 96.4% of blood culture-positive, and 62.2% of blood culture-negative patients. Co-agglutination results were uniformly negative with serum samples from a control group of 50 healthy individuals, 20 patients with febrile non-typhoid infectious disease and 20 patients with non-infectious febrile disease. Of the 25 patients with suspected typhoid fever who had not received prior antibiotic treatment, 88% yielded positive blood cultures and 96% gave positive results in serum co-agglutination tests. By contrast, of the 85 patients who had received prior antibiotics, only 7% yielded positive blood cultures, but 63.5% gave positive results in serum co-agglutination tests. Co-agglutination tests with serum offer a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific and economical method for the early diagnosis of typhoid fever.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1993

Factors affecting fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh.

"The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of selected socioeconomic and demographic factors on fertility in a rural area of Bangladesh. It has been revealed that age at first marriage and coital frequency have direct significant effects while ever use of contraception and duration of breast-feeding have direct positive significant effects on total parity. Total effects of wife's education and age at first marriage on fertility are found to be negative while those of religion and household income on fertility are found to be positive."

Asia↗
PubMed1993

A study on socio-economic and intermediate variables on fertility.

"In this paper an attempt has been made to examine fertility differentials of currently married rural women [in Bangladesh] by their socioeconomic (viz, education of women, land ownership and family type) and demographic (viz, age at the first marriage, duration of breast feeding and duration of post partum amenorrhoea for the child) characterisation. This study is based on data collected from 995 currently married women of childbearing age. It has been found that women's (i) level of education (ii) age at first marriage (iii) duration of breastfeeding and (iv) duration of post-partum amenorrhoea, are inversely related with fertility. Joint family shows higher fertility than that of nuclear family and land ownership reveals [a] U-shaped relationship with fertility."

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1993

Fertility differentials in rural Bangladesh.

"Data from two sources in rural Bangladesh have been used in this study to examine the differentials in fertility by selected socio-economic and demographic factors. Results [indicate] that age at first marriage, education of spouses and availability of electricity in the household...have [an] inverse relationship with fertility. Higher fertility is observed for Muslim women than for non-Muslims. It has been found that fertility is the lowest to those women whose husbands are service holders and the highest for agriculture."

Asia↗
PubMed1992

Biochemical studies on mouse liver following Plasmodium berghei infection.

The lipid composition of mouse liver following infection with P. berghei was investigated. The liver lipid contents of infected animals were greatly increased mainly due to the accumulation of triacylglycerides. There was enhanced lipid concentration (85.29%). Significantly (23.7%) depleted liver cholesterol was also found in the mice. Similarly, phospholipid contents of liver were also decreased by 19.90 per cent. The liver from P. berghei infected mouse produced more lipid peroxide, as compared to control animals (314%). Significant depletion was also observed in carbohydrate, glycogen and glucose (79.1, 86.26 and 78.6% respectively) contents of liver at high parasitaemia. The lower contents of nucleic acid in the infected hosts observed in the study may be partly due to the absorption of nucleic acids by the parasites from the host cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vaccination of rhesus monkeys against Plasmodium knowlesi with aqueous suspension of MDP as an adjuvant.

In these investigations two types of antigen preparations were used: (i) Whole Antigen (WAg), and (ii) Soluble Antigen (SAg). For immunization, Muramyl Dipeptide (MDP) was employed as an adjuvant. Highest reciprocal antibody titre values were recorded in ELISA and IHA tests from animals immunized by WAg-MDP. Skin reactions in animals sensitized with WAg-MDP combination showed a well developed zone of erythema with induration after 24 hours of intradermal injection. Animals immunized with WAg-MDP showed a maximum leukocyte migration inhibition. All the animals in experimental and control groups showed patent infection following challenge with live parasites. Animals belonging to the control groups showed 100% mortality. On the basis of these experiments it could be concluded that MDP preparation afforded some protection to the test animals.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1989

Protective effect of L. donovani antigens using glucan as an adjuvant.

Golden hamsters were immunized with various antigen fractions of Leishmania donovani promastigotes. Beta 1,3-glucan was used as an adjuvant in these vaccination experiments. The results indicate that immunization of animals with the microsomal fraction (subcellular fraction III) in combination with glucan confers considerable immune protection against L. donovani infection. The immune protection was confirmed by correspondingly lower parasite burden in the livers and spleens of test animals compared to controls. Additionally, the vaccinated animals showed positive skin test responsiveness after challenge, along with increased antibody titres. Immunization of animals with whole and particulate antigen fractions was also found to afford a high degree of resistance. The other subcellular and soluble antigen fractions conferred very little protection. In these experiments, glucan was found to be a potent adjuvant when injected, intraperitoneally, with Leishmania antigens. Similar doses of parasite extracts given without an adjuvant were able to confer only very little or no protection.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Entamoeba histolytica antigens as possible vaccinogens? A short review.

A few key papers which have recently been published on the characterization of amoeba antigens are reviewed. Immunofluorescence tests and immunoelectron microscopy have demonstrated the localization of certain surface antigens on axenically cultured trophozoites. Most of the surface antigens have largely been shown to elicit a humoral response. The elicitation of cellular response has not been well illustrated. The localization of a large number of antigens in cytoplasmic vacuoles and plasma membrane indicates that a greater stimulus to the host would be provided by intracellular antigens than by those located on the surface of amoeba trophozoites. In a few inoculation studies, amoeba antigens, in combination with several adjuvants, have been successfully employed for inducing protective immunity in various animal model systems. These and other results clearly demonstrate that amoeba antigens are fully capable of generating humoral and as well as CMI responses. A combination of these two effector limbs of immunity can be fully exploited through effective use of future vaccines.

Animals↗