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Biomedical subjects

H Møller

Publications and source records attributed to H Møller.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Cancer incidence following hospitalization for multiple sclerosis in Denmark.

Incidence of various cancers was evaluated in a cohort of 5359 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, identified through hospital discharge records between 1977 and 1987 and followed for an average of 5.2 years. Computerized linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry uncovered 210 cancer cases which was significantly more than expected based on national rates (relative risk (RR) = 1.29). Over half of the excess, however, was observed for non-melanoma skin cancer and tumors of the urinary tract, which may be related to increased medical surveillance among MS patients compared to the Danish population as a whole. There was a significant excess of nasopharyngeal carcinomas in the cohort (RR = 17.3), but based on only 3 cases and seen only among women. Hematologic and lymphatic malignancies were not increased, adding little support to previous suggestions of a possible association of these malignancies with MS. An excess of brain tumors, seen only in women, may represent situations where the tumor caused symptoms which were interpreted as MS. Overall, the data suggest that a patient with MS is not at unusual risk for subsequent cancer development, but the relatively short follow-up of the population is a limitation of the investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Cancer occurrence in a cohort of patients surgically treated for peptic ulcer.

A cohort of 4107 patients treated surgically for peptic ulcer between 1955 and 1960 was followed up to determine the incidence of cancer by record linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry. A total of 930 cases of cancer were observed during 76,634 person-years. Relative risks of cancer were computed by comparison with the recorded cancer incidence in the Danish population. During the first five years after surgery the relative risk of gastric cancer was slightly increased (RR = 1.43), but 5-15 years after the operation the risk was lower than expected (RR = 0.55). Thereafter, the relative risk of gastric cancer increased steadily and increased more than twofold after 25 years. Lung cancer occurred more frequently in the cohort members than expected (RR = 1.66), but the relative risk was independent of time since surgery. Malignancies other than gastric cancer and cancers related to tobacco smoking were close to the expected numbers. The results do not support the findings of a recent British study of similar size in which increased risks were reported for cancer at other sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline in relation to consumption of raw and cooked vegetables in a Danish rural population.

Several recent case-control studies of gastric cancer have demonstrated the protective effect of consumption of vegetables. According to Correa's model of gastric carcinogenesis, the initiating agent is N-nitroso compounds either ingested or formed in vivo. In our study of endogenous nitrosation, we measured intragastric formation of N-nitroso compounds in 285 individuals by the nitrosation of proline; in this presentation we analysed the effect of consumption of vegetables on urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). When adjustment was made for the dominating determinants of NPRO excretion (total nitrate intake and tobacco smoking), a marked difference in the effects of consumption of raw and cooled vegetables was seen: consumption of cooked vegetables increased endogenous nitrosation of proline, while consumption of raw vegetables had only a marginal effect. We suggest that the difference between raw and cooked vegetables is due to destruction of ascorbate in the cooking of the vegetables. The lack of a protective effect of consumption of raw vegetables on the rate on endogenous nitrosation of proline indicates, however, that the determinants of nitrosation of proline and the determinants of gastric cancer risk may be different.

Cooking↗
PubMed1990

Identification of carboxylic acid residues in glucoamylase G2 from Aspergillus niger that participate in catalysis and substrate binding.

Functionally important carboxyl groups in glucoamylase G2 from Aspergillus niger were identified using a differential labelling approach which involved modification of the acarbose-inhibited enzyme with 1-ethyl-3-(4-azonia-4,4-dimethylpentyl)carbodiimide (EAC) and inactivation by [3H]EAC following removal of acarbose. Subsequent sequence localization of the substituted acidic residues was facilitated by specific phenylthiohydantoins. The acid cluster Asp176, Glu179 and Glu180 reacted exclusively with [3H]EAC, while Asp112, Asp153, Glu259 and Glu389 had incorporated both [3H]EAC and EAC. It is conceivable that one or two of the [3H]EAC-labelled side chains act in catalysis while the other fully protected residue(s) participates in substrate binding probably together with the partially protected ones. Twelve carboxyl groups that reacted with EAC in the enzyme-acarbose complex were also identified. Asp176, Glu179 and Glu180 are all invariant in fungal glucoamylases. Glu180 was tentatively identified as a catalytic group on the basis of sequence alignments to catalytic regions in isomaltase and alpha-amylase. The partially radiolabelled Asp112 corresponds in Taka-amylase A to Tyr75 situated in a substrate binding loop at a distance from the site of cleavage. A possible correlation between carbodiimide modification of an essential carboxyl group and its role in the glucoamylase catalysis is discussed.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1990

Changing mortality from esophageal cancer in males in Denmark and other European countries, in relation to changing levels of alcohol consumption.

Age-specific mortality rates from esophageal cancer in men are considered by year of birth in European countries with different levels of alcohol consumption. In countries with high and increasing levels of alcohol consumption (Denmark, Hungary, Federal Republic of Germany, and Czechoslovakia) successive birth cohorts born after about 1910 experience increasing mortality from esophageal cancer in all age-groups. No clear trend in esophageal cancer mortality was observed in countries starting from lower levels of alcohol consumption, even in the presence of increasing consumption (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Netherlands, Poland, UK). There was an apparent threshold around 8 l of ethanol per capita per year. Likewise, no upward trend in esophageal cancer mortality was observed in countries with high and stable alcohol consumption (France, Italy, Portugal). These findings are in agreement with results of analytic epidemiologic studies which indicate that esophageal cancer mortality is only slightly affected by moderate doses of alcohol, but rises steeply with consumption of large quantities. The incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer is likely to increase further in the future in countries where the level of alcohol consumption was relatively high in 1960 and where consumption increased further in the 1960s and 1970s.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cancer in the European Community and its member states.

The European Community (EC) mounted the "Europe Against Cancer" programme in 1987 to control cancer. Information on mortality rates is available for all member countries and the incident number of cancers was estimated for each site, for each country and for the EC as a whole. In 1980 there were 730,000 deaths from cancer and an estimated 1,222,120 [corrected] new cases (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers). Among men, cancer of the lung is the leading cancer site with some 135,000 cases per year followed by prostate, colon and bladder cancer. Breast cancer is the leading site in women, with 135,000 cases per year, followed by colon, stomach and genital cancer. Among men, melanoma of the skin, and lung, pancreas and rectum cancer are more frequent in the north in contrast to larynx, oesophagus, buccal cavity and liver cancer, which are more frequent in the south. There are additional contrasts between Southern European countries. The contrasts are less striking for women. This study provides an estimate of the true number of cases only. The establishment of a network of European cancer registries should eventually lead to more comprehensive incidence information form the EC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Point and period prevalence of otitis media with effusion evaluated by daily tympanometry.

Previous studies on daily tympanometric screening using an automatic impedance tympanoscope indicated relatively high incidences of type B tympanograms of one day's duration, which is contrary to our conceptions of the pathogenesis and pathology of otitis media with effusion. We therefore repeated the study in 51 otherwise healthy children (100 ears) attending kindergarten. Tympanometry was performed daily for one month using both the conventional impedance apparatus AZ7 and the automatic impedance tympanoscope ZS 331. The impedance apparatus did not indicate any one-day type B tympanograms and only a few short-lasting episodes occurring either in the beginning or end of the study period. Several ears had type B tympanograms on all days examined. The point prevalence was 15 per cent and the period prevalence 17 per cent, which accord well with findings of previous epidemiological studies of secretory otitis. The impedance tympanoscope indicated 16 cases of B-curves lasting only one day and considerably higher point and period prevalences, which make the impedance tympanoscope unsuited for both scientific and clinical purposes.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1990

The pattern of cancer in a large cohort of stroke patients.

A cohort of 113,732 stroke patients from Danish Hospital Discharge Registry were, by linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry, found to have developed a total of 5151 cases of cancer in a mean follow-up time of 2.4 years after the diagnosis of stroke. There was no excess of gastric cancer. The present findings fail to support the existence of a common, strong risk factor for stroke and gastric cancer in individuals. In the cohort, more cancer than expected was observed. In particular, a more than ten-fold increase in risk of brain tumours within the first year after stroke diagnosis was observed, suggesting some diagnostic misinterpretation of a brain tumour as a stroke. Minor excesses of cancer of other sites were also found in the first year of follow-up. They are probably due to increased medical surveillance and diagnostic misinterpretation of an underlying malignancy as an incident of cerebrovascular disease, eg through metastatic spread to the brain.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Endogenous nitrosation in relation to nitrate exposure from drinking water and diet in a Danish rural population.

Increasing levels of nitrate in drinking water is of concern due to the possibility of an associated increase in long-term exposure to endogenously formed carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds. Excretion of N-nitrosoproline in 12-h overnight urine after intake of 500-mg L-proline was used to quantify the rate of endogenous nitrosation in 285 individuals in an area in northern Denmark with large variation in nitrate concentration of the drinking water. Nitrate intake was measured in a 24-h duplicate diet sample. The crude association between nitrate concentration in drinking water and rate of endogenous nitrosation in individuals is only weakly positive and not quite statistically significant (P = 0.08). The risk of having detectable nitrosation increases significantly with total nitrate intake and tobacco smoking. In nonsmokers, nitrosation is determined by nitrate intake. Smokers have increased nitrosation which does not depend on nitrate intake. Effect modification through dietary factors was evaluated and indicated a protective effect of tea consumption, while the effect of eating vegetables was not clear-cut. The experimental design (12-h urine sample; proline dose taken in the evening) is likely to underestimate the effect of nitrate in drinking water relatively to nitrate in the diet.

Denmark↗
PubMed1989

Nitrate exposure from drinking water and diet in a Danish rural population.

Increasing levels of nitrate (NO3-) in drinking water in Denmark is of concern due to the possibility of an associated increase in long-term exposure to endogeneously formed N-nitroso compounds. Using a duplicate portion technique in combination with a qualitative description of diet and other background variables, the total nitrate intake in a Danish rural population and the contribution of drinking water to the total nitrate exposure is estimated. People drinking nitrate-free water have an intake of 37 mg NO3- per day. At 47 mg NO3- per litre, the exposure is increased to 89 mg, about 60% of which originates from the water. At 84 mg NO3- per litre, the daily exposure is 123 mg, 70% of which originates from the drinking water. These crude comparisons between three groups of people are supplemented with quantitative modelling of nitrate exposure at individual level. Apart from drinking water, consumption of vegetables is a major source of nitrate in this population. Using nitrate in overnight urine samples to quantify exposure is less accurate than the duplicate dietary portion technique and tends, in the present study, to underestimate the contribution of water-derived nitrate to total nitrate intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changing incidence of cancer of the tongue, oral cavity, and pharynx in Denmark.

The present paper describes the trend in incidence of oral and pharyngeal carcinomas in Denmark in the period 1943-1985, and provides an illustration of the effect of birth cohort on the overall trend. The results are discussed in relation to changes in consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco, and to changes in dietary habits in this century. The incidence of these cancers appear to be increasing rapidly in response to the increasing level of alcohol consumption in Denmark.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cancer occurrence in a cohort of patients treated with cimetidine.

The possible carcinogenic effects of antisecretory agents used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer were investigated in a population based cohort study of 16,739 patients who were prescribed the H2-antagonist cimetidine between 1977 and 1981. An excess risk for gastric cancer was observed, with a relative risk of about 10 in the first year after beginning use of the drug, which decreased thereafter. A similar pattern was seen for cancers of the colon, pancreas and gall bladder, and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These increased risks probably represent cases in which a malignancy was misdiagnosed as a gastric ulcer. The excess risk for gastric cancer was unaffected by the method of diagnosis, the risk in those who had undergone an endoscopy being similar to those who had been diagnosed by an x-ray examination. A relative risk of 1.5-2.0 was observed for cancer of the respiratory organs, with no effect of latency, indicating that there are common risk factors for peptic ulcer and for lung cancer. Although the observed increases in cancer risk in persons receiving cimetidine is probably caused by factors other than a carcinogenic action of the drug itself, this possibility cannot be ruled out because of the short period of follow up.

Cimetidine↗