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Biomedical subjects

H Meguro

Publications and source records attributed to H Meguro.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of cefminox, a new cephamycin antibiotic, in the pediatric infections].

Cefminox (CMNX, MT-141) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Fifteen cases of bacterial infections were treated with intravenous bolus injections of 30 to 100 mg/kg/day of CMNX. Each 5 cases of acute respiratory tract, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal infections were included. All the cases were cured after the CMNX therapy. No adverse reactions were encountered with the therapy. The serum half-life was approximately 1.5 to 2 hours after intravenous bolus injection in children. The data suggest that CMNX is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental and clinical evaluation of the BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) granules in the pediatric field].

BRL 25000 granules containing 2 parts amoxicillin and 1 part potassium clavulanate were administered to children suffering from acute infections at a daily dose of 50 mg/kg in 3 or 4 divided doses for at least 3 days. Infections included acute airway infections (81), scarlet fever and suspected scarlet fever (4), urinary tract infections (4), impetigo contagiosa (1) and acute colitis (1). Bacteria were eradicated in 91.3% (63/69) of cases treated with the BRL 25000 granules, with only 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 of Escherichia coli, 1 of Haemophilus influenzae and 1 of Streptococcus pneumoniae remaining. Eight beta-lactamase producing strains were detected amongst the 49 clinical isolates studied and of these, 6 were eradicated after administration of the BRL 25000 granules. Good clinical efficacy was obtained in 97.8% of cases (89/91), with 1 case of acute tonsillitis and 1 of acute colitis showing no improvement. Adverse reactions were limited to 1 case of vomiting and 3 of diarrhea, and no abnormal laboratory findings were detected.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of a new parenteral penicillin, aspoxicillin, in children].

Aspoxicillin (ASPC) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 30 infants and children with acute bacterial infections. The disease categories included acute respiratory tract (22), soft tissue (3), urinary tract (3) infections, sepsis with pyothorax (1) and purulent meningitis (1). ASPC was effective in all but 1 case of pneumonia due to beta-lactamase-positive H. influenzae (effective rate; 96.7%). Adverse reactions and abnormalities of the laboratory tests were not associated with the ASPC therapy in any of the cases. The serum half-life of ASPC after an intravenous bolus injection was 0.883 +/- 0.194 hour and excretion into urine was rapid. From the present results, ASPC is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in patients with susceptible bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluations of aztreonam in children].

Aztreonam (AZT) was evaluated for its safety, clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics in children. AZT was effective in all the 16 children with Gram-negative bacterial infections. The diagnoses included acute bronchitis and pneumonia (11), UTI (2), UTI with bacteremia (1), purulent meningitis (1) and acute mucositis (1). The etiologic agents were H. influenzae (10), B. catarrhalis (1), N. meningitidis group C (1), E. coli (3) and P. aeruginosa (2). The serum half-life was approximately 1.2 hours after intravenous bolus injection. Penetration into the inflamed cerebrospinal fluid was good not only in acute purulent meningitis but also in viral meningitis. From the present study, AZT is a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric infections].

Sulbactam/cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ), a fifty-fifty combination of a beta-lactamase inhibitor, SBT, and an already marketed broad spectrum cephalosporin, CPZ, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 25 children. The diagnoses included purulent lymphadenitis, pneumonia, acute UTI, bacteremia and purulent meningitis. SBT/CPZ was effective in all the 20 cases with bacterial infections, but strains highly resistant to CPZ were not isolated in this study. The serum and cerebrospinal-fluid levels of SBT were grossly parallel with those of CPZ, and the half-life of the serum SBT was 0.754 hour. Although severe adverse reactions were not encountered with SBT/CPZ therapy, loose stools in 20% and diarrhea in 16% of the cases were observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical and pharmacokinetic study of ceftriaxone in pediatric bacterial infections].

Ceftriaxone (Ro 13-9904, CTRX) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 33 children with various bacterial infections including 10 cases of bacterial meningitis. CTRX was effective in all but 1 case who had acute mucositis due to a resistant strain of Enterobacter cloacae. The serum half-life (T1/2 beta) was 4.5 +/- 1.6 hours after an intravenous bolus injection in children. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of CTRX in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis were 7.69 +/- 4.75 mcg/ml. The only side effect was mild to moderate diarrhea observed in 10 of the 33 cases, but in no case was it necessary to discontinue the drug.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

[Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sulbactam/cefoperazone in the pediatric field].

Bacteriological and clinical effect of a newly developed SBT/CPZ in the treatment for pediatric patients was assessed by a study group consisting of 15 institutions. The results were as follows. Antibacterial effect Susceptibility studies were performed with 93 clinical isolates. The MIC of SBT/CPZ was one-tube inferior or almost similar to that of CPZ in susceptible organisms. In CPZ-resistant organisms at the inoculum of 10(8) cells/ml, however, SBT/CPZ was much superior to CPZ on the basis of the MIC. When the MIC of SBT/CPZ was compared to that of CPZ in 27 strains which have high beta-lactamase-producing activity, it was found that many of CPZ-resistant organisms were susceptible to SBT/CPZ. Serum concentration and urinary excretion The serum concentrations of SBT and CPZ were 33.2 micrograms/ml, respectively at 15 minutes after 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ was administered by intravenous bolus injection, and those of SBT and CPZ, 51.0 micrograms/ml and 108.3 micrograms/ml, respectively following 40 mg/kg SBT/CPZ therapy. The serum concentrations of CPZ were 2.1-2.4 times as high as those of SBT. The concentrations were dose-related. The half-lives of SBT and CPZ following 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ administration were 0.94 hour and 1.50 hours, respectively, and those following 40 mg/kg SBT/CPZ were 0.95 hour and 1.53 hours, respectively. There was no significant difference between 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg administrations. When compared between SBT and CPZ, CPZ had slightly longer half-lives. At the termination of 1 hour drip infusion of 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ, the serum concentrations of SBT and CPZ were 16.7 micrograms/ml and 40.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. In the case of 40 mg/kg, the levels of SBT and CPZ were 38.6 micrograms/ml and 94.9 micrograms/ml, respectively. The concentrations were found to be dose-related as were following intravenous bolus injections. The SBT half-lives obtained after 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg SBT/CPZ administrations were 1.39 hours and 0.89 hour, respectively; those of CPZ, 2.00 hours and 1.44 hours, respectively. The highest urinary concentration occurred 0-2 hours after intravenous bolus injections of 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg SBT/CPZ. Urinary excretion of SBT over 6 hours was 60.0% and 67.7%, and that of CPZ, 21.2% and 25.0%, indicating higher urinary excretion for SBT. When 20 mg/kg SBT/CPZ or 40 mg/kg was administered over 1 hour by drip infusion, urinary excretion became the highest at 1-3 hours after administration. Urinary excretion of SBT over 7 hours following 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg SBT/CPZ was 68.8% and 80.3%, respectively, and that of CPZ, 24.4% and 27.3%. The results were similar to those observed following intravenous bolus injections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of pediatric infections].

Ceftazidime (CAZ) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 31 children. Of the 25 confirmed bacterial infections, 23 were cured by the CAZ therapy (efficacy rate, 92%). CAZ was assessed as effective in acute pharyngitis with vomiting (4), acute laryngitis (1), pneumonia (8), urinary tract infections (5), acute gastroenteritis (1), infection accompanying acute leukemia (septicemia suspected) (1), acute purulent meningitis (2) and abscess of the lateral cervical cyst (1). The main pathogens which responded to CAZ were H. influenzae, S. pyogenes, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. As adverse events, mild melena with prolonged prothrombin time (1) was found to be associated with the CAZ therapy. Half-life of the CAZ serum level was 0.97 +/- 0.10 hours, and urinary excretion was high. Penetration into the CSF in 2 cases of acute purulent meningitis was satisfactory. The data suggest that CAZ is a safe and effective injectable antibiotic when used in children with infections of CAZ-susceptible bacteria including P. aeruginosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the pediatric infections].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone) was evaluated in 25 children with a suspicion of bacterial infections, of the 21 confirmed bacterial infections, 18 were shown to be effective (efficacy rate, 85.7%). The diagnosis included pneumonia (4), bronchopneumonia (3), acute bronchitis (4), acute pharyngitis (1), acute laryngitis (1), acute epiglottitis (1), acute enterocolitis (3), cervical lymphadenitis (1), acute pyelonephritis (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiologic pathogens recovered were Haemophilus influenzae (4), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Salmonella typhimurium (1), Salmonella subgenus (1), and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (2). Among these strains, 7 strains were eradicated after treatment. A case of suspected septicemia and 2 cases of acute enterocolitis with Salmonella infection were not effectively treated with T-1982. The serum half-life of T-1982 was 1.2 hours after an intravenous bolus injection. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the T-1982 therapy. The data suggest that T-1982 is an effective and safe parenteral antibiotic in the treatment of susceptible pediatric bacterial infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Comprehensive evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].

Fundamental and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic, were carried out under a joint study programme in pediatric field, and the following results were obtained. Pharmacokinetic study In 20 pediatric patients with normal renal function, weighing 15 to 48 kg, CTT was injected intravenously at 20 mg/kg in 3 to 5 minutes. The mean blood concentration of CTT was 215.6 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after the end of injection, 90.7 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 57.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33.9 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 10.2 micrograms/ml at 8 hours. The half-life of the drug in the beta-phase, computed from the mean blood concentrations up to 8 hours postdosing, was 2.61 hours. The peak of the mean urinary excretion of cefotetan appeared in 0 to 2 hours after the injection and 36.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine. The mean excretion at 0 to 8 hours was 68.1%. Clinical study Clinical effects of CTT was evaluated in 285 patients with 287 diseases, since 1 patient had both pneumonia and erysipelas, and another both pneumonia and acute otitis media. Daily dosage of CTT ranged from 15 to 123 mg/kg, and 266 patients (93.3%) received the drug either 2 or 3 times daily. The clinical response was seen in 83.3% of the 6 cases with sepsis, 89.3% of the 122 cases with pneumonia with or without pyothorax, 96.2% of the 52 cases with either acute bronchitis or tonsillitis, 92.5% of the 67 cases with urinary tract infection and 92.5% of the 40 cases with other infections. The causative organisms were detected in 160 patients and the rate of complete disappearance was 80.6%. Out of 310 patients, side effects were seen in 9 cases, diarrhea in 8 (2.6%) and rash in 1 (0.3%). Abnormal clinical laboratory findings were seen in 24 cases, elevation of serum transaminases in 19 (7.8%), elevation of TTT and LDH in 1 (0.4%) and eosinophilia in 4 (1.6%). None of these cases showed serious side effects or abnormal clinical laboratory findings. From the above results, it is concluded that CTT is one of the useful drug for treatment of infections in pediatric field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics].

Cefotetan (CTT), a new cephamycin antibiotic having a long serum half-life (2.93 +/- 0.78 hours), was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-four patients were treated with a daily dose of 30 to 100 mg/kg of CTT by intravenous administrations mostly in 2 divided doses. The diagnoses of the effective patients were acute bronchitis (5), pneumonia (4), acute urinary tract infections (4), acute enterocolitis (2), presumed septicemia (1), and phlegmon (1); and the effectiveness was 77.3%. The pathogens recovered from these patients were S. pneumoniae (1), H. influenzae (3), S. marcescens (1), E. coli (2), and K. oxytoca (1). CTT was not effective in staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema (each 1 case), in Pseudomonas pneumonia (2), and in a case of brain abscess and mastoiditis of unknown etiology. Diarrhea (2), and transient elevations of the serum GOT, GPT, and LDH (1) were associated with the CTT therapy, but no severe adverse reaction was encountered. The CSF level of CTT seemed to be lower among several new cephalosporins. From the present study, CTT appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. A twice-a-day schedule was recommended from its long serum half-life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of cefpiramide in pediatric].

Cefpiramide (CPM), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with good antipseudomonas activities, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 20 children with bacterial infections. The diagnoses of the patients included pneumonia (10), acute bronchitis (1), streptococcal pharyngitis (1), purulent cervical lymphadenitis (1), urinary tract infections (2), acute enterocolitis (1), infections in agranulocytosis and acute leukemia (2), and acute purulent meningitis (2). Of the 20 patients, 17 were cured by the CPM therapy. The main etiologic pathogens were H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, S. pneumoniae and E. coli. The serum half-life of CPM was 2.4 to 4.1 hours after an intravenous bolus injection. As an adverse reaction, diarrhea was encountered in 4 cases, and 1 of them experienced severe watery diarrhea with significant fecal colonization of K. oxytoca. The data suggest that CPM is an effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. Administrations divided in 2 to 3 dosages will be enough to maintain effective serum levels.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Cyclocytidine therapy for the herpes-group virus infection in children. A preliminary study].

Cyclocytidine (Cyclo-C) was evaluated as an antiviral chemotherapeutic agent in 10 children with herpes-group virus infections. The diagnoses of the patients were severe cytomegalovirus (CMV) syndrome with pneumonitis in acute leukemia (2), congenital or infantile CMV infections (3), herpes zoster encephalitis in acute leukemia (1), severe nosocomial varicella in compromised patients (2), varicella pneumonia (1) and acute encephalitis due to herpes simplex type-1 (1). Cyclo-C was effective in all the cases with acute infections, although it had no benefit on the course of chronic CMV infection with irreversible damages. However, complete or transient ceasing of viral shedding was obtained in all the 5 cases with CMV infections. From the present small open study, further evaluation of Cyclo-C as an antiviral agent especially in acute CMV infections is warranted.

Ancitabine↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of ceftizoxime in the pediatric infections (author's transl)].

Ceftizoxime (FK 749, CZX) was evaluated in 24 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 17 confirmed bacterial infections, 16 were shown to be effective (effective rate, 94.1%). The diagnosis included acute pharyngitis (2), pneumonia (6), staphylococcal empyema (1), cervical purulent lymphadenitis (2), acute enterocolitis (2), acute pyelonephritis (1), SSSS (1) and suspected septicemia (2). The etiological pathogens recovered were Streptococcus anginosus (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (3), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1) etc. A case of suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia was not effectively treated with CZX. The serum half-life of CZX was 1.36 hours after intravenous bolus infection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CZX was 6.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous bolus injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with the CZX therapy. The data suggest that CZX is an excellent candidate for the first choice parenteral antibiotic in the pediatric infections.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in the pediatric infections].

Cefmenoxime (CMX) was evaluated in 25 children with a suspicion of bacterial infection. Of the 20 confirmed bacterial infections, 19 were cured by CMX therapy (effective rate, 95%). The diagnoses included acute pharyngotonsillitis (4), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (7), streptococcal dacryocystitis (1), infections accompanied with acute leukemia (4), and acute urinary tract infections (3). The etiologic pathogens were beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A (1), and F (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (4), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), etc. CMX was very effective for 2 children with respiratory infections due to ampicillin resistant H. influenzae type b. The half life of serum concentration of CMX was 0.76 +/- 0.17 hour after an intravenous bolus injection. A cerebrospinal fluid level of CMX was 5.2 mcg/ml 1 hour after intravenous injection of 1 g (23.8 mg/kg) in a child with inflamed meninges. However this level was not as high as those of cefotaxime, latamoxef, or ceftizoxime measured in the same case. No severe adverse reaction was encountered with CMX therapy. The data suggest that CMX is a safe and effective parenteral antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical results of 9,3"-diacetylmidecamycin in the field of pediatrics (author's transl)].

MOM was administered at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg q.i.d. orally to 65 pediatric patients. These consisted of 37 cases of acute feverish respiratory tract infection, 13 cases of Mycoplasma infection, 1 case of scarlet fever and 14 cases of whooping cough. Forty pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the 37 patients with acute feverish respiratory tract infection and 1 pathogenic bacteria was isolated from the patient with scarlet fever. Thirty-five of these clinical isolates disappeared as a result of MOM administration. For these 65 cases, the clinical efficacy was good in 51 cases (78.5%), fair in 5 cases (all whooping cough) and poor in 9 cases. Twelve strains of St. pyogenes were isolated from 12 cases and 3 of these isolates persisted (25%). Ten strains of S. aureus were isolated from 10 cases and 1 of these isolates persisted. Superinfection was observed in 3 cases, 2 of which were the same species. Although the clinical effect in the 40 mg/kg/day treatment group was superior to the effects in the 20 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day treatment groups, the difference was not statistically significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in Pseudomonas infections in children].

Cefsulodin (CFS) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 14 children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The diagnoses included pneumonia (4), sepsis (1), presumed sepsis (4), acute postoperative ascending cholangitis (1), acute postoperative peritonitis with wandering pneumonia (1), acute enterocolitis with acute UTI (1), recurrent UTI (1), and acute cystitis (1). CFS was administered intravenously with a daily dose of 93 to 299 mg/kg in the cases with normal renal functions. CFS was effective in all but one case both clinically and bacteriologically. A case of pneumonia whose isolate was resistant to CFS responded poorly. Mild transient eosinophilia was observed in 3 cases, but no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Peak MIC values of 18 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were 1.56 mcg/ml, 0.39 to 0.78 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml for CFS, gentamicin, and sulbenicillin, respectively. A half life of the serum CFS levels was 1.09 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 20 to 25 mg/kg of CFS (n = 2). A cerebrospinal-fluid level and biliary levels measured in cases with inflamed meninges or with cholangitis were well above the MIC value. From the present study, CFS appeared to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible Pseudomonas infections. Combined use of another antibiotic should be considered in the case with polymicrobial infections because of the CFS's very narrow spectrum.

Adolescent↗