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Biomedical subjects

H Meguro

Publications and source records attributed to H Meguro.

141 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam therapy in children (author's transl)].

Cefotiam (CTM) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-six patients were treated with 40 to 200 mg/kg per day of CTM by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (4), empyema (2), urinary tract infection (2), typhoid fever (1), acute enterocolitis (2), partially-treated purulent meningitis (1), and suspected septicemia in neuroblastoma (1); and the remaining ten patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (1), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), Salmonella typhi (1), and Campylobacter jejuni (1). All but two patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CTM therapy, and the rate of efficacy was 87.5%. Diarrhea (3), urticaria (1), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (1), and transient eosinophilia (3) were found to be associated with the CTM therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum CTM level was 0.93 +/- 0.13 hours, and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 1 hour after an intravenous injection of 21 mg/kg of CTM in a case with inflamed meninges was 1.5 mcg/ml, and the CSF/serum ratio was 9.0%. From these data, CTM appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical evaluation of 6059-S therapy in children (author's transl)].

A new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam derivative, 6059-S, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-five patients were treated with 10 to 274 mg/kg per day of 6059-S by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (2), pneumonia (4), pertussis (4), acute enterocolitis (2), recurrent urinary tract infection (2), suspected septicemia (3), and acute purulent meningitis (1); and the remaining 5 patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Enterobacter aerogenes (1), Proteus morganii (1), Psuedomonas aeruginosa (2) and Salmonella typhimurium (1). All the patients of bacterial infections were cured after the 6059-S therapy. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium were not eradicated after the 6059-S therapy, and the rate of bacterial disappearance was 75%. Diarrhea (3), precordial pain (2, only in cases with high-dose therapy), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (2), and transient eosinophilia (2) were found to be associated with the 6059-S therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum 6059-S level was 1.34 +/- 0.16 hours. CSF concentrations in a case with Haemophilus influenzae meningitis ranged 4.0 to 9.7 mcg/ml after an intravenous injection of 34.3 to 75 mg/kg of 6059-S. From the present study, 6059-S appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections. It remains to be further determined whether 6059-S is superior to ABPC in the treatment of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Investigation of the heterogeneity of heterogalactan from the fruit bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola, by employing concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography.

A heterogalactan was isolated from the hot water extract of fruit bodies of Fomitopsis pinicola by a combination of fractionation procedures including precipitation with ethanol and with Cetavlon, and chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. Despite its apparent homogeneity on gel filtration, zone electrophoresis, sedimentation equilibration, and immunodiffusion analyses, the neutral component of heterogalactan was further fractionated into unbound, weakly bound, and strongly bound forms by affinity chromatography on a column of concanavalin A-Sepharose CL 4B. The former two polysaccharides fractions eluted with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were found to be a fucogalactan and a mannofucogalactan, respectively. A more tightly bound fraction (mannofucogalactan) was subsequently eluted with 0.1 M glucose in 1 M NaCl. The results of methylation, complete Smith degradation, and proton and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses indicated that the three kinds of heterogalactans are all highly branched polysaccharides containing a framework of (1 leads to 6)-linked alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residues, the C-2 positions of which are substituted in different proportions with either single L-fucopyranosyl residues or disaccharide units of 3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl-L-fucopyranose residues.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in children (author's transl)].

Cefoxitin (CFX) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Fifteen patients were treated with 73-125 mg/kg per day of CFX by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (4), pneumonia (2), pertussis and pneumonia (1), urinary tract infection (3); and the remaining 5 patients were esteemed to have nonbacterial infections. All the 10 patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CFX therapy. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (3), Haemophilus influenzae (2), Escherichia coli (2), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1). All the strains isolated were susceptible to CFX, but the 2 isolates of Haemophilus influenzae had relatively high MIC values (12.5 mcg/ml). Diarrhea (3 cases) and transient neutropenia (1 case) were found to be associated with the CFX therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half-life of the serum level was short (24.1 minutes) and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 30 minutes after an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg of CFX in 1 case with inflamed meninges was considerably high (8.3 mcg/ml). CFX appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Canine kidney cell line for isolation of respiratory viruses.

By means of a continuous canine kidney cell line (MDCK), influenza viruses were rapidly isolated from specimens collected from patients with respiratory disease. The cell line proved more sensitive than either eggs or rhesus monkey cells for currently circulating influenza A and B strains. Influenza viruses caused a distinct cytopathology within 5 days of inoculation if trypsin-ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid was incorporated into the medium. Sufficient hemagglutinin was produced on the initial tissue culture passage to allow direct identification of isolates by hemagglutinin inhibition tests. A variety of other respiratory viruses replicated in MDCK, and over a 10-month period 211 of 600 specimens (35%) yielded viruses.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus: characterization of in vitro and in vivo properties.

An in vitro 51Cr release assay for human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HeLa cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been characterized by using leukophoresed and adherent cell-depleted adult lymphocytes. Lymphoytes from RSV seronegative children were also competent as effector cells. Sera from children with :1) primary and recurrent natural RSV infections, or 2) live attenuated RSV vaccine infection were examined to characterize the behavior of ADCC antibody in vivo. After natural RSV infection ADCC antibody rose and fell more rapidly than neutralizing antibody. In two children undergoing primary RSV infection with attenuated vaccine, neutralizing antibody was formed in the absence of detectable ADCC antibody. The nonparallel behavior of ADCC and neutralizing antibodies suggests the heterogeneity of either the antigen involved or the mechanism of antibody production in the two antibody systems.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

No association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

The development of diabetic nephropathy shows marked variation among individuals. Not only hyperglycemia, but also genetic factors may contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is involved in remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. Decreased activity of MTHFR which can result in hyperhomocysteinemia may lead to cerebrovascular disease and coronary artery disease. Recently, a common C to T mutation at nucleotide position 677 of the MTHFR gene (MTHFR677CT) has been reported to be correlated with hyperhomocysteinemia and the severity of coronary artery disease as macroangiopathy. In the present study, we recruited 173 of Japanese type II diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who would be exposed to long-term hyperglycemia, and examined the contribution of the MTHFR gene polymorphism to the development of diabetic nephropathy as microangiopathy. The frequency of the mutated allele was 43.3% in patients with nephropathy (n = 105) versus 41.9% in those without nephropathy (n = 68). The genotype frequencies were +/+, 16.2%; +/-, 54.3%; -/-, 29.5% in patients with nephropathy versus +/+, 13.2%; +/-, 57.4%; -/-, 29.4% in those without nephropathy (+ indicates the presence of the mutation). The MTHFR genotype and allele frequencies were not significantly different between patients with and without nephropathy. Therefore, we conclude that the MTHFR gene polymorphism is not associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type II diabetic patients.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishment of feeder-independent cloned caprine trophoblast cell line which expresses placental lactogen and interferon tau.

A feeder-independent cloned trophoblast cell line, HTS-1, was established from a mature placenta of Shiba goat (Capra hircus). During the growth phase, single HTS-1 cells exhibited ruffled membranes or lamellipodia often accompanied by elongated cell shape, indicating highly motile nature of the cells. At or near confluence, HTS-1 cells formed monolayers with few sign of cellular overlapping. Binucleate cells were found at a high frequency especially in the peripheral regions of monolayers. In small colonies and the monolayers, majority of HTS-1 cells assumed polygonally shaped cobble-stone like morphology characteristic to epithelial cells, although considerable variations in cellular morphology were observed despite of repeated cloning. Time-lapse video recordings of HTS-1 cells during culture revealed that not only the small colonies but also the monolayers near or at confluence were remarkably motile, often causing extreme elongation of the cells within them. The extremely plastic nature of HTS-1 cells in vitro is likely to be the reflection of the extraordinary capacity of caprine trophoblast cells to be stretched to extreme thinness in vivo as shown by electron microscopy. HTS-1 cells cultured on matrigel are highly invasive, and express MT1-MMP which, in the mouse, has been known to be expressed at the invasive edge of trophoblast both in vitro and in vivo. HTS-1 cells express placental lactogen (PL) and interferon-tau (IFNtau), as confirmed by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. Both PL and IFNtau expression in the cells appeared to be down-regulated by cell-cell contact. In the medium conditioned by HTS-1 cells, the presence of secretory form of PL and IFNtau was confirmed by Western blotting. The HTS-1 cell line will serve as a useful in vitro model for the analysis of the molecular and/or cellular mechanisms underlying synepitheliochorial placentation in bovidae animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorometric determination of total and bound sulfite in wine by N-(9-acridinyl)maleimide.

N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide (NAM) reacts with sulfite in wine and gives strong fluorescent derivatives that lead to highly sensitive fluorometry of both total and bound sulfite in wine. Values of free and bound sulfite in wine determined by the NAM method and the modified Rankine method agreed. Sulfite was determined in < 200 microL wine within 2 h.

Fluorometry↗