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Biomedical subjects

H Odeberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Odeberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Opportunistic screening for hypercholesterolaemia with participants selected by the general practitioner. Inclusion and drop-out rate.

The objective of this study was to evaluate a method for opportunistic hypercholesterolaemia screening in primary care. At Lyckeby Primary Health Care Centre in Southern Sweden, where six general practitioners provide care to a population of 15,706 inhabitants, screening of patients aged 25-59 years was integrated with regular case-finding for hypertension. The specific characteristic of the programme was that the general practitioner adjusted, from day to day, the inclusion rate to actual resources. The study evaluated implementation during 3 years; after this time, 27 per cent of the target population was included. The included portion of those who visited the centre was 48% between ages 40 and 59 years, and 20% of those between 25 and 39 years. Compliance with the follow-up protocol differed according to age and risk group. The reattendance rates were better for those aged 40-59 years compared to the younger. It is concluded that opportunistic screening is most feasible in ages 40-59 years, while for younger people traditional population strategies may be preferable. If integrated with regular case-finding and treatment follow-up for hypertension, which are long well established components of general practice, no extra resources are needed for implementation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Social network and social support predict improvement of physical working capacity in rehabilitation of patients with first myocardial infarction.

A cohort of 50 patients under 70 years of age who had suffered their first myocardial infarction (MI) entered an exercise-based rehabilitation programme. An extensive personal interview concerning psychosocial factors, including social network and social support, as well as an assessment of an array of clinical and laboratory variables was made before the patients were discharged from the hospital. A follow-up 6 months later of the 40 patients that completed the programme showed that material social support and social anchorage at baseline predicted improvement in physical working capacity, independently from age, gender and important clinical variables. The authors conclude that psychosocial factors could be predictors of equal importance as many of the standard risk factors and clinical assessments in the rehabilitation of a majority of post-MI patients. It is suggested that training programmes should provide opportunities for involvement of the patients' social network, in order to benefit from optimal social support during the rehabilitation process.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

S-erythropoietin levels decrease in patients with chronic hypoxia starting domiciliary oxygen therapy.

Consecutive determinations of erythropoietin in serum (s-Epo) were made in ten patients with chronic hypoxia starting domiciliary long-term oxygen therapy (LTO). After 24 h of supplementary oxygen treatment there was a fall in the median s-Epo level from 11.3 to 4.4 IU.l-1 (p less than 0.01). The initial decrease in s-Epo in conjunction with oxygen treatment was not sustained after one and three months of LTO. S-Epo levels above the reference range (3.3-13.5 IU.l-1) were found in three patients before and during LTO and in another two patients during LTO. Markedly elevated s-Epo levels were found in two patients with hypoxia and hypercapnia at the time of blood sampling. A significant negative relationship was found between the arterial oxygen tension and the log value for the s-Epo level (r = 0.40, p less than 0.005). The s-Epo levels were found to be normal in half of the measurements in patients using oxygen less than 15 h daily, a fact that indicates that s-Epo measurements are probably not suitable as indicators of compliance with LTO.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Studies on blood viscosity during the menstrual cycle and in the postmenopausal period in healthy women.

Blood viscosity was measured in 14 healthy, menstruating women, aged 17-51 years and in 10 healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 55-64 years. The fertile women were studied once a week during a normal menstrual cycle and the postmenopausal women twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Blood viscosity was measured at natural hematocrit as well as at hematocrit 45%. In the postmenopausal women no changes in blood viscosity were found. In the fertile women, blood viscosity at hematocrit 45% was lowest at the start of the menstrual bleeding and increased to a peak at day 7 (p less than 0.01), with a similar pattern when measured at natural hematocrit. Plasma viscosity also had its lowest value at the onset of menstrual bleeding, increasing to a maximum at day 21. Changes in plasma triglycerides, but not in fibrinogen or cholesterol, seemed to contribute to this increase. Plasma factors only partly explained the variations in blood viscosity, and changes in red cell properties were also found to be of importance. The clinical significance of these rheological changes remains to be established, but at least theoretically there may be an increased risk for thromboembolism, e.g. at surgery, during days 5-15 of the cycle. In studies on blood flow and rheological conditions in fertile women, it seems advisable to standardize for time in the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Incidental screening--a rational basis for integrated prevention of cardiovascular diseases].

This study at the Lyckeby Primary Health Center, Sweden, demonstrates the feasibility of extended incidental cardiovascular risk-factor screening and intervention. The results indicate that a substantial proportion of the population at risk is detected. After one year 1,008 patients, of a total population of about 7,000 aged between 25 and 59 years, have been screened. Individual advice on non-drug therapies and regular follow-up by a nurse was offered to 41 per cent of these individuals, due to findings of raised blood pressure and/or serum cholesterol.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Increased whole blood and plasma viscosity in patients with angina pectoris and "normal" coronary arteries.

Blood and plasma viscosity was measured in eight patients with typical effort-induced angina pectoris who did not have coronary artery stenosis at angiography. The same variables were studied in 14 patients with angina pectoris and verified coronary artery disease that in most cases was extensive. Both groups of patients had significantly higher viscosity values in whole blood, at natural hematocrit as well as standardized hematocrit (45%), than 25 healthy subjects serving as a reference group. Plasma viscosity was also significantly elevated in both patient groups. The patients without coronary artery stenosis had as high blood and plasma viscosity values as had the stenosis group. It is concluded that increased blood and plasma viscosity should be added to the list of pathological findings in patients with angina pectoris in the absence of organic coronary artery stenosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Reversal of increased whole blood and plasma viscosity after treatment of hypothyroidism in man.

Blood and plasma viscosity was measured in 13 patients with hypothyroidism before and during replacement therapy with l-thyroxine. Blood viscosity was measured at natural hematocrit and after adjustment to 40%. The values were compared to those of 12 healthy subjects. Both blood viscosity at hematocrit 40% and plasma viscosity were increased in the hypothyroid state and decreased to the levels of the reference group after treatment. The therapy-induced changes in blood and plasma viscosity were intercorrelated at low but not at high shear rates. The changes in viscosity were not correlated to the reductions in lipoprotein concentrations resulting from therapy. The institution of l-thyroxine replacement therapy was also followed by reductions in erythrocyte sedimentation rate and diastolic blood pressure, both with significant correlations to the decrease in blood viscosity. It is concluded that in hypothyroidism there are changes in both plasma and erythrocytes that increase blood viscosity, with normalization upon treatment with l-thyroxine to euthyroidism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Reduced opsonisation of protein A containing Staphylococcus aureus in sera with cryoglobulins from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus.

Among a total of 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 11 of 14 patients with active disease had reduced capacity (p less than 0.05) to opsonify Staphylococcus aureus in undiluted sera, as compared with nine of 27 patients with inactive disease (p less than 0.02). The opsonic reduction in the active patients increased with the number of active organ systems (p less than 0.002). No correlation was found between reduced opsonisation and corticosteroid treatment, or serum concentrations of complement components (C) of the classical pathway, or bacteria-associated activated C3. When the cryoglobulin fraction of immune complexes (IC) was removed, normal opsonic capacity was restored, and the opsonic reduction could be transferred with the cryoglobulins to pooled serum. Increased IC values, as measured by C1q binding assay, were found in conjunction with reduced opsonic capacity (p less than 0.04). Since opsonisation in SLE sera of a protein A deficient strain of S. aureus was normal, reduced S. aureus phagocytosis in SLE sera may be explained by IC binding to staphylococcal protein A.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes. Determination of viable extracellular bacteria by their incorporation of 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine.

A method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte function based on the combined determination of total and extracellular bacteria is described. The total number of surviving bacteria is assessed by the determination of colony forming units (CFU) after hypotonic lysis of granulocytes. Extracellular viable bacteria can be determined by the incorporation of 14C-leucine or 3H-thymidine into bacterial macromolecules since there is a linear relationship between macromolecular synthesis and bacterial number and insignificant amounts of both 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine is taken up by intracellular viable organisms. This method might be suitable for the differentiation of defects in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of various bacteria.

Cell Extracts↗
PubMed1976

Mechanisms for the microbicidal activity of cationic proteins of human granulocytes.

One oxygen-independent antimicrobial system of human granulocytes consists of granular chymotropsin-like cationic proteins possessing heat-stable microbicidal activity. For elucidation of the mode of action of the cationic protein, effects on bacterial synthesis of macromolecules, ion transport, and oxygen consumption have been studied. Inhibition of incorporation of radioactive precursors into protein, ribonulceic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was found concomitantly with inhibition of colony formation. Cationic protein inhibited 86Rb+ influx but did not increase the leakage of intracellular 86Rb+, indicating inhibition of energy-dependent membrane transport without a breakdown of the semipermeable character of the membrane. Oxygen consumption was inhibited. Mg2+ and Ca2+ displayed a protective effect against the microbicidal activity, indicating the operation of charge interactions between cationic protein and bacterial surface. The various effects of cationic protein were more pronounced with S. aureus than with E. coli, parallelling the microbicidal activity.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1976

Microbicidal mechanisms of human granulocytes: synergistic effects of granulocyte elastase and myeloperoxidase or chymotrypsin-like cationic protein.

The antibacterial activity of a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-glucose oxidase system was found to be greatly increased by granulocyte elastase, present in azurophil granules of human neutrophils. The MPO-H2O3-mediated killing of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was potentiated by granuocyte elastase at an acid pH, whereas at pH 7.4 only killing of E. coli was potentiated. The potentiating effect of elastase was not dependent on the enzymatic properties of the protein since it was not abolished by heating, which destroys the enzymatic activity. A peptide chloromethyl ketone elastase inhibitor abolished both elastolytic activity and the pctentiating effects on MPO-H2-O2-mediated bacterial killing. The antibacterial activity of chymotrypsin-like cationic protein of human neutrophils was also potentiated by elastase. Other degradative enzymes isolated from human granulocytes, e.g., collagenase and lysozyme, did not potentiate MPO-H2O2-mediated or cationic protein-dependent bacterial killing. The present study indicates that a neutrophil constitutent, elastase, which is not microbicidal by itself, can initiate sublethal changes that render some microorganisms more susceptible to the action of microbicidal agents like MPO and chymotrypsin-like cationic protein.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1976

Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukemia. II. Bactericidal capacity, phagocytic rate, oxygen consumption, and granule protein composition in isolated granulocytes.

The initial rate of phagocytosis, oxygen consumption rate during phagocytosis, bactericidal capacity against Escherichia coli, and the granule protein composition of isolated mature-appearing granulocytes were studied in 23 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. The initial rate of phagocytosis was decreased (p less than 0.05) in the CGL patient group, as were oxygen consumption rate (p less than 0.001) and bactericidal capacity (p less than 0.001). Kinetic analysis of the ingestion rate showed CGL granulocytes to have the same capacity to bind the particles as normal granulocytes. Both specific and primary granule protein deficiencies were shown for CGL granulocytes, and these deficiencies were more pronounced at or near blast cell transformation. Analysis of all different granulocyte function parameters showed an inverse correlation to white blood cell counts (p less than 0.01) and to the percentage of immature granulocytes in peripheral blood (p less than 0.001). The leukocytosis doubling time was progressively shortened during the chronic course of the disease. A correlation was found between granulocyte function parameters and leukocytosis doubling time (p less than 0.001), indicating that granulocyte function was progressively deteriorating during chronic phase CGL, and may be an expression of increasing disturbance of the differentiation process.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1975

Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. I. Bactericidal and metabolic capabilities during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes.

The ingestion, bactericidal activity and metabolism of isolated mature neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis was studied in 17 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. Seven patients had received no treatment and the others had been treated previously with Busulphan. The phagocytic indices for killed yeast cells did not differ from those of the controls. A diminished bactericidal activity against E. coli was found in nine CGL cases. The bactericidal capacity closely correlated with the degree of leucocytosis since patients with a WBC count of 90 000/mul or higher with one exception showed decreased bactericidal activities while patients with WBC counts below 90 000/mul with two exceptions showed normal bactericidal activities. The [I-14C]-glucose oxidation during phagocytosis was increased in four patients and decreased in three patients. Some correlation was found between abnormally high or low [I-14C]glucose oxidation and diminished bactericidal activity. The intracellular iodination reaction during phagocytosis was decreased in 10 cases while the extracellular iodination was increased in six cases and decreased in one case. The data for granulocyte iodination did not correlate with WBC count, bactericidal capacity or [I-14C]glucose oxidation. The time course for the bactericidal activity and granulocyte iodination seemed to deviate from the controls indicating a slow initial ingestion and/or degranulation phase. The CGL granulocyte content of myeloperoxidase was normal or increased, the lysozyme content was decreased in half of the cases while the amount of antibacterial cationic proteins was increased, normal or low. The present findings indicate a variety of abnormalities in the mature CGL granulocyte, which are not closely interrelated.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗