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Biomedical subjects

H R Mühlemann

Publications and source records attributed to H R Mühlemann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Damaging effects of toothbrush bristle end form on gingiva.

The ability of two different toothbrush bristle ends to produce traumatic gingival abrasion was assessed in a double blind study of 15 male and 15 female young adults. Brushing was performed in a circular fashion using a modified Bass Technique. An apparatus allowing continuous visual feedback of the average brushing force permitted a degree of standardization of the system. The upper left canine and bicuspid area had to be brushed for 30 seconds with cut toothbrush bristles (CP) and with round ended toothbrush bristles (RP) respectively. A two week interval separated the two brushing sessions. Traumatic lesions of the attached gingiva were stained with a disclosing solution, photographed and evaluated planimetrically. The "cut bristles" caused gingival abrasions 30% greater in extent than the round end bristles. The difference was not due to single brushing strokes accidentally greater for the "cut bristles". The size of the lesions was not sex dependent. To prevent gingival damage it is desirable to either round the bristles in production or to rid the bristle ends at least of sharp edges.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Changes in dentistry].

Although collective and individual prophylactic measures have been shown to drastically reduce or totally prevent dental caries and periodontal disease, a recent survey of over a thousand twenty-year olds from all areas in Switzerland revealed an average DMFT value of 14.5, including 8.6 teeth already filled. Alarmingly, more than two thirds of all the proximal fillings examined radiographically were inadequate and therefore sources of marginal irritation. Dentistry in the future must accordingly concentrate on increased primary prevention and, where restorations are necessary, on placing restorations that will not lead to secondary caries and destructive marginal periodontitis. These goals can be most economically achieved through a team approach where the dentist delegates to his (or her) dental hygienist and specially trained chairside assistant the tasks of radiological and clinical diagnosis of caries and of marginal irritants in order to interfere with the progress of periodontal disease. The dentist, in addition, freed from administrative tasks by electronic data processing, will direct the team, and his practice will, in the future, fall into one of two large areas: preventive dentistry and/or pedodontics of curative gnathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Identification of mass disaster victims: the Swiss identification system.

A new, simple, and reliable forensic identification system has been described. It permits the rapid and positive identification of victims of catastrophies such as airplane accidents, battles, floods, and fires. An electronic microprocessing unit directs a mechanical engraver to encode up to 13 alphanumeric characters on a small gold disk 0.25 mm thick and 2.0 mm in diameter. The identification chip is sealed in a 0.8-mm deep cavity prepared with a specially designed diamond burr in the lingual enamel of a molar tooth. The sealant is a stained composite material shown experimentally to be leakage proof, fire resistant, and readily detectable in teeth exposed to high temperatures. At the identification center the gold disk can easily be recovered and the victim positively identified without recourse to time-consuming comparison of dental records. Minimal training is required for the forensic personnel.

Color↗
PubMed1978

[Gingival injuries from toothbrush bristles].

The ability of two different toothbrush bristle ends to produce traumatic gingival abrasion was assessed in a double blind study on 15 male and 15 female young adults. Brushing was performed in a circular fashion using a modified Bass technique. An apparatus allowing continuous visual feedback of the average brushing force permitted a degree of standardisation of the system. The upper left canine and bicuspid area had to be brushed for 30 seconds with cut toothbrush bristles (CP) and with round ended toothbrush bristles (RP) respectively. A two-week interval separated the two brushing sessions. Traumatic lesions of the attached gingiva were stained with a disclosing solution, photographed and evaluated planimetrically. The "cut bristles" caused gingival abrasions 30% greater in extent than the round end bristles. The difference was not due to single brushing strokes accidentally greater for the "cut bristles". The size of the lesions was not sex-dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Erosion and abrasion of the dental enamel. Experimental study].

The clinical aspects, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of dental erosions in man and experimental animals are reviewed. Abrasion of enamel, softened in orange juice for 3 minutes and brushed with various dentifrices, was studied with Knoop hardness measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Knoop indentations made on softened enamel surfaces were almost totally removed by 2-minute brushings with highly abrasive tooth pastes. Brushing without dentifrices only slightly changed the distinctness of the indentation outlines. Recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of erosions are given.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Marginal adaptation and microleakage of thixotropic and injection-capsule composites, an in vitro study.

The marginal integrity of MOD adhesive restorations of a thixotropic test composite (ZKP-A-5) and of two injection-capsule composites (Concise -capsule composite and Compocap-S) was examined. Dy penetration tests measured microleakage and scanning electron microscope evaluated marginal adaptation. The test restorations showed no improved micromorphological marginal adaptation when compared to those of a standard paste-paste composite (Concise). Compocap-S demonstrated better prevention of microleakage than did the other test preparations. The marginal quality of these thixotropic and injection-capsule composite restorations was improved from 34% to 52% with utilization of a sealer application (ZKP-A-2), (Concise-Enamel Bond). The application of a sealer prior to insertion of thixotropic and injection-capsule composites is, therefore, definitely indicated when these materials are used. The resultant restorations obtained with these test materials plus sealer correspond qualitatively to those of standard composites Concise or Adaptic [6,7]. The newly developed, complete composite systems (Nimetic, GC's Epolite 100/Epobond) demonstrated in comparison to Concise and Adaptic [6,7] inferior results.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1978

The oral clearance of chlorhexidine solutions and gels.

The oral clearance of 4 chlorhexidine (CH) preparations was investigated. Two 0.2% CH-solutions, Plak-Out liquid, a 10% alcoholic CH-solution and an aqueous ICI-Hibitane solution were compared with two chlorhexidine gels, Corsodyl gel (0.1%) and a test CH-gel (1.0%) prepared in this laboratory. Thirty subjects, 17 to 57 years of age and exhibiting a variety of oral hygiene conditions, participated in supervised rinsing with CH-solutions and toothbrushing with gels carried out at weekly intervals to eliminate carry-over effects. Mixed saliva samples were taken 7.5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes following each administration and were analysed spectrophotometrically. The relative oral CH-retention values were for Plak-Out liquid 91%, aqueous Hibitane solution 69%, Corsodyl gel 46% and with the laboratory chlorhexidine gel 37%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Hemolysis in vitro by sorbose, sorbitol and xylitol.

L-sorbose, xylitol and sorbitol solutions (56 mM) were not hemolytic when incubated with erythrocytes of 30 healthy volunteers, 14 thalassemic heterozygotes and in 30 horses, 30 cows and 30 Osborne-Mendel rats. Lysis of dog erythrocytes was most pronounced when incubated with L-sorbose but was also significant in xylitol and sorbitol solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cariogenicity and acidogenicity of food, confectionery and beverages.

The advantage of pH-telemetry of plaque and mixed saliva in the evaluation of the cariogenic potential is that, in contrast to in vitro measurements, in vivo telemetry discriminates among pH variations in plaque and saliva as a result of substrate fermentation and those due to dietary acids, acids formed by the oral mucosal microflora and adequately registers salivary buffers. This is illustrated with a summary of acido- hypo- and nonacidogenic products tested.

Acids↗
PubMed1977

Endosteal oral implantology: two-year results of mobility and hysteresis measurements; A human study.

Clinical experience with tooth mobility measurements for assessment of periodontal health was employed in evaluating endosteal implant status. Mobility and hysteresis measurements of 14 implants in 11 patients were carried out regularly during a 2-year period. Immediate postsurgical implant post displacement was 5 hundreths of a millimeter (5.10(-2) mm). After 1, 6, and 24 months, mobility had increased to 13, 21, and 54.10(-2) mm respectively. Viscoelastic recoil patterns were recognized as diagnostic indicators of profound changes in the biophysical properties of periimplant environment.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗