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Biomedical subjects

H R Mühlemann

Publications and source records attributed to H R Mühlemann.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[The development of the perfectly adapted MOD composite filling material with tight marginal fitting in vitro findings].

Class II Adhesive Restorations have been realized with composites under laboratory conditions. They show a perfect marginal adaptation and no microleakage at the tooth/restoration interface. These properties were obtained a) with a new cavity preparation, b) by application of a low viscosity sealant prior to the placement of the bulk of the composite material. The Adhesive Restoration compared favorably with conventionally prepared restorations. Nevertheless, enamel conditioning with acid and the use of a low viscosity sealant in conventionally prepared class II cavities resulted also in some improvement of marginal adaptation.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1976

[Sugar-free, tooth-protecting chewing gum and candy. Results of a 7-year study].

Experiences of 7 years with sugarless chewing gums and lozenges (tab. I and II) regarding their tooth protective properties are reported. Telemetry of interproximal plaque pH allows to assess acid formation from carbohydrates by plaque bacteria under almost natural conditions. Altogether, 5 chewing gums and 8 lozenges containing sorbitol or mixtures of sorbitol and hydrogenated oligosaccharides were investigated. Lowest pH values during and after chewing sugarless gums varied between pH 6.0 and 7.3. When sucking sugarless lozenges the recorded pH values were between 5.8 and 7.0. In contrast to lozenges, the consumption of sugarless chewing gums becomes particularly important due to their greater stimulation of saliva and buffering capacity of oral fluid. All products tested did not acidify interproximal plaque below the critical pH and therefore comply with the regulations of the Swiss Federal Health Authorities with respect to the labeling or marketed sweets with "safe for teeth". New non-fermentable sugar-replacing substrates are being developed. Their utilization in foodstuffs and sweets is being discussed.

Candy↗
PubMed1975

Coronally repositioned periodontal flap. Clinical evaluation after one year.

After increasing the width of the attached gingiva by free palatal mucosa transplants, 20 procedures with coronal flap repositioning were performed on 41 teeth with gingival recessions in 13 young adults. The amount of gingival recession and the clinical gingival sulcus depth were measured pre-operatively and 1, 6 and 12 months after surgery; the amount of osseous dehiscence was measured during surgery. No significant differences were found among reduction values of gingival recession by reattachment 1, 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Although a significant correlation was found between the degree of gingival recession preoperatively and 1 month post-operatively, non was found between the amount of alveolar bone dehiscence and gingival recession 1 month post-operatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Motivation and education].

It was thought for many years that successful motivation in oral health should be based on the knowledge of epidemiology of caries and periodontal diseases and the methods of prevention. One should learn from mistakes: 95 per cent of the Swiss population "suffers" from caries and periodontal disease but apparently this had little impact on prevention. Simple, world-wide accepted methods of prevention are not used by the majority although they provide a pronounced reduction of caries and gingivitis. The number of Swiss communities which offer adequate preventive programs to schoolchildren ranges between 5 to 10 per cent. Although the budgets of school dental services could be lowered by 75%. Reasons for such failures may be inadequate information of dentists, authorities and the population. Not enough information is spread regarding sugarless sweets, or prevention by fluoride. Unsuccessful motivation probably also lies in the inadequate assignment of the roles ofthe patient, his dentist and the social security. So far only the dentist has formulated oral health duties to the patient, e.g. a better oral hygiene, a reasonable healthy nutrition. In the future the patient should have the right to ask the dentist some questions. Is his dentition at the end of a treatment, healthy and ready to render hygienic efforts effective? Patient, doctor and insurances should know that disease still exists if gingival papillae bleed upon using a toothpick. Absence or presence of gingival bleeding are the criteria for health or disease. A check list of the state of oral health and a signed questionnaire concerning the patient's knowledge of oral health are used to improve motivation of both patient and dentist.

Dental Hygienists↗
PubMed1975

Effect of enamel solubility reducing agents on erosion in the rat.

Three experiments performed on Osborne-Mendel rats tested the effects on erosion of the topical application of aluminum, cerium and titanium salts as well as sodium fluoride and sodium mono-fluorophosphate. In two experiments the compounds were applied during the erosion period and in a third trial, the test substances were applied prior to exposure to the erosive agent which was fermented apple juice. While cerium had no significant effects on erosion, aluminum fhloride and titanium chloride significantly increased the severity of erosive tooth destruction. Only sodium fluoride and sodium mono-fluorophosphate were effective in preventing erosion.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

Reflectometry and micromorphology of polished, etched and repolished teeth.

Labial enamel surfaces of anterior teeth were polished, etched for thirty seconds with acid and then repolished by manual brushing with three different abrasive pastes for 10, 15, 15, 20, and 20 seconds respectively and finally for a 60-sec brushing with a dental engine. Before etching and following each paste treatment, the light reflection of the surfaces was measured with the scanning tooth surface reflectometer of GABATHULER. The reflectance values were compared with the microscopic tooth surface texture. Reflectometric findings were similar under in vitro and in vivo conditions. There were differences among the pastes in restoring maximum lustre of dull etched enamel, but not in polishing intact tooth surfaces.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The gingivitis iron test.

Mixed saliva stimulated by mastication was sampled under standardized conditions in 50 recruits before and after a 10-day period of intensified oral hygiene. The degree of gingivitis was assessed (1) with the Sulcus Bleeding Index and (2) with the spectrophotometric determination of blood iron in the saliva samples. Oral hygiene reduced (1) the SBI from 1.1+/-0.6 to 0.6+/-0.4 and (2) salivary iron from 0.6+/-0.5 to 0.3+/-0.4 mug, both differences being highly significant (PF is less than 0.001). SBI and iron data were significantly but not strongly correlated (r=51).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The precision of three enamel biopsy methods for fluoride determination.

3 different enamel biopsy methods were tested on 2 maxillary permanent incisors on each of 90 schoolchildren. In methods A and B the round biopsy field was bordered by copalite varnish, while method C utilized a scotch tape border. The biopsy itself resulted from etching the enamel surface with 2N perchloric acid for 7 sec for method A, and 14 sec for methods B and C. Flouride was measured with the fluoride activity electrode. The doubled etching time caused only a 30 to 40% increase of enamel removal. Method C showed the best reproducibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Uptake and retention of fluoride by intact and etched enamel.

180 fluoride biopsies were taken in 30 children from the labial surfaces of the 6 maxillary anterior teeth. The average thickness of the biopsied surface enamel was 8.35+/-0.75 mjm. Intact, not treated enamel had an average F-content of the integral of 550 ppm. 7 days after one 3-min topical application of amine fluoride on intact enamel the average F-concentration was the integral of 1150 ppm. 7 days after one amine fluoride application on enamel previously etched with pyruvic or orthophosphoric acid, the average F-content was the integral of 3400 ppm and the integral of 2800 ppm respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Fluoride retention after rinsing with sodium fluoride and amine fluoride.

Fluoride retention from fluoride rinses (250 ppm F), calculated from F-concentrations and volumes of expectorates, and fluoride clearance, determined in whole saliva samples collected 1, 5 and 10 minutes after rinsing, were studied in 70 adults. F-retention from a 1:1 oleylamine-cetylaminefluoride rinsing solution (15 ml. 15 sec) was 410 mjg F, from a sodium fluoride rinse 343 mug F. 563 mug F were retained from a 30-sec amine fluoride rinse. Fluoride clearance was significantly slower after cetylaminefluoride rinses than after NaF rinses. Prerinsing with sodium lauryl sulfate or cetylaminechloride annihilated the F clearance superiority of cetylaminefluoride over NaF.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Simultaneous pH and fluoride telemetry from the oral cavity.

A new telemetric system was used to determine, simultaneously, plaque pH and salivary fluoride when sucrose-containing fluoride tablets of 0.25 mg and 1.0 mg NaF were dissolved in the oral cavity. Dissolution of 1.0 mg fluoride tablets on the dorsum of the tongue produced transient interproximal plaque acidification not lower than pH 5.2 combined with an increased salivary F-level between 0.19 and 19 ppm for up to 1 hr at the entrance of the interproximal space. Interference of plaque glycolysis by F was evident when rinsings with 250 ppm F as NaF combined with 10% sucrose resulted in pH levels 1/2-1 unit higher than with 10 percent sucrose alone. The use of sucrose as a vehicle in fluoride tablets is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗