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H R Patel

Publications and source records attributed to H R Patel.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Gut-hormone profile in coeliac disease.

Patients with coeliac disease have a highly significant reduction in the release of secretin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide from the upper small intestine, but a greatly increased release of enteroglucagon, and also of neurotensin, from the lower part of the small intestine. The release of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide, from the antrum and pancreas respectively, is, however, normal. Thus the pattern of hormone release reflects the location of the mucosal lesion. The gut-hormone profile may also help to characterise other gastrointestinal diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The spectrum of hepatic candidiasis.

The liver is affected in up 50 to 75% of compromised hosts with disseminated Candida albicans infection who come to autopsy. The antemortem diagnosis of hepatic candidiasis is rarely made. Blood cultures are negative in approximately 50% of cases, and biochemical parameters of hepatic injury may be of nonspecific value. Additionally, the more commonly seen renal, cardiac, and respiratory involvement may overshadow the hepatic lesion. In a review of 17 autopsy series of disseminated candidiasis, 92 cases with hepatic involvement were identified for a mean prevalence of 13.7%. Hepatic granulomas and microabscesses were the two most common histological lesions attributable to Candida. Inflammatory aggregates, centrilobular congestion, bile stasis, and fatty change were seen less frequently. The diagnosis should be suspected in any compromised host with unexplained fever with or without elevated alkaline phosphatase or bilirubin levels. The diagnosis can be made by percutaneous needle biopsy or at laparoscopy in a majority of cases. Early treatment with Amphotericin is associated with prolonged survival.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Divergent effects of leptin in mice susceptible or resistant to obesity.

Consumption of a high-fat diet decreases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and increases proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and brown adipose uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 mRNA in obesity-resistant SWR/J but not obesity-prone C57Bl/6J mice. Although leptin was elevated in both strains in response to a high-fat diet, its role in the development of diet-induced obesity has remained unclear since insulin and other factors that affect similar tissue targets are altered. Thus, we administered recombinant leptin by subcutaneous infusion to chow-fed mice to mimic the changes in plasma leptin across its broad physiologic range. We observed strain differences in responsiveness to reduced and elevated leptin levels. A reduction in leptin during fasting evoked a greater response in C57Bl/6J mice by decreasing energy expenditure and thyroxin, increasing corticosterone and stimulating food intake and weight gain during refeeding. However, C57Bl/6J mice were less responsive to an increase in leptin in the fed state. Conversely, the leptin-mediated response to fasting was blunted in SWR/J mice, whereas an increase in leptin profoundly reduced food intake and body weight in SWR/J mice fed ad libitum. Sensitivity to fasting in C57Bl/6J mice was associated with higher hypothalamic NPY mRNA and reduced POMC and UCP-1 mRNA expression, while the robust response to high leptin levels in SWR/J mice was associated with suppression of NPY mRNA. These results indicate that differences in leptin responsiveness between strains might occur centrally or peripherally, leading to alteration in the patterns of food intake, thermogenesis and energy storage.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maximum voluntary cough: an indication of airway function.

Maximum voluntary coughing produces a flow-volume profile which incorporates the characteristics of a maximum expiratory flow-volume curve (MEFV). The cough flow-volume curve also has transient spikes of supramaximal flow, interspersed with portions of zero flow when the glottis is closed. The peak flow rates of the supramaximal flow transients during cough decrease in a linear fashion as lung volume goes down from total lung capacity to residual volume. Cough flow-volume curves have been recorded from forty-two subjects between the ages of 7 and 56 yr. The rate of change of cough peak flow shows a positive correlation with airway conductance measured plethysmographically in children. The ratio of forced expiratory flow to cough peak flow (the cough ratio) expresses the maximum expiratory flow rate during forced expiration as a proportion of that which can be achieved with a cough. The cough ratio declines during adult life, because although there is a fall in cough peak flow with age there is a proportionally greater fall in MEFV-equivalent flow. These investigations explore the information to be gained from cough flow-volume curves by examining the cough in a heterogeneous group of individuals.

Adolescent↗