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Biomedical subjects

H Rahman

Publications and source records attributed to H Rahman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Multiplex PCR for detection of stx genes of Escherichia coli.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), which includes both enterohaemorrhagic Esch. coli (EHEC, 0157: 7H) and non-EHEC (non-0157) produces two major Shiga toxins (Stx1 & Stx2). Detection of Stx or stx genes is the only approach to detect all the different types of STEC. A multiplex PCR is used for the detection of stx genes from EHEC and non-EHEC strains isolated from patients of enteritis. METHODS: Ten EHEC and 35 non-EHEC strains obtained from patients with diarrhoea and enteritis were studied. A single and multiplex PCR (mPCR) were used for detection of stx genes using specific primers. In single PCR, the stx 1 and stx 2 genes were amplified separately while in mPCR, the two genes were amplified together in a single reaction. The PCR products were detected by electrophoresis. RESULTS: All the EHEC strains were found to harbour one or both stx genes as detected by single and multiplex PCR. Of the non-EHEC strains tested, 14.28 per cent were positive for stx genes. Multiplex PCR gave similar results and showed 100 per cent agreement with that of single PCR. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results indicated that stx genes are common in the EHEC strains but they are less prevalent among non-EHEC strains. Because of simplicity, rapidity and specificity, mPCR assay represents a good alternative to traditional methods for the detection of stx genes of STEC.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed2001

An outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infection in pygmy hogs (Sus salvanius).

An outbreak of salmonellosis was recorded in captive pygmy hogs (Sus salvanius), a critically endangered species of mammal. Of 42 captive animals maintained for conservation breeding by the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme, Guwahati, Assam, India, 7 (16.67%) died within 3 days. The organism associated with this outbreak was identified as Salmonella enteritidis. The organisms were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, norfloxacin and cefotaxim but were resistant to ampicillin, oxytetracycline, mezlocillin and sulfamerazin. The strain belonged to phage type 13a/7 and harboured two plasmids (38 and 44 megadaltons). The organisms were enterotoxigenic in CHO cell assay and were found to carry stn, sef and pef genes.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Measuring the impact of needle exchange programs among injecting drug users through the National Behavioural Surveillance in Bangladesh.

Bangladesh is a low HIV prevalence country, with buprenorphine injectors having the highest prevalence of HIV at 2.5% as of 1999. Using National HIV Behavioral Surveillance data, the impact of a needle exchange program (NEP) on sharing behavior among injecting drug users in two cities was measured. Results showed positive changes that varied with the different settings. Those who reported utilizing the NEP were compared with those who did not. Differences in Dhaka were significant for the average proportion of needles shared but not for the proportion of men who ever shared in the last week. In Rajshahi, where professional injectors were the norm, the impact of an NEP was greater and affected both the proportion of needles shared as well as the proportion of men never sharing. Behavioral surveillance methods have the potential to measure intervention impact through comparative analysis in certain settings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Anorectal avulsion: an unusual rectal injury.

Traumatic injuries to the rectum although uncommon can result in virulent complications and even death. Diverting colostomy, presacral drainage, distal wash out and rectal repair, when feasible, have become the standard treatment for rectal injuries. We report an unusual case of rectal injury resulting in anorectal avulsion from skin and surrounding tissues.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

'Free omental plug': a nostalgic look at an old and dependable technique for giant peptic perforations.

Peptic perforation is a serious complication of peptic ulcer disease. The defect in the intestinal wall usually does not present a difficult technical problem of surgical management, in most cases perforation can be closed primarily. On rare occasions an extremely large defect (giant peptic perforation - defined as any perforation greater than 2.5 cm in size) cannot be closed by these simple techniques. Modalities of treatment advocated for such an ulcer over the years are: free omental plug in the form of a mushroom; serosal patch technique; jejunal pedicle graft, partial gastrectomy, and finally the possible addition of proximal gastrojejunostomy. The omental plug is a simple procedure which does not require expertise and can even be performed in a very short time by a trainee general surgeon in a seriously ill patient in emergency. We review 7 cases of giant peptic perforations closed by a free omental plug.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Journey of providing care in hospice: perspectives of occupational therapists.

The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of occupational therapists with regard to their role in hospice and to examine whether occupational therapists experienced a conflict in supporting the dual status of living and dying for individuals with terminal illness. A qualitative analysis revealed the following themes: tuning in and comfort care, loss, working toward death, journey with patient, team player, use of occupational therapy, and dichotomous role. These themes demonstrated that occupational therapists played a significant role in hospice, helping individuals with terminal illness to live life fully and comfortably while facing death. The study found that occupational therapists used a holistic approach in their work by addressing the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual aspects of care.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

Occurrence of sef & pef genes among different serovars of Salmonella.

A total of 29 strains of Salmonella enterica belonging to seven serovars isolated from human, animals and birds were used to study the occurrence of Salmonella fimbriae genes (sef and pef) by PCR amplification technique using their specific primers. All the strains (15) of S. Enteritidis were found to carry both sef and pef genes irrespective of the source of isolation. S. Typhimurium strains were found to harbour only pef genes, while S. Gallinarum strains harboured only sef genes. Other serovars namely, S. Newport, S. Kentucky, S. Weltevreden and S. Indiana were negative for both pef and sef genes. The importance of fimbriae in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis is suggested.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Effect of norepinephrine on growth of Salmonella and its enterotoxin production.

Salmonella typhimurium was cultured in presence or absence of norepinephrine in conditioned media. Two conditioned media containing bovine and pig serum were prepared. Supplementation of fresh cultures with norepinephrine (5 x 10(-5) M per mL of medium) resulted in ten-fold increase in growth as compared to controls. No significant difference in growth of organisms in media containing bovine and pig serum was observed. Growth was more in culture incubated under shaking condition than in non-shaking condition. Enterotoxin production increased by two to eight-folds in the medium supplemented with norepinephrine.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Short-chain fatty acids inhibit fluid and electrolyte loss induced by cholera toxin in proximal colon of rabbit in vivo.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced by bacterial fermentation in the colon and stimulate Na+ and Cl- absorption. We have studied the effects of SCFA on fluid and electrolyte absorption during cholera toxin (CT) -induced colonic secretion in rabbit, using a steady-state perfusion technique with marker (PEG) dilution. Perfusion with SCFA significantly (P < 0.01) reduced colonic water secretion. Butyrate reduced water secretion the most (95%), followed by propionate (90%), and acetate (80%). Butyrate significantly (P < 0.001) reduced secretions of Na+ (95.5%), K+ (75.2%), and Cl-(80.7%) ions but not HCO3- ions. Propionate similarly reduced secretion of HCO3-(45.3%). Acetate significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited Na+ (76.4%) and Cl- (75.7%) secretion, but the inhibitions of K+ (23.6%) and HCO3 (28.8%) were not significantly different from the controls. We conclude that SCFA reduce CT-induced water and electrolyte secretion in the rabbit proximal colon, and its potential as an antidiarrheal agent should be further evaluated.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of enterotoxin gene (stn) among different serovars of Salmonella.

The prevalence of Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene among different Salmonella serovars by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its status of expression on the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were investigated. All the 26 strains of Salmonella enterica such as serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Dublin, Typhi, Newport, Weltevreden, Gallinarum, etc. investigated in this study were found to carry stn gene as examined by the PCR and gene probe. However, only a limited number of stn positive strains (34.6%) were found to express phenotypically the Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn) as tested by the CHO cell assay. The strains of S. bongori were found to be negative for Stn production both genotypically and phenotypically.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Dot-ELISA for detection of Salmonella enterotoxin.

Nineteen strains of Salmonella enterica belonging to seven serovars and two strains of S. bongori were investigated for enterotoxin production by the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay and Dot-ELISA. All the 19 strains were found to carry stn gene when tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for stn sequence. Thirteen strains (68.42%) were found to produce Salmonella enterotoxin (Stn) when tested by the CHO cell assay. Dot-ELISA could detect Stn in 16 strains (84.21%). Dot-ELISA may be preferred over other assays due to its low cost and simplicity in performance.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Induction of Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene expression by epithelial cells (IEC-6).

Prevalence of Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene among Salmonella enterica and S. bongori was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene probe and its status of phenotypic expression was examined on chinese hamster ovary cells by cultivating the strains with conventional method for enterotoxin production and by cultivating the organisms in contact with intestinal epithelial cells of rats (IEC-6). All the 19 strains and serovars of S. enterica such as Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Newport, Weltevreden, Indiana, Gallinarum and Kentucky were found to carry stn gene as examined by PCR and gene probe but only a limited number of strains (13 out of 19) expressed phenotypically the enterotoxin when cultured by conventional method. Cultivation of organisms in contact with epithelial cells induced expression of stn gene phenotypically in all the 19 strains. In contrast to S. enterica, strains of S. bongori were found neither genotypically (stn) nor phenotypically (Stn) positive.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Physiological predictors of death in exsanguinating trauma patients undergoing conventional trauma surgery.

BACKGROUND: Severe truncal multi trauma patients often develop coagulopathy, acidosis and hypothermia that makes major reparative trauma surgery dangerous. It was aimed to try to develop physiological indicators that would predict a poor outcome when conventional reparative surgery was applied. These indicators may help in the decision to switch from conventional reparative surgery to surgery limited to the control of major haemorrhage or organ disruption: so-called 'damage-control' surgery. METHOD: A retrospective review was conducted of 40 patients with severe multivisceral trauma (Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 35) who were admitted to the intensive care unit at Waikato Hospital and who underwent conventional reparative surgery. RESULTS: Survival was strongly associated with base deficit (BD), core temperature and ISS. Using multiple logistic regression on these indices, outcome could be predicted with 92.5% accuracy (sensitivity = 93%, specificity = 92%, positive predictive value for death = 96%). Either severe hypothermia (< 33 degrees C) or severe acidosis (BD > 12 mEq/L), or a combination of moderate core temperature < 35.5 degrees C, and a BD of > 5 mEq/L were strong predictors of death if conventional reparative surgery was practised. CONCLUSIONS: At the above mentioned levels of physiological compromise, patient survival after conventional trauma surgery can be predicted to be very unlikely. Damage-control measures would be worth attempting.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1997

Increase in extracellular calcium in the optic tectum of fish after optic nerve transection.

In this study the extracellular distribution of cytochemically generated calcium reaction product in the denervated optic tectum of a cichild fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) was investigated. The left optic nerve had been transected and the fish (5 per experimental condition) maintained for 2, 10 and 21 days. The amount of the calcium-containing precipitates was estimated using energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and image analysis. A special degeneration type of the optic terminals (neurofibrillar hypertrophy) was found which seems to be rare in other teleosts and was therefore chosen for quantification of the calcium deposits. These terminals are surrounded by astroglial processes and the calcium reaction product in the extracellular spaces between these glial processes and the terminals was measured and compared to normal optic terminals in nonoperated controls. A distinct and significant increase in the amount of calcium deposits was found 2 and 10 days after surgery which decreased to control levels after 21 days. This rise of deposits around the degenerating terminals was very local as arbitrarily selected extracellular spaces near these terminals showed values which were at the level of the nonoperated controls. Therefore, a transient and local increase in extracellular calcium precipitates was found after optic nerve transection which affected only the degenerating synapses.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Immunofluorescent microscopic findings in glomerulonephritis.

Histopathology and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) microscopy were performed on renal biopsy specimens of 60 clinically suspected cases of glomerulonephritis (GN). Histopathological diagnosis was obtained in 44 (73.3%) cases and immune complex deposition were detected by DIF in 28 (46.7%) cases. Immune complex deposition were observed in all cases of membranous GN, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rapidly progressive GN (RPGN), most of the cases of diffuse proliferative GN (2 out of 3) mesangioproliferative GN (12 out of 15) and focal glomeruloscleros is (3 out of 5 cases). No immune deposits were observed in minimal change GN, chronic GN, and diabetic nephropathy. Histopathological diagnosis was not obtained in 16 (26.7%) cases, 3 (5%) of which showed immune complex deposition by DIF. Anti-GBM nephritis was demonstrated in one (3.6%) case, the rest were immune complex nephritis.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1997

Health behavior, perceptions, practices, and decision making: sub-national and socio-demographic differentials in Bangladesh, 1995.

The study examines health behavior, perceptions, practices, and decision making using data from the 1995 Health and Demographic Survey conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Knowledge about causes of diarrhea and food contamination were higher than knowledge about causes of nightblindness and worm infestation but this knowledge is inadequate. The household's economic condition and the respondent's education were found to be positively associated with disease knowledge and food contamination; the same is also true for health behavior and practices. Sub-national variation in disease knowledge and food contamination exists but did not correspond always with the health behavior and practices. Decisions regarding treatment of disease were made by the husband and wife together in two-thirds of the cases, however, it was not uniform across socio-demographic and sub-national categories.

Bangladesh↗