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Biomedical subjects

H Raunio

Publications and source records attributed to H Raunio.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Changes occurring in the postinfarction ECG in relation to age, sex, and previous myocardial infarction.

Minnesota codes (MC), expressing Q-QS, ST segment, and T wave abnormalities in ECGs taken during the acute event and at a 1-year follow-up were studied in 256 survivors of myocardial infarction (MI). On the 1-year ECGs large Q waves (MC 1.1) were more common in patients with a history of previous MI than in those with a first MI. Regression of Q-QS, ST segment, and T wave changes occurred more extensively in first MIs, whereas progression of MC Q-QS and ST segment signs tended to be common in those with recurrent MI. On the acute ECGs large Q waves were more frequent in men (52%) than in women (36%), but ST segment depression of 1 mm or more (MC 4.1) was predominant in women in both the acute and 1-year ECGs. This ECG sign was related to the advanced age of the patients. There was no significant sex difference in the regression of the Q-QS signs, but the disappearance of ST and T wave changes occurred more extensively in men. The ECG returned to normal in 12% of men with a first MI but only infrequently in women and men with recurrent MI.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cardiac polyamine metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of antihypertensive treatment.

The importance of changes in polyamine metabolism for myocardial growth was assessed by measuring the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines spermidine, spermine and putrescine in hearts from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The rats were 30-weeks-old and had received 6 weeks treatment with either minoxidil (0.08 mg/ml) or alpha-methyldopa (5 mg/ml in drinking water). Left ventricular ODC activity was greater in the untreated SHR than the WKY rats at 4, 16 and 20 weeks of age. Spermidine content was consistently raised and spermine content reduced in the untreated SHR left ventricles, resulting in the high spermidine/spermine ratios characteristic of rapidly growing systems. Minoxidil treatment increased left ventricular weight and spermidine (83 and 61% in WKY and SHR rats, respectively) and spermine (44 and 28%) content. Methyldopa also caused an increase in left ventricular spermidine content (30 and 57% in WKY and SHR rats, respectively) despite a marked reduction in ventricular mass. Thus the ventricular hypertrophy in SHR rats is accompanied by enhanced synthesis and accumulation of polyamines. The fact that myocardial spermidine content increased during methyldopa treatment, which reduced myocardial mass, suggests that the polyamines are not causally related to the development of ventricular hypertrophy.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Polyamine biosynthesis and monooxygenase enzyme activity in rat liver cirrhosis and regeneration.

Chemically induced liver cirrhosis in the rat was associated with an increased biosynthesis of the hepatic polyamines putrescine and spermidine and a reduction in the activities of the cytochrome P-450-associated monooxygenase enzymes aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase. These parameters were normalized after a 4-week spontaneous regeneration period. The results suggest an independent regulatory mechanism of polyamine biosynthesis and monooxygenase expression.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1983

Effects of cigarette smoke on rat lung and liver ornithine decarboxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities and lung benzo(a)pyrene metabolism.

The response of rat lung and liver ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities and lung benzo(a)pyrene (BP) metabolism was studied after exposing the rats to cigarette smoke. A close analysis of the time curves for ODC and AHH activities in rat lung and liver after a single exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in no clear correlation between the two parameters. Prolonged treatment (10 days) produced an increase in pulmonary ODC activity; hepatic ODC activity was unaffected. 10-day treatment was ineffective in raising AHH activity above values observed after a single treatment. BP metabolism, as determined in isolated perfused lungs by the appearance of organic- and water-soluble metabolites in the perfusion medium, the amount of covalently bound metabolites in lung tissue and the disappearance of unchanged 3-H BP from the perfusate, was markedly increased in response to cigarette smoke treatment. The data presented indicate that induction of AHH activity and increased metabolism of BP do not necessarily require a pre-existing increase in ODC activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Genetically determined differences in the response to carcinogens of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and ornithine decarboxylase.

Carcinogenesis involves a complex interplay of both hereditary and environmental factors. With the exception of some cancers which may be inherited through an autosomal dominant gene (e.g., retinoblastoma), cancer causation is controlled by a multitude of genes. The murine Ah complex is an example of a well-characterized model system for studying genetic factors for carcinogenesis in mice. The Ah complex controls the induction of several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities by, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Allelic differences at the Ah locus are associated with increased individual risk for cancer and mutation. The polyamines and their biosynthetic enzymes, especially ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), are useful probes in the study of carcinogenesis. The available evidence supports the theory that the induction of ODC activity is an essential factor in mouse skin tumorigenesis. In contrast, ODC induction is not an essential prerequisite in the induction of enzymes involved in converting carcinogens of the PAH-type to reactive intermediates capable of binding to DNA. The possible involvement of the polyamines and ODC in cancer initiation and promotion, in DNA repair processes and in genetic factors that might influence them are discussed in this review.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of polycyclic aromatic compounds and phorbol esters on ornithine decarboxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in mouse liver.

Single i.p. injections of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC; 50 mg/kg) administered to inbred C57BL/6 mice or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; 100 micrograms/kg) to DBA/2 mice gave an increase in the hepatic activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) with peaks occurring by 12 and 48 hr, respectively. A single i.p. dose of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 100 micrograms/kg) enhanced the activity of ODC about 70-fold within 12 hr in C57BL/6 mice and 18-fold within 24 hr in DBA/2 mice without affecting AHH activity markedly. 4-O-Methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (100 micrograms/kg) raised ODC activity to about 25% of the TPA-treated value in C57BL/6 mice; in DBA/2 mice, TPA and 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced ODC activity to roughly the same level. Benzo(e)pyrene (50 mg/kg) failed to affect ODC and AHH activities significantly in either strain. The inducing effect of TPA on ODC activity was potentiated by a simultaneous administration of MC to C57BL/6 mice; combined TPA and TCDD to DBA/2 mice exerted an additive effect on hepatic ODC activity. Difluoromethylornithine administered i.p. effectively inhibited the induction of ODC activity elicited by TPA, MC, or TCDD either alone or in various combinations but did not interfere with AHH induction. These data indicate that different regulatory factors are involved in the ODC induction process elicited by TPA and polycyclic aromatic compounds and that MC and TCDD may induce ODC activity by different mechanisms. The results also confirm our earlier findings in rat skin and cells in culture which suggest that the ODC and AHH induction processes can occur independently of each other. Additionally, there is a strain-related difference in sensitivity with regard to ODC-inducing activity of TPA in the livers of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Dissociation between ornithine decarboxylase activity and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in cell cultures treated with benz[a]anthracene and inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase.

The induction of aryl hydrocarbon and ornithine decarboxylase by benz[a]-anthracene in the presence or absence of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors was studied in three different cell culture systems. An almost complete abolishment of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 1,3-diamino-2-propanol or alpha-difluoremethyl ornithine before the addition of the inducer did not affect appreciably the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by benz[a]anthracene in human embryo, HeLa and Rueber H-II-4-E cells in culture. These results suggest that the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase does not require ornithine decarboxylase activity per se and can be expressed in the absence of continuous polyamine synthesis.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed1982

Early pronounced ST segment depression with marked J point decline heralding acute lethal clinical myocardial infarction: Necropsy-electrocardiographic correlative study.

Marked ST segment depression (greater than or equal to 2 mm J point decline with horizontal or downsloping ST) was correlated with necropsy findings in 105 cases. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was most frequently (70%) responsible for development of the abnormal ST pattern, thereby indicating the diagnosis and severe prognosis of the AMI. In 23% of patients the ST segment depression pattern was associated with chronic heart disease without AMI; all were severely ill with 92% receiving digitalis. Sudden worsening of the basic heart disease or circulatory shock were frequently found to coincide with the abnormal ST pattern; necropsy revealed extensive old MI or myocardial fibrosis in these patients. Marked ST segment depression was also found in five patients without underlying heart disease at autopsy; an acute cerebral accident or circulatory shock was considered to have produced the abnormal ST segment pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Independent induction and inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in rat epidermis.

Changes in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) were investigated in rat epidermis after wounding the skin and application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and several enzyme inhibitors. Wounding of the skin by vigorous shaving led to a marked induction of ODC activity with a peak at 6 hr. Topical application of a single dose of tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to wounded skin did not affect the activities of ODC and AHH. Application of single large dose (2.5 mg) of DMBA increased AHH activity 7-fold without affecting ODC activity. DL-alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine, a specific irreversible inhibitor of ODC, almost completely abolished ODC activity but did not inhibit DMBA- or TCDD-induced AHH activity. Several potential modifiers, including retinoic acid, indomethacin, 1,3-diamino-2-propranol, alpha-naphthoflavone, and SKF 525 A had unequal effects on ODC and AHH activities. These data indicate that ODC and AHH induction processes in the epidermis are independent biochemical events that are not causally related.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1982

In-hospital death from ischaemic heart disease.

The clinical course and the clinical and pathological factors were studied in a series of 112 in-hospital patients who died of acute myocardial infarction. A necropsy was performed in 101 cases. 44% of the victims were concluded to have been past the possibility of recovery at the time of admission, as the treatment of early ventricular fibrillation or asystole did not lead to a satisfactory result, or as a refractory heart failure or shock dominated from admission to death. Resuscitations due to early ventricular fibrillation were performed in the emergency department mainly on patients living near the hospital. On the other hand, an early heart failure was more frequent among those whose transit distance was over 15 km. Prior use of beta-receptor blockers seemed to protect against early complications. The cardiac functions of the remaining patients were normal or could be normalized at the beginning of the hospitalization. The great majority of them were later lost as a result of extensive damage of the myocardium leading to a refractory heart failure and some due to a rupture caused by infarction (8%) or due to embolic complications (10%). Only 11 patients (10%) succumbed to late ventricular fibrillation without heart failure, rupture, or embolism. The cardiac disease revealed by the necropsy was more severe in patients with a refractory heart failure than in those who died of late ventricular fibrillation or rupture without a preceding heart failure. Various arrhythmias were frequent during the hospitalization. 74% of the dysrhythmias were preceded or followed by symptoms of a heart failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Changes in the QRS complex and ST segment in transmural and subendocardial myocardial infarctions. A clinicopathologic study.

The QRS complex and ST segment in the ECGs of 80 patients who died of an acute myocardial infarction (MI) were studied in relation to the extent of the MI (subendocardial vs. transmural). Changes in the QRS complex developed in nine out of the 15 cases with an acute subendocardial MI. Five of these cases fulfilled the conventional QRS criteria for a myocardial infarction. A definite ST segment depression (a J point depression of 2 mm. or more in at least one lead, and a horizontal or downward sloping ST segment with a minimum duration of 0.08 sec.) occurred most frequently in connection with a circumferential subendocardial MI (88 per cent), but it was also found in a regional subendocardial (43 per cent) and transmural MI (43 per cent). In 17 per cent of the cases with a transmural MI, this was the only ECG abnormality. It is concluded that cases with a subendocardial MI cannot always be distinguished from transmural MI on the basis of the presence or absence of the QRS changes, and that an ST segment depression, as defined in this study, can give additional information in the evaluation of an acute phase of an MI.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Significance of a terminal R wave in lead V1 of the electrocardiogram.

A terminal r wave in Lead V1 lower than 0.6 mV. was studied in the ECGs of four groups: (1) 104 healthy children, (2) 207 healthy young adults, (3) 171 patients with no autopsy evidence of a cardiopulmonary disease, and (4) 1,078 autopsy patients with a cardiopulmonary disease. Cases with a complete right bundle branch block were excluded. A terminal r wave occurred in 2.9 per cent healthy children, 1.4 per cent of healthy young adults, 0.6 per cent of patients without and in 5.9 per cent of patients with autopsy evidence of a cardiopulmonary disease. The occurrence of a terminal r wave was most common in pulmonary patients (10 per cent). But it was also found in patients with an anterior or a posterior myocardial infarction and in some cases of left ventricular hypertrophy. In the autopsy series RVH occurred in 57 per cent of patients with a Qr pattern, in 30 per cent of patients with a terminal r wave higher than the initial one, and in none of the patients with a terminal r wave lower than the initial one. It is concluded that the height of the terminal r wave has clinical significance. A terminal r wave higher than the initial one in Lead V1 is associated with a cardiopulmonary disease in subjects over 30 years of age, while an r wave lower than the initial one seems to be an innocent finding.

Adolescent↗