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Biomedical subjects

H Raunio

Publications and source records attributed to H Raunio.

122 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Significance of a prominent S wave in leads I and V6 in the electrocardiograms of middle-aged and elderly hospital patients.

The significance of a priminent S wave leads I and/or V6 in electrocardiograms of persons aged 30 years or over was studied in 1249 patients who died at hospital. A priminent S wave was found in 4.1% in lead I, in 10.5% in lead V6, and in 2.3% simultaneously in both leads in 171 patients in whom no pulmonary or cardiac disease was observed at autopsy. The occurrence of a prominent S wave in leads I and/or V6 was significantly more frequent in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases than in those without these conditions. This ECG sign was not, however, highly specific for any disease. S wave patterns were frequently found in conditions causing right ventricular overload. The SI and/or SV6 patterns were also common in patients with myohy. It is concluded that a prominent S wave in lead I alone or together with lead V6 in ECGs of middle-aged and elderly patients suggests the presence of a disease affecting the pulmonary criculation or the left ventricle of the heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Mean electrical QRS axis on the frontal plane in electrocardiograms of middle-aged and elderly hospital patients.

The mean electrical QRS axis (AQRS) on the frontal plane was determined on electrocardiograms recorded shortly before death in 1249 patients. Cardiopulmonary diseases were sought at autopsy. Cases with CRBBE, CLBBB, WPW or idioventricular rhythm were excluded. In 171 patients without cardiopulmonary diseases, the AQRS tended to deviate to the left with age. In patients aged 30--49 the median AQRS was +55 degrees ranging between -30 degrees--90. In 99% of older patients, it stayed between -45 degrees--75 degrees. No sex difference was found. A large AQRS deviation was characteristic of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases. In one third of male pulmonary patients aged 50 or over, the AQRS pointed outside -45 degrees or +75 degrees. Rightward deviation of +90 degrees was found in 20% of younger patients. In patients aged 50 or over with myocardial infarction, rightward AQRS deviation of +75 degrees was observed in 11%, and below -45 degrees in 8% of the patients. Abnormal deviation was most common in association with inferoposterior or lateral wall infarctions. Abnormal deviation of the frontal plane QRS axis seems to coincide only with cardiac or pulmonary diseases. Extreme rightward deviation suggests a condition of right ventricular overload, but leftward deviation occurs in patients with pulmonary and with left ventricular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Occurrence and regression of initial and terminal notching of the QRS complex in the electrocardiograms of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The occurrence of initial and terminal notching in the QRS complex of the electrocardiogram was studied in a series of 158 male patients surviving acute myocardial infarction during hospital admission and at follow-up examinations 6-8 weeks, 5 and 12 months after the infarction. In 115 men with their first myocardial infarction signifiant initial notching was found in the acute stage in 30% and significant terminal notching in 32%. One year later these percentages were 14 and 9, respectively. In patients with reinfarction the prevalence of notching was even higher. Inital notches were most often associated with anterior and terminal notches with inferoposterio infarction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dissociation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced induction in ornithine decarboxylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities in C57BL/6 mouse dermal fibroblasts in culture.

The effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 3-methyl-cholanthrene (MC) on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activities were studied in C57BL/6 mouse dermal fibroblasts in culture. TPA selectively induced ODC activity and MC selectively induced AHH activity in these cells. Acute (10 h) exposure of the cells to DL-alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) led to a marked inhibition of ODC activity without any significant effect on induced AHH activity. Chronic inhibition of ODC activity (4 days) resulted in a slight inhibition of basal AHH activity, but the inducibility of AHH was enhanced alpha-Naphtho-flavone, SKF 525 A and indomethacin exerted unequal effects on the enzyme activities. These results indicate that ODC and AHH induction processes are independent events with no causal link.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Freezing affects the activity and subcellular distribution profile of human placental xenobiotic- and steroid-metabolizing enzymes.

Human placentae from both smoking and non-smoking mothers were examined with respect to the activity and apparent subcellular distribution of cytochrome P-450-linked xenobiotic-and steroid-metabolizing activities. Freezing of the placental sample in pieces before preparing mitochondria and microsomes led to decreases in some catalytic activities and changed the distribution profile of activities between mitochondria and microsomes. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase were especially sensitive to the destructive effect of freezing. Activities in the microsomes were apparently more sensitive to freezing than were those in the mitochondrial fraction. In addition to the destruction of activities by freezing, cross-contamination of microsomes and mitochondria was postulated. Freezing tended to level off the differences between induced and uninduced material. In JEG cells, the specific activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were higher in the mitochondrial fraction. In liver biopsy samples the expected, principally microsomal, localization of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes was observed. It is suggested that the placenta should be processed fresh at least as far as the postmitochondrial supernatant before freezing to avoid the destructive and cross-contaminating effects of freezing.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Styrene metabolism by cDNA-expressed human hepatic and pulmonary cytochromes P450.

The rate of formation of styrene glycol from styrene was compared in human, rat, and mouse liver microsomes. At a low styrene concentration (0.085 mM), the rates decreased in the order, mouse (2.43 +/- 0.29 nmol/(mg of protein.min)) > rat (1.07 +/- 0.20) > human (0.73 +/- 0.45); at a high concentration (1.85 mM), the order was rat (4.21 +/- 0.72) > mouse (2.72 +/- 0.11) > human (1.91 +/- 0.84). Kinetic analysis indicated the presence of at least two forms of styrene-metabolizing cytochrome P450s with different Km values in human liver microsomes. Styrene was also metabolized in human lung microsomes: the rate of styrene glycol formation was higher in the lung microsomes from smokers than in those from current nonsmokers. The P450 forms responsible for transforming styrene to styrene glycol were determined by analyzing cDNA-expressed individual P450 forms produced in cultured hepatoma G2 cells by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Of the 12 human P450 forms studied, CYP2B6 and CYP2E1 existing in human liver and/or lungs and CYP2F1 in human lungs were the most active in the forming of styrene glycol, followed by CYP1A2 and CYP2C8. Human CYP3A3, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1 also catalyzed the metabolism but were much less active. CYP2A6, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 had only a little detectable activity. CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4/3A3 were expressed in human liver microsomes, and CYP2C8 was expressed in human lung microsomes, although the expression of CYP2F1 and CYP4B1 could not be investigated. These data indicate that several human hepatic and/or pulmonary P450 forms are capable of metabolizing styrene, albeit at different rates.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antepartum glucocorticoid therapy suppresses human placental xenobiotic and steroid metabolizing enzymes.

We investigated the effects of maternal gestational corticosteroid therapy on placental xenobiotic and steroid metabolizing enzymes at term in 20 glucocorticoid/betamethasone treated (with various doses) and control (n=10) women. A single dose of betamethasone (12 mg i.m. twice at a 24-h interval) was given to 15 mothers at risk of preterm delivery to prevent respiratory syndrome in their premature newborns. Five mothers were treated more than once. The gestation time in mothers receiving the glucocorticoid therapy varied from 22-38 gestational weeks. Compared with controls, a significant decrease in placental aromatase activity (53.6+/-18.0 pmol/mg/min versus 119+/-30 pmol/mg/min, P=0.0007) and placental CYP19 mRNA content (by 50 per cent ) was observed in mothers treated with glucocorticoids. Also the formation of androstenedione (13.2+/-8.1 pmol/mg/min, steroids versus 30.03+/-5.2 pmol/mg/min, controls, P< 0.001), using testosterone as the substrate, and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (P< 0.05) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (P< 0.09) were slightly decreased in the glucocorticoid treated compared to control patients' values. The changes were not dependent on the number of treatments or the time between treatment and delivery. Our results demonstrate that even a single dose of glucocorticoid given to expectant mothers is associated with diminished placental steroid hormone and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes at term. Further studies are needed to assess whether these changes affect the well-being of the fetus and its later development.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗