PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Rosin

Publications and source records attributed to H Rosin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bacteremia during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of renal calculi.

An increasing incidence of bacterial endocarditis has been observed since the beginning of the last decade. An explanation for this fact is the expansion of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in diverse medical disciplines. In a clinical study performed on 49 consecutive patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy a 14.3% rate of bacteremia was detected during treatment. The bacterial spectrum consisted of gram-positive cocci, gram-negative cocci, Bacteroides capillosus and Proteus mirabilis. In principle, these results do not call for an antibiotic prophylaxis. Nevertheless, according to the recommendations of the American Heart Association and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, patients with a cardiac risk predisposing to bacterial endocarditis must receive perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Bone banks in the FRG. Results of a survey].

In a nationwide survey, 1350 departments of general surgery, trauma surgery, and orthopedic surgery were approached in an attempt to determine how many surgeons use bone grafts and how they manage their bone banks; 961 responded to the postal enquiry. Bone banks are currently in use in 471 departments. The storage temperature varies between 0 degrees C and -30 degrees C in more than 50%. In 90% bone is stored for no longer than 12 months. In only 6 bone banks secondary sterilization of the bone is performed. In 1 year, 71,000 autogeneic and 25,000 allogeneic bone grafts are performed. A further 18,000 per year could be performed if bone grafts were available. We discuss the results of the survey and present an overview of the current problems concerning storage temperature and adjuvant local antibiotics, the role of HIV in bone banking, and the possibilities opened up by secondary sterilization.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1987

Microbial spectrum of blood and body cultures in febrile episodes of children under chemotherapy for treatment of malignant diseases.

One hundred thirty-five febrile episodes in 111 children with malignancies were reviewed. In 50 of 125 episodes blood cultures were positive; gram-positive bacteremia was detected in 40 episodes and gram-negative bacteremia in 10 episodes. The predominant gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci, the predominant gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli. The possible role of coagulase-negative staphylococci in causing septicemia in immunocompromised hosts is discussed with conclusions that influence designing a primary antibiotic regimen to treat febrile episodes in leukopenic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Experimental studies with absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures in infected canine arterial anastomoses.

Vascular anastomoses are usually performed with nonabsorbable synthetic suture material. In an infected wound suture material may have a negative effect on the healing of vascular anastomoses, leading to leakage and formation of false aneurysms. In a canine model 40 neck wounds and 40 groin wounds were contaminated with a standard suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently 80 end-to-end anastomoses were performed in both carotid and femoral arteries with the absorbable polydioxanone (PDS) or the nonabsorbable polypropylene (PPL) suture material in one of either side. After wound infection or hemorrhage occurred, or at least 7 days to 6 months after vascular surgery, the dogs were put to death and the contaminated vessels were removed to determine the extent of infection with light and scanning electron microscopy. Macroscopic (presence of pus, anastomotic rupture, or aneurysm) and microscopic findings (absorption, tissue reaction) were compared statistically with the McNemar test. There was no difference in the incidence of wound infection between the sutures examined. Bacteriologic cultures revealed no other microorganism than the inoculated staphylococcus strain or occasional skin contaminants. In the PPL group hemorrhages occurred more frequently (n = 6) than in the PDS group (n = 2; p = 0.125). Anastomotic aneurysms (n = 5) were found only in the PPL group (p = 0.375). These differences, although statistically not significant (because of the small number of the studied anastomoses), suggest the use of monofilament absorbable suture material for autogenous anastomoses in a contaminated area.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Gentamycin in distributive balance between serum, perilymph and liquor in guinea-pig after dosage in therapeutical range (author's transl)].

Dosage of gentamycin in therapeutical range just as in higher doses results in a distributive balance between serum, perilymph and liquor under the condition of steady serum levels. After high doses the perilymph levels compared to the serum levels are relatively lower than after less doses. The distributive balance is reached after about 7 h in doses, which lead to concentrations of the serum levels of the supposed ototoxic critical range. Afterwards the concentration in the inner ear doesn't increase. In steady state, the concentration in serum is always higher than in perilymph, whereas the perilymph concentration is always higher than the one in liquor.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The agar diffusion method round table discussion on the methods and indications for determining blood levels of aminoglycosides (author's transl)].

The present-day technique of determining the concentration of aminoglycosides in blood by agar diffusion is described including the apparatuses, set-up, and reliability tests. The results of comparative investigations showed a higher degree of conformity in Mueller-Hinton agar than in standard agar. Due to its accuracy the agar diffusion method is especially suited for the calculation of dosage recommendations and for the prediction of the maximal and minimal blood levels during treatment with aminoglycosides.

Agar↗
PubMed1976

[Sisomicin versus gentamicin. A comparison of antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties (author's transl)].

In a comparison of the antibacterial in-vitro activity of sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycine, sisomicin showed a higher activity against E. coli, indole-positive Proteus spp. and organisms of the Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia group, whereas tobramycine was superior against Pseudomonas spp. However, the differences in activity between sisomicin and gentamicin were only within one step of dilution which is hardly sufficient to guarantee a basic superiority of one or the other preparation for clinical purposes. In 12 healthy probands serum levels and renal elimination of sisomicin and gentamicin after a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg/kg body weight were investigated in a randomised change-over trial. With corresponding serum levels, almost identical elimination half-lives of 109 and 111 minutes, and recovery values of 84 and 88.4%, respectively, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of sisomicin and gentamicin. Thus in the antibacterial treatment of gentamicin-sensitive gram-negative organisms sisomicin presents an equally good alternative. With organisms only moderately sensitive or resistant to gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycine and amikacin should be additionally tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

In vitro susceptibility of clinically important bacteria to amikacin: correlation of results of broth dilution and disk sensitivity tests and effect of medium composition.

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of amikacin for 296 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria determined in Mueller-Hinton broth by the method recommended by the International Collaborative Study Group confirmed previous observations that amikacin is effective against current clinical isolates sensitive to gentamicin and that strains moderatly sensitive or resistant to gentamicin are often inhibited by clinically achievable concentrations. A simple linear regression analysis was used for comparison of zone sizes obtained with 10-mug disks of amikacin with minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained by the tube dilution technique. For 152 strains, including seven species of Enterobacteriaceae, the correleation coefficient (r) was -0.79 on Oxoid diagnostic senstivity test agar (which yields zone sizes similar to those obtained on Mueller-Hinton medium) and -0.78 on Oxoid isotonic sensitest agar (which contains cations in isotonic concentrations); the figures were -0.74 and -0.66, respectively, for 80 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Zone sizes for enteric gram-negative bacilli were on the average 2-3 mm smaller on isotonic sensitest agar than on diagnostic sensitivity test agar, and about 6 mm smaller for strains of P. aeruginosa and Providencia. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of amikacin can be estimated satisfactorily by extrapolation of results of agar diffusion tests, but the composition of the medium, particularly its calcium and magnesium content, should be defined precisely.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1976

Comparative evaluation of five aminoglycosides for treatment.

Gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, amikacin and kanamycin are compared for therapeutic use by correlating the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentration with the in vivo concentration of the antibiotic attainable in the serum at half the time intervall between two administrations of the drugs. Using this method of evaluation, E. coli, Enterobacter and sensitive strains of the Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species can be treated in principle equally well with gentamicin, tobramycin and sisomicin, and to a large degree also with amikacin. Gentamicin, sisomicin and amikacin are useful against Serratia infections; but in each case, a higher dosage is needed. Within the family of aminoglycosides, sisomicin has a noteworthy activity against Enterobacter and Proteus species, while tobramycin is most outstanding against pseudomonas strains. Amikacin is especially useful against infections involving Klebsiella, Providencia and Pseudomonas strains with resistance to nearly all antibiotics including the other aminoglycosides.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1975

[Gentamicin in orthopedic surgery].

Like in other operative disciplines also in orthopedic surgery we can see an icrease of infections with gramnegative bacterial like ps. pyocyanea. Gentamicin is in general very effective against these infections. There are following indications for the use of Gentamicin in orthopedic surgery: 1. Parenteral administration only is indicated if there is no other less toxic antibiotic. If it is used a high dosage is necessary because the bone levels which we investigated were very low. Side effects have to be observed. 2. For local therapy Gentamicin is used in the suction and perfusion system in addition to a systemic therapy with Penicillin, Ampicillin or Cephalosporin. Gentamicin can also be used for the wound perfusion. 3. Added to bone cement Gentamicin should only be taken, when an infected total hip is exchanged or if a hospitalism with ps. pyocyanea is known- The administration of Gentamicin is less indicated : 1. Asthe only antibiotic for parenteral therapy in bone infection. 2. Added to bone cement for a general prophylaxis in all endoprosthetic operations.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1975

[Enterobacter-osteomyelitis in two neonates (author's transl)].

Two boys aged up to 2 weeks suffered from enterobacter-sepsis. In both cases osteomyelitis developed in spite of treatment with Gentamycin or Gentamycin combined with Chepazolin. Both children were, taking accont of the risks, then treated with Chloramphenicol (100 mg/kg body weight/24 hours) and the first patient also, for a short time, with tetracyclin. In the second patient we saw a marrow depression dependent on Chloramphenicol and its dosage which disappeared rapidly, when the drug was withheld.

Chloramphenicol↗