Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Skolnik.
The abstract, under a multitude of names, such as hypothesis, marginalia, abridgement, extract, digest, précis, resumé, and summary, has a long history, one which is concomitant with advancing scholarship. The progression of this history from the Sumerian civilization ca. 3600 B.C., through the Egyptian and Greek civilizations, the Hellenistic period, the Dark Ages, Middle Ages, Renaissance, and into the modern period is reviewed.
The transduction of an Escherichia coli gene into mammalian cells is described. A supressor tRNA gene was linked to a simian virus 40 (SV40) vector in vitro and the recombinant was used to transfect rat embryo cells and monkey kidney cells. The hybrid SV40 genome, SV40-su+ III, retained genetic information required for autonomous replication and cellular transformation and had a 1300-base-pair DNA segment in the late gene region (between the restriction endonuclease sits Hpa II at 0.735 and EcoRI at 0/1.0 on the SV40 genetic map) replaced by an 870-base-pair bacterial DNA segment containing the suppressor tRNA gene, su+ III (tRNATyrsu+III). The structure and fate of the SV40-su+III chimera were determined by DNA reassociation kinetic analysis and restriction enzyme cleavage of the total cellular DNA from transformed rat embryo cells and persistently infected monkey cells. Hybridization with radiolabeled probes specific for vector (SV40) or su+III DNA sequences revealed primarily nonintegrated or free hybrid genomes. In cloned lines of both cell types, the bacterial DNA segment was recovered intact, as judged by the length of the segment excised by restriction endonucleases and its ability to hybridize to the radiolabeled bacterial DNA probe and not to the SV40 probe.
Input/output devices, format designs, and programming for rejecting defective input, updating and correcting input, and for producing a variety of outputs from the input are discussed, especially from the viewpoint of a large data base and that of the information needs of the users.
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