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Biomedical subjects

H Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to H Solomon.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Neurologic complications after gastric restriction surgery for morbid obesity.

We report the occurrence of neurologic complications in 23 patients who underwent gastric restriction surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity. Complications occurred 3 to 20 months after surgery. All the patients had had protracted vomiting for the first 3 months after the operation. The following syndromes were found: chronic or subacute symmetric polyneuropathy (12 patients), acute severe polyneuropathy (1 patient), burning feet syndrome (2 patients), meralgia paresthetica (3 patients), myotonic syndrome (1 patient), posterolateral myelopathy (2 patients), and Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy (2 patients). The patients suffering from burning feet syndrome and those with Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy showed a clear improvement after parenteral thiamine treatment. As to the rest of the patients, the occurrence of the complications seems to be linked to nutritional causes, although no such deficiencies were detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Removal of air from liver specimens via vacuum.

Fresh liver specimens have been ultrasonically imaged in vitro in order to evaluate specimen air content before the acquisition of ultrasonic waveform data for tissue characterization studies. It was found necessary to expose liver slices to vacuum for about 16 h in order to remove enough air to acquire waveform data from air-free regions of interest in these slices. Larger portions of liver, and whole liver, were found to retain large amounts of air even after 16 h of exposure to vacuum.

Air↗
PubMed1986

Electroconvulsive shock and cyclic AMP signal transduction: effects distal to the receptor.

Chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induced a significant decrease in noradrenaline- and forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in rat cortical slices, whereas a single ECS had a much smaller effect. In a cortical membrane preparation, adenylate cyclase activity in response to stimulation by forskolin, guanosine-5'-(beta,gamma-imido) triphosphate, and Mn2+ ions was significantly increased in membranes derived from rats that had received chronic ECS, but was either unchanged or reduced in membranes from rats that received a single treatment only. The results are interpreted in terms of changes occurring at components of the adenylate cyclase enzyme distal to the receptor.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1986

Polyarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis in children: evidence for a genetic contribution.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis rarely occurs in multiple joints, and only once has been noted in siblings. We identified this disorder in 2 generations and found evidence for its presence in a third. It occurred in 2 sibling children at multiple sites. All affected individuals also had a rare autosomal dominant disorder, the multiple lentigines syndrome. Among the developmental abnormalities in this kindred were fibrous dysplasia, hypertelorism, pectus excavatum, high arched palate, and primary lymphedema. The etiology of pigmented villonodular synovitis is uncertain, and suggested causes include trauma, inflammation, neoplasia, and repeated hemorrhage. Our observations suggest genetic factors might also be important in the development of pigmented villonodular synovitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in congenital melanocytic nevi.

Using fluorescent-labeled estrogen and progesterone, congenital nevi from fifteen patients, six male and 9 female, were studied for the presence of corresponding cytoplasmic receptor binding. Similar studies were done in a control population of twenty-one patients, ten male and 11 female, with acquired intradermal nevi. Congenital nevi contained high concentrations of estrogen-binding and progesterone-binding nevus cells in both male (6/6) and female patients (5/9). Lesser concentrations of estrogen-binding and progesterone-binding nevus cells were found in congenital nevi from the remaining four female patients. In contrast, acquired intradermal nevi from the control group of patients had little or no detectable estrogen or progesterone binding. These data indicate that congenital nevi are similar in hormonal-binding properties to melanomas and dysplastic nevi, in contrast to acquired intradermal nevi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in primary cutaneous melanoma.

Using a variety of techniques, estrogen and progesterone receptors have previously been identified in variable percentages of malignant melanomas. We examined 10 primary superficial spreading melanomas (SSM) with a fluorescent hormone-binding technique for estrogen and progesterone cytoplasmic receptors. Of these 6 SSM were markedly positive for estrogen and progesterone binding. Patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome (DNS) or a family history of DNS were markedly positive for estrogen and progesterone binding. A single patient with lentigo maligna and another patient with lentigo maligna melanoma were negative for estrogen and progesterone binding. None of the 21 control intradermal nevi examined for estrogen and progesterone binding exhibited marked positivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in melanocytic lesions. Occurrence in patients with dysplastic nevus syndrome.

Estrogen and progesterone binding studies in a series of 22 melanocytic lesions from 14 patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome were done using a fluorescent estrogen and progesterone binding technique. Melanocytic lesions from these patients, including primary cutaneous melanomas, dysplastic nevi, and benign nevi, contained large numbers of estrogen and progesterone binding cells. Comparison is made to a series of control intradermal nevi that had little or no detectable estrogen or progesterone binding. Increased hormonal binding, and possibly responsiveness, is seen in melanomas, melanoma precursor lesions such as dysplastic nevi and congenital nevi, as well as benign nevi from patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of static and dynamic stereoacuity.

It is usually assumed by the clinician that a person's total stereoscopic ability can be measured by routine stereoacuity tests. Yet, there is considerable evidence that the brain processes static and moving images via separate channels. In an attempt to determine the validity of the clinician's assumption, we compared results of the Titmus and TNO stereoacuity test with that of a dynamic stereoacuity test of our design. The data obtained from 146 subjects showed no correlation between static and dynamic responses. It seems improbable, therefore, that stereoscopic ability in the real world can be predicted from static clinical stereoacuity tests. The implication of dynamic stereopsis in sports vision and athletic performance is discussed.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1984

Spleen structure in Hodgkin disease: ultrasonic characterization. Work in progress.

Ultrasonic waveforms backscattered from human spleens in vivo were recorded for 10 normal subjects and 21 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma prior to staging laparotomy. A measure of the structure of splenic tissue, the "mean scatterer spacing" was calculated for each subject from the recorded data. Comparison of these measurements with the results of staging laparotomy indicated that spleens involved with lymphoma are generally characterized by increased scatterer spacing compared with normal splenic tissue. The observed histologic differences between normal and lymphomatous spleens appear to account for the measured differences in tissue structure.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Measurement of attenuation and scatterer spacing in human liver tissue: preliminary results.

A study measuring two quantitative parameters of human liver in vivo was performed to assess the reliability of measurement of the two parameters, and to evaluate their potential for diagnosing and grading diffuse fibrotic liver disease. The parameters measured were attenuation and "mean scatterer spacing," a measure of tissue structure. Components of variance analysis demonstrated that variation in the measured parameters was a function of the subject being examined, with significant variation noted between data acquisition sessions performed the same day. There was no significant additional variation of the measurements from week to week over a one-month period. A good correlation of the parameters with the severity of liver disease indicates that the technique may be useful in the clinical evaluation of diffuse liver disease.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1984

Simultaneous replacement of a failed jejunoileal bypass with a gastric bypass.

This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the implications of substituting a failed jejunoileal bypass with a gastric bypass, another bariatric procedure. During the same operation, the jejunoileal bypass is taken down and a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass created. All 12 patients who underwent the procedure and who form the basis for this study survived. In comparison with patients who underwent gastric bypass alone during the same period, peri- and postoperative morbidity did not increase. Following this operation blood glucose levels and arterial blood pressure decreased as the patients with the failed jejunoileal bypass lost weight. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which are known to decrease significantly after jejunoileal bypass, slightly increased but always remained within normal range after substitution by the gastric bypass. All patients who underwent the combined operation showed a dramatic improvement in life quality. We conclude that the simultaneous performance of these two procedures is a preferable alternative to the take-down alone of the original unsuccessful procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ki+-Nao+ countertransport in erythrocytes of patients with essential hypertension.

1. We describe in this paper a new ouabain-insensitive pathway for Na+ and K+ in human erythrocytes. K+ efflux was measured in cells loaded by the p-chloromercuribenzene-sulphonate (PCMBS) procedure to contain approximately equal amounts of Na+ and K+. K+ efflux was stimulated by external Na+ in the presence of ouabain and frusemide. Na+-stimulated K+ efflux was 0.35 +/- 0.12 (mmol h-1 l-1 of cells) in eight normal subjects and 0.64 +/- 0.13 in 13 patients with essential hypertension. 2. The Na+-stimulated K+ efflux was not observed in cells loaded in the presence of EGTA. This inhibition by EGTA suggests that K+ efflux is dependent on intracellular calcium. The Ki+-Nao+ countertransport of hypertensive patients was also inhibited by EGTA. The elevated K+-Na+ countertransport of hypertensive patients could be due to a higher intracellular Ca2+ content (Ca2i+) or to an increased affinity for Cai2+. The relationship of this pathway to the Gardos effect is not clear since Na+-stimulated K+ efflux occurs without metabolic depletion or inhibition of the Ca2+ pump. As a tentative hypothesis, we relate the Ca2+-dependent downhill movement of K+ and Na+ to the Ca2+-dependent channels described in muscle and nerve, but other hypotheses cannot be excluded at this stage of our research.

Cell Membrane Permeability↗
PubMed1981

Na countertransport and cotransport in human red cells: function, dysfunction, and genes in essential hypertension.

We describe in this paper studies on the modes of operation of ouabain-insensitive sodium transport systems in red cells of normotensive and hypertensive patients. We have extensively investigated the properties of Na countertransport and cotransport in order to clarify whether they are two different proteins or one transport protein with two modes of operation. Several criteria of discrimination between the two pathways are described: They differ in their affinity for Na and Li, sensitivity to several inhibitors, changes in cell volume, and chloride replacement by nitrate. We propose that there are two different transport systems. We have found elevated countertransport in red cells of hypertensive patients in France and in the United States. However, the cotransport system was found elevated in patients in Boston but reduced in patients in Paris. Studies of the modes of operation of the Na-K cotransport system indicate that it can promote K accumulation using an inward sodium gradient. This mode might be more efficient than Na extrusion at the physiological level of Na and K gradients. We interpret our findings of elevated Na-K cotransport in American hypertensive patients as an increased number of transport units functioning as K accumulators. It remains to be determined whether the reduced affinity for internal sodium of the outward cotransport is a defective outward cotransport or else a modulation of this transport system to favor K accumulation.

4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate↗