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Biomedical subjects

H Solomon

Publications and source records attributed to H Solomon.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Partial nephrectomy in surgical treatment of calculous disease.

Of a total of 158 partial nephrectomies, a detailed follow-up for up to sixteen years was obtained in 131. The rate of true ipsilateral recurrences was 26 per cent. Computer analysis of various parameters indicated that a previous history of a stone in the same or the contralateral kidney, or the presence of multiple or scattered stones in the affected side, were associated with a particularly high recurrence rate. Urinary infection at the time of or prior to operation was not of prognostic significance. The importance of complete excision of the calyceal neck was confirmed. It was concluded that the operation is logical for removal of a diseased segment of kidney, but generally cannot be recommended in the hope of removing a stone-bearing area of kidney and hence reducing the recurrence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Biracial study of arterial pressures in the first and second decades of life.

The blood pressures of young Black and White American schoolchildren were measured and compared with those of Nigerian children of similar ages. Both diastolic and systolic pressures were consistently higher in the Nigerian children than in the Americans, both Black and White. The White children had the lowest pressures at each age. The mean weights and heights at each age were not significantly different in the three groups. Although the blood pressure of African children was higher than that of Black Americans, mean adult pressures are known to be similar in both groups. This suggests that the difference in childhood pressures must be due more to environmental factors than to genetic ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Instrumental conditioning of human heart rate during free and controlled respiration.

The effect of respiratory constraint on heart rate control was assessed in a biofeedback situation with feedback consisting of changes in both illumination level and intensity of pre-recorded baby's cry. Subjects were reinforced for alternately increasing and decreasing heart rate on each of seven days during which respiration was unconstrained (Phase 1). This phase was followed by eight days when respiration was constrained during training sessions with a control respirator (Phase 2). Seven additional days of training followed in the unconstrained situation (Phase 3). Results indicate that the control of heart rate in biofeedback situations is very closely related to respiratory and other somatic activity. The implication of these findings for the field of visceral control is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Renal vascular tone in essential and secondary hypertension: hemodynamic and angiographic responses to vasodilators.

The renal vascular response to graded doses of acetylcholine, dopamine and phentolamine, assessed by xenon washout and selective arteriography was used to define the relative contribution of fixed and reversible vascular abnormalities to increased renal vascular resistance in patients with essential or secondary hypertension. The increase in blood flow induced by acetylcholine and dopamine was blunted strikingly in patients with advanced nephrosclerosis, chronic pyelonephritis and polycystic kidney disease and was normal in the kidney contralateral to a significant renal artery stenosis. Conversely, the response to both was potentiated in 9 of 13 (69%) patients with mild essential hypertension. Equivalent potentiation of the response to acetylcholine was induced in normal subjects by increasing renal vascular tone pharmacologically with angiotensin. Phentolamine infused into the renal artery also increased renal blood flow significantly in 6 of 9 (67%) patients with mild essential hypertension, but in none of 15 normal subjects, over a dose reange that paralleled that for alpha-adrenergic blockade. Changes in the selective renal arteriogram were in excellent accord: potentiated response to acetylcholine, phentolamine or dopamine was associated with reversal of the small vessel abnormalities visualized in the arteriogram. The reduced blood flow response in advanced nephrosclerosis or parenchymal disease was associated with a reduced angiographic change during dilator infusion. The results suggest a quantitatively important, functional renal vascular abnormality--perhaps mediated by the sympathetic nervous system--in many patients with mild essential hypertension. Conversely the renal vascular abnormality associated with advanced nephrosclerosis or renal parenchymal disease is largely fixed and is probably due to organic changes.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pyomyositis of the thigh due to Prevotella melaninogenica.

Pyomyositis is an uncommon infection in temperate climates, however, it is being more frequently reported among patients with diabetes or malignancy, or those who are immunocompromised. It is predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and rarely by Bacteroides species. Pyomyositis due to Prevotella melaninogenica has not previously been reported. We describe an elderly patient with pyomyositis of the thigh due to P. melaninogenica which was successfully treated by surgical incision and drainage in combination with metronidazole therapy.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Red cell lithium-sodium countertransport and sodium-potassium cotransport in patients with essential hypertension.

Alterations in sodium countertransport and cotransport have been reported in red cells of patients with essential hypertension. We have investigated the relationship between these two systems by performing simultaneous measurements of the maximal rates of lithium-sodium (Li1-Na0) countertransport and outward sodium-potassium (Na-K) cotransport in red cells from normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Li1-Na0 countertransport was assayed by measuring the Na0-stimulated Li efflux from cells loaded to contain 10 mmoles Li per liter of cells by incubation in isotonic LiCl. Na-K cotransport was assayed by measuring the furosemide-sensitive component of Na and K efflux into magnesium-sucrose medium from cells loaded by the p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS) procedure to obtain 50 mmoles of both ions per liter of cells. The mean values (+/- SE) for 16 normotensives and 22 hypertensives were (mmole/liter cells x hour): Na countertransport = 0.29 +/- 0.02 vs 0.51 +/- 0.03 (p less than 0.001); Na cotransport = 0.30 +/- 0.03 vs 0.51 +/- 0.05 (p less than 0.005); and K cotransport = 0.34 +/- 0.03 vs 0.60 +/- 0.04 (p less than 0.005). Li1-Na0 countertransport correlated significantly with Na cotransport (r = 0.50, n = 38, p less than 0.005) and K cotransport (r = 0.57, p less than 0.005). This observation suggests that both transport systems are somehow regulated to be more active in this group of hypertensive patients. The increased cotransport in hypertensive patients is also apparent from two other measurements of Na and K fluxes in red cells suspended in Na medium. First, the furosemide-sensitive net Na efflux into Na medium was (mean +/- SE) 0.25 +/- 0.05 in 10 normotensive subjects and 0.50 +/- 0.09 in 12 hypertensive patients. Second, the furosemide-sensitive net K efflux into Na medium was (mean +/- SE) 0.25 +/- 0.04 in 13 normotensive subjects and 0.43 +/- 0.04 in 16 hypertensive patients (p less than 0.005). We conclude that mean values for both Na countertransport and Na-K cotransport are significantly higher in the group of hypertensives than in the group of normal control subjects.

Biological Transport↗