PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

H Stalsberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Stalsberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Cervical intraepithelial neoplasms. Persistency and recurrence after laser surgery].

Between 1983 and 1988, 402 women, with ages ranging from 18 to 73 years were treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using the CO2-laser. 89 patients underwent vaporization and 313 conization. Preoperative biopsy examination showed CIN III in 214 patients. Five cases of invasive cancer were diagnosed, either preoperatively (two cases), after conization (two cases) or on both occasions (one case). At the first postoperative examination residual disease was found in 21 patients of the vaporization group (23.6%) and in 13 patients of the conization group (4.3%). Later examinations (after 5-70 months) revealed recurrence in 10 patients in the vaporization group (11%) and in 13 patients in the conization group (4.3%). Median time for recurrence was 11 months. 30 patients were treated twice or more. No case of invasive cancer was diagnosed after treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cigarette smoking and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III, and cancer of the cervix uteri.

The relation between cigarette smoking and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, grade III (CIN III), and cervical cancer was examined among a cohort of 6,812 women in Tromsö, Norway, between 1980 and 1989. During the 52,844 person-years of observation, 185 incident cases (177 women with CIN III and eight with cervical cancer) were recorded in the regional pathology registry. The age-adjusted incidence rates of CIN III and cervical cancer were 267/100,000 person-years among women who had never smoked, 183/100,000 person-years among exsmokers, and 476/100,000 person-years among current smokers. A multivariate model containing terms for age, marital status, and frequency of intoxication yielded a relative rate for current smokers compared with nonsmokers of 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.2). Statistical trend tests for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (never, 1-14, and greater than or equal to 15 cigarettes), years of smoking (never, 1-9, and greater than or equal to 10 years), and age started smoking (less than 16, 16-18, 19-21, and greater than or equal to 22 years) all yielded significant results. These findings support the opinion that CIN III and cervical cancer are a smoking-related disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade III.

The temporal relationship between cervical infection with Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) or human papillomavirus (HPV) and the incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade three (CIN III) was examined in a cohort of 43,016 Norwegian women. From 1980 to 1989, a cervico-vaginal infection from TV and HPV was diagnosed cytologically in 988 and 678 women, respectively. During the 181,240 person-years of observation, 440 cases of CIN III/cervical cancer developed. The age-adjusted incidence rates (IR) of CIN III were 225 per 100,000 person-years among women with no cytologic evidence of infection, 459 among women with TV infection, and 729 among women with HPV infection. A multiple regression model yielded a relative rate (RR) of CIN III of 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-3.4) among women with TV infection and 3.5 (CI = 1.9-6.6) among women with HPV infection, compared with women with neither infection. As CIN can be misclassified as HPV infection, the entry Pap-smears of 10 women with HPV infection who later developed CIN III were re-examined. Excluding the four discordant cases with the corresponding person-years decreased the RR of CIN III to 2.1 (CI = 0.9-4.8). Our report demonstrates the limitations of studies that rely only on cytologic detection of HPV infection. Nevertheless, the results support the hypothesis that HPV is a causal factor for CIN III lesions, and also display an association between TV infection and cervical neoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Oral contraceptive use and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the relationship between oral contraceptive use and the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective follow-up study of 6622 women participating in the Second Tromsö Study conducted in 1979 and 1980 in Tromsö, Norway, women aged 20 to 49 years answered a questionnaire regarding their smoking history, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and oral contraceptive use. They were then followed for 10 years with data from the Pathology Registry of the University Hospital. RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 897 per 100,000 person years among noncurrent and 1295 per 100,000 person years among current oral contraceptive users as of 1979. After adjusting for age, marital status, smoking, and frequency of alcohol intoxication the relative rate for current users was 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.1), and the relative rate for past users was 1.4 (95% confidence interval 1.0 to 1.8), as compared with those who had never used oral contraceptives before 1979. CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is increased by oral contraceptive use.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The validity of frozen section diagnosis based on video-microscopy.

To investigate the accuracy of video-microscopy of frozen sections, two pathologists reexamined 80 cases of archival material, on which frozen sections had previously been performed. Diagnoses based on the two trials (Observer 1 and 2) and diagnoses obtained in the original frozen section situation were compared with the final diagnoses based on paraffin embedded material. Observer 1 had two false negative diagnoses, but no false positive, whereas Observer 2 had one false positive, but no false negative diagnosis when compared with the final diagnoses. No false positive or false negative diagnoses were made in the original frozen sections situation and the number of inconclusive diagnoses were 5, as compared with 6 and 8 in the two trials based on video-microscopy. More experience with video-microscopy will probably achieve a quality of frozen section diagnoses similar to that of direct light-microscopy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1991

Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer in men.

Data from a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in men were used to examine the hypothesis that occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields increases the risk of breast cancer. Incident cases (n = 227) diagnosed between 1983 and 1987 were obtained from 10 population-based cancer registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute. Controls (n = 300) were selected by random digit dialing and from Medicare eligibility lists. Exposure status, defined as ever having been employed in a job which has been classified as involving potential exposure to electromagnetic fields, was assigned without knowledge of case/control status. An elevated risk was found for any job with exposure (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8, 95 percent confidence interval (CI) 1.0-3.7), and risk was highest among electricians, telephone linemen, and electric power workers (OR = 6.0, 95 percent CI 1.7-21) and radio and communications workers (OR = 2.9, 95 percent CI 0.8-10). Risk did not vary with duration of exposed employment. The risk was highest among subjects who were first employed in jobs with exposure before the age of 30 years and who were initially exposed at least 30 years prior to diagnosis. These results lend support to the theory that electromagnetic fields may be related to breast cancer in men. The hypothesis warrants evaluation in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Breast cancer in men: aspects of familial aggregation.

Familial aggregation of breast cancer in males was investigated in a population-based case-control study. Cases were ascertained from 10 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registries in the United States between 1983 and 1986. Controls were identified by random-digit dialing and from lists of Medicare recipients. The relative odds of developing breast cancer were similar in men with affected paternal and maternal relatives and in men with affected mothers and sisters. The risk increased with the number of affected relatives. The relative odds of developing breast cancer were greater in men with first-degree relatives who developed their mammary neoplasm before the age of 45 than in men with older first-degree affected relatives; the enhancement of risk in men with an affected sister was greater in those under age 60 than in older men. These results are similar to those observed by others in studies of breast cancer in women.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Remote frozen section service: a telepathology project in northern Norway.

We discuss the organization of a remote frozen section service in northern Norway. The service is operated by remote control of a motorized video-microscope located at Kirkenes Hospital, at a distance of more than 400 km from the workstation at the University Hospital in Tromsø. The video images of the frozen section are transmitted via a two-way telephone and video telenetwork with a 2 Mbit/s capacity. The images are displayed on monitors and diagnosed by pathologists in Tromsø. To date, 17 patients have been examined by remote frozen section. Correct benign versus malignant diagnoses have been given in all 17 cases compared with final diagnoses based on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material. The average time taken for examining each frozen section was 15 minutes (range, 5 to 30 minutes). In none of the cases was the interpretation of the slides difficult due to deficient quality of the video images. For small hospitals with limited availability of local pathology services and for hospitals with a deficiency of specialists, telepathology may be a worthwhile substitute.

Equipment and Supplies, Hospital↗
PubMed1991

Combined oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate and breast cancer: results of a case-control study.

The main subject of this hospital-based case-control study was the possible relationship between use of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) containing chlormadinone acetate and breast cancer. Analyses were based on data from 490 cases with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 1,223 controls and were separately performed for combined OCs with and without chlormadinone. For either of the combined OCs, risk was not elevated in ever users, did not increase with duration of use and did not change with time since initial exposure or with time since most recent use. However, the relative risk was increased in current users: RR = 1.72 (0.88, 3.36) for combined OCs with chlormadinone and RR = 1.42 (1.01, 2.00) for combined OCs without chlormadinone, which is, however, explained as a screening effect. These results show that chlormadinone as a constituent of combined OCs does not influence breast cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Topographic criteria in the diagnosis of tumor emboli in intramammary lymphatics.

Topographic relationships to adjacent structures were used as criteria to identify intramammary lymphatics with tumor emboli in breast cancer patients, in addition to conventional morphologic criteria. Patterns of relationship to blood vessels, non-neoplastic lobules and ducts, and empty lymphatics were defined. Ninety-five cases were independently reviewed by two observers. Interobserver reproducibility of the diagnosis of lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) was 82% (kappa 0.60). The observers agreed on the presence of LVI in 23 patients (24%), of whom 21 (91%) had positive lymph nodes. Only among patients in whom more than ten emboli were identified was the frequency of positive lymph nodes markedly higher than in the total material. The location of tumor emboli relative to the invasive tumor was of little significance. LVI was a more powerful predictor of lymph node status than tumor size, margin contour, histologic grade and histologic type, and was highly significant also when controlled for these features.

Breast↗
PubMed1989

Histologic types of breast carcinoma in relation to international variation and breast cancer risk factors. WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives.

Associations between breast cancer risk factors and histologic types of invasive breast carcinoma were studied in 2,728 patients. Lobular and tubular carcinomas occurred with increased relative frequency in most high-risk groups. The proportion of these types increased with age to a maximum at 45-49 years and decreased in the following decade. Significantly increased proportions of lobular and tubular carcinomas were also associated with high-risk countries, prior benign breast biopsy, bilateral breast cancer, concurrent mammary dysplasia, high age at first live birth, never-pregnant patients compared to those with a first live birth before age 20, private pay status, and length of education. Nonsignificant increases were associated with family history of breast cancer, less than 5 live births, less than 25 months total of breast feeding, use of oral contraceptives or IUD, and high occupational class. As a general trend, the higher the overall relative risk, the higher the proportion of lobular and tubular carcinomas. The occurrence of other histologic types also increased with increased breast cancer risk, but to a smaller degree than for lobular/tubular carcinomas. It is suggested that all hormonally related, socio-economic and geographic risk factors exert their effect by selectively increasing number of lobular cells at risk. Family history of breast carcinoma and age over 49 years did not follow the general trend parallel increases in the proportion of lobular/tubular carcinomas and breast cancer risk, and may operate through other mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A snow avalanche in Vassdalen. Medical experiences].

Of 31 soldiers caught by an avalanche in Northern Norway, one was not buried, 13 were partly buried and 17 were completely buried by the mass of snow. Only one of the completely buried soldiers survived. On admission to hospital after being buried by snow for three hours he had moderate hypothermia. The cause of death in the other 16 was most probably general compression of the body with acute respiratory and circulatory failure. Five of the 13 partly buried had physical traumas. None of the nine attempts at resuscitation succeeded. Self-rescue and rescue by friends were most important to the soldiers who survived. We discuss aspects of the organized rescue operation.

Accidents↗
PubMed1989

Mechanism of death in avalanche victims.

The autopsies of 12 victims from two snow avalanches in North-Norway are reported. Supportive evidence from non-autopsied and surviving victims is included. Consistent autopsy findings were prominent lung oedema, moderate cerebral oedema, extreme contraction of the left ventricle, petechiae in the superior vena cava drainage area, and acute congestion in lungs and kidneys. In four cases in whom no resuscitation was attempted, aortic oxygen pressure was in the range expected in pure asphyxial-type deaths in one and in pure cardiac-type deaths in three. No air pocket was seen in front of the mouth and nose in any of the fatal cases. Three fatal cases had fractures. It is concluded that the immediate cause of death in most cases was general body compression with acute respiratory and circulatory failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Basal cell adenomatosis of minor salivary glands of the upper lip.

The basal cell adenoma is one of the more commonly occurring types of salivary tumors in the upper lip. A case with multiple (five) tumors is presented and the literature reviewed. This lesion would be more correctly designated as an adenomatosis. In spite of its frequent multicentricity, recurrence is unusual following surgical removal.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Observer variation in histologic classification of malignant and borderline ovarian tumors.

Eight hundred sixty-nine primary malignant or borderline ovarian tumors reported to the Norwegian Cancer Registry were reviewed. The histologic slides were randomly distributed to six observers and classified according to the World Health Organization classification of ovarian tumors. By rotation of slides, each tumor was successively reviewed by three observers. Each observer was given approximately 40 duplicates of slides he or she had typed before, mixed in with the slides for the third review. A contracted version of the classification with 27 entries was used in the analysis. Mean intraobserver reproducibility was 62% (kappa, 0.53), varying from 50% to 75% (kappa, 0.34 to 0.70) for the individual observers. The mean rate of agreement between two observers was 56% (kappa, 0.46), varying from 46% to 65% for the individual pairs of observers. The rate of full agreement among three observers was 41%. The most common disagreements were between different specific types of carcinoma, between undifferentiated and differentiated carcinoma, between borderline and malignant tumors, between unclassified and classified carcinoma, and between mixed and pure types of carcinoma. Very low reproducibility was obtained for mixed and unclassified carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Male breast cancer from pacemaker pocket.

One year following implantation of a mercury zinc pulse generator under the right breast, a 75-year-old man developed an ulcerative tumor of the nipple. Initially, the process was misinterpreted as a pacemaker pocket infection, until a diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma was made. The patient died from generalized metastases. To our knowledge, the association of a pacemaker implant and male breast cancer has not been previously reported; the probability of this occurring by chance seems rather low.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1984

Angiosarcoma of the heart. Unusual presentation and survival after treatment.

A 49 year old man presented with severe cyanosis and dyspnoea on exercise. Clinical examination together with echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation, and angiography showed a balloting tumour in the right atrium, intermittently occluding the tricuspid ostium, and an atrial right to left shunt. At operation a pedunculated vascular tumour was found with a broad base which was embedded in the atrial wall and continued into the interventricular septum. Histological examination showed angiosarcomatous features and signs of a less than radical excision. The patient, who made an uneventful recovery, was given postoperative radiotherapy. After 36 months there are no signs of recurrence or metastasis.

Adult↗