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Biomedical subjects

H Toki

Publications and source records attributed to H Toki.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[A phase I study of 4'-epi-adriamycin, a new anthracycline anticancer agent].

A phase I study of 4'-Epi-Adriamycin, a new derivative of Adriamycin, was carried out in 36 cases with various malignant tumors, among which 30 cases were evaluable. Starting dose was 10 mg/m2 and this was increased up to 80 mg/m2. The dose limiting factor was leukopenia. Leukocyte nadir was reached about two weeks after administration and about nine days (mean) were needed for recovery. Other main side effects were anorexia, nausea vomiting, and alopecia. These side effects were mainly observed in cases given doses of over of 60 mg/m2. However, there were only a few serious cases suggesting that the clinical toxicities of 4'-Epi-Adriamycin were milder than those of Adriamycin. From the result of this study, it appeared that maximum tolerated dose of the drug is 80 mg/m2, and the dose recommended for the phase II study is 60 mg/m2 every three weeks.

Anorexia↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical significance of the bone marrow examination in small cell carcinoma of the lung].

To study the clinical relevance of bone-marrow metastasis, bone-marrow biopsy and aspiration from the posterior iliac crest were performed in 11 consecutive patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. Six of the 11 patients (54.5%) showed tumor cell involvement in the bone marrow. In 4 patients with bone-marrow metastasis, myelocytes and metamyelocytes were present in the peripheral blood. Aspiration was diagnostically more valuable than bone-marrow biopsy. Bone scintigrams, using 99mTc-MDP, correlated with the bone-marrow involvement except in one case, where false-negative results were obtained. The areas of bone-marrow metastasis did not match well with the positive lesions detected by bone scintigraphy.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Surface markers and prognostic relevance of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma--clinical studies of lymphoma patients at the Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital].

We report data on the relationship between surface markers and prognosis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. Between 1979 and 1982 we encountered 47 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients and 6 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Of 27 lymphoma cases studied, surface marker studies revealed 12 (44%) to be of T-cell type, 13 (48%) of B-cell type and 2 (7%) of Null-cell type. Patients with T-cell type lymphoma manifested a poor prognosis compared to those with B-cell type. Four patients treated by chemotherapy experienced complete remission and survived by more than 3 years without relapse; they may be considered cured.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

[Organ distribution of 99m technetium-labeled OK-432 following intravenous administration in man].

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of OK-432, au immunomodulator of streptococcus preparation which, is used in cancer patients for active nonspecific immunotherapy. First, OK-432 was labeled with 99mTechnetium in vitro. Four patients with malignancy were studied. By the method of scintigraphy using gamma camera, OK-432 administered intravenously was found to be distributed in the liver, lung and spleen, by the decreasing grade. When OK-432 was administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in the buttocks, most of the radioactivity of 99mTechnetium remained locally at the injected site. These results suggested that OK-432 given intravenously was effectively phagocytized by cells of reticuloendothelial system (RES). Compared with other routes of administration, the intravenous route of OK-432 administration is thus considered more effective in order to stimulate RES, which is responsible for the first step of immune reaction.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1981

Organ distributions and clearance studies of 99mtechnetium-labeled Corynebacterium parvum in patients with leukemia.

The clearance, metabolism and localization of Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum) labeled with 99mtechnetium (99mTc) given intravenously was studied in various leukemia patients to develop the method and to evaluate reticuloendothelial systems (RES) function. A computer program was utilized to characterize the clearance. C. parvum 0.05 mg was labeled aseptically with 10 mCi of 99mTc with a reducing agent. It was injected intravenously over 5 s and clearance was characterized over the next 60 min. The low dose of C. parvum did not cause any symptoms. The blood or plasma clearance time (t 1/2) was in the range of 0.65 to 1.96 min, in eight patients. By whole body imaging, the distribution of C. parvum was found mainly in the liver, and to a much lesser extent in the spleen, lungs, and bone marrow. Nonparticulate 99mTc (which was not sedimented by centrifugation of blood samples at 3000 rpm for 30 min) appeared rapidly in the blood after i.v. injection accounting for more than half of the radioactivity in a few minutes. In vitro incubation of 99mTc labeled C. parvum with saline, whole blood, serum or leukocytes revealed that the release of free 99mTc resulted from the combined action of serum and leukocytes. The rapid clearance will limit the utility of this preparation in characterizing RES function in man and its modification by disease or therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Use of mini-microaggregated albumin to study reticuloendothelial system (RES) function in C. parvum-treated animals.

Mini-microaggregated albumin colloid (particle size less than 80 A) and microaggregated albumin colloid (particle size 500-1000 A) made from human serum albumin were conjugated with 99mtechnetium and used to study reticuloendothelial system (RES) function in animals treated intravenously with C. parvum. The uptake in blood, liver and spleen were studied in untreated mice and in mice at various times after treatment with 150 or 300 micrograms of C. parvum. The blood clearance of these materials was studied in rabbits before and at various times after treatment with 0.5 mg/kg of C. parvum. In mice, 80 A-microaggregated albumin was cleared significantly faster from the blood and localized to a greater extent in the liver and spleen after C. parvum treatment. There was a positive correlation between the increased organ weight induced by C. parvum and the accelerated clearance of 80 A-microaggregated albumin. The 80 A-microaggregated albumin was also cleared more rapidly from the blood of rabbits after C. parvum treatment. These studies suggest that 80 A-microaggregated albumin labeled with 99mTc is a useful tool for study of RES function in animals and because of its relatively long t 1/2 may also be useful for studies of human RES function.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Host defense deficiency in hairy cell leukemia and its correction by leukocyte transfusion.

A similar defect host defense mechanisms in hairy cell leukemia was defined in two patients. Surface-adherent monocytes were not detected in the peripheral blood nor were monocytes that mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to isoantibody-coated human erythrocytes. In addition, lymphocytes of both patients failed to show blastogenic responses to concanavalin A (Con-A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) but showed a vigorous response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Other immunologic abnormalities were present but were either moderate in degree or were not present in both patients. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses were fully restored by incubation of patients' leukocytes with a normal donor's adherent monocytes. One patient received daily allogeneic leukocyte transfusion for 4 days. This resulted in complete normalization of monocyte adherence and ADCC that persisted for several months after transfusion and was associated with hemotalogic improvement. Therapy in case 1 resulted in correction of the blastogenic responses to Con-A and PWM. Thus, a host defense defect in hairy cell leukemia has been defined in 2 patients and a preliminary result suggests that therapy with leukocyte transfusions may be useful in the postsplenectomy patient with an infectious complication and should be explored further.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1977

The relationship of cellular immunity to prognosis in acute leukemia.

Forty-five patients with acute leukemia were compared on cellular immunity measures versus prognosis. The patients were treated according a multicombination therapy protocol. The purified protein derivative (PPD) test and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) test on admission indicated low positive percentages. In acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients, the 50% survival durations were 11 months in the PPD positive group and 6 months in the PPD negative group. In acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients, the 50% survival durations were 21 months in the PPD positive group and 13 months in the PPD negative group. Peripheral lymphocyte blastogenesis by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was examined at various clinical stages. The stimulation indices were generally low, and no correlation was found between the PHA test and clinical stages. These cellular immunity measures appeared to reflect one aspect of the clinical condition in acute leukemia patients, and further studies are needed for predicting prognosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Normal chemotactic activity of granulocytes obtained by filtration leucapheresis.

The chemotactic activity of granulocytes obtained by the Terumo Filtration Leucapheresis System (F.L.) was examined by the method of Boyden's chamber. The number of cells migrating through the Millipore filter was expressed as the chemotactic activity. The mean values were 117 for the F.L. and 122 in a control, in which cells were collected from the same donor blood using dextran sedimentation. The results suggested that the in vitro chemotactic function of granulocytes obtained by F.L. was within normal limits.

Chemotaxis↗
PubMed1976

Preserved cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia.

"Smoldering acute leukemia", a variant of acute myelogenous leukemia, has been recognized with frequent incidence in recent years. This is chracterized by benign clinical course, poor physical findings, leukopenia and mild anemia in the peripheral blood, and apparent infiltration of abnormal myeloblasts in the bone marrow. Immunological studies of the host defence mechanism were made, because the pathogenesis of its "smoldering" course has never been well understood. Nine cases, seen during last 2 years, were investigated for immunological profile, especially the cellular immunity. Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, i.e., tuberculin test, was found to be positive in 8 of 9 cases (88.9%). Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) sensitization test showed to be positive in 4 of 6 cases examined (66.9%). Peripheral lymphocyte balstogenesis by stimulating with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated using the smear counting method. The blastoid lymphocyte ratio was 55% at the median value (range: 31-68%), compared with 63% in normal young control (age: 25-32) and 41% in normal aged control (age: 60-75). In this report, the cellular immunity in smoldering acute leukemia was proved to be preserved at the normal level and to be more competent than that in aged group. The preserved cellular immunity is considered to explain the phenomenon of "smoldering", in other words, the exacerbating proliferation of leukemic cells is suppressed by immuno-surveillance system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Absence of anti-neocarzinostatin (NCS) antibody production in leukemia patients treated with NCS.

Neocarzinostain (NCS) was first used by Hiraki and his colleagues for induction chemotherapy in acute leukemia. This new anti-tumor agent is a polypeptide with a high molecular weight of 10,700 daltons. Anti-NCS antibody was produced in rabbits administered NCS intramuscularly with or without adjuvant. The production of anti-NCS antibody in patients treated with NCS was investigated. Forty three leukemia cases of various types were examined totally 65 times. Two mg of NCS for four consecutive days by intravenous drip infusion followed by 7 to 10 days of pause was repeatedly administered. The total amounts ranged 8 to 174 mg and the total periods 4 to 87 days. The methods used to measure the antibody titer are the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test on microplate and the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in guinea pigs. The sera of all patients showed only non-specific agglutination at less than 2(3) dilution by PHA test, and to confirm these results four patient sera were tested by PCA reaction. The production of anti-NCS antibody was not detected in patients by PHA test and PCA reaction. The anaphylactic reaction and other adverse reactions due to anti-NCS adtibody production were not demonstrated in patients. Anti-NCS antibody was not detected by these experiments in the dose schedule administered.

Anaphylaxis↗