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H Tulinius

Publications and source records attributed to H Tulinius.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Iceland. A study of the occurrence in families and the coexistence of other primary tumours.

This paper presents evidence from Iceland which indicates that papillary thyroid carcinoma occurs in certain families more often than expected. Thyroid carcinoma was also seen to coexist with some other cancer types more often than expected. We studied all families (n = 373) with papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed between 1955 and 1984 in Iceland. Familial papillary carcinoma occurred in 3.8% of these families. This frequency was higher than expected but not significantly increased. Second primaries in women, and especially the incidence of kidney and breast cancer, were significantly increased. Cancer of the kidney and CNS tumours were significantly increased in propositi when both sexes were taken together. No increase in the incidence of other malignancies was observed in first degree relatives of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Familial and sporadic breast cancer cases in Iceland: a comparison related to ABO blood groups and risk of bilateral breast cancer.

This study was aimed at determining whether the familial clustering often observed in breast cancer is associated with genetic factors. We compared familial and sporadic breast cancer cases with respect to ABO blood group distribution and the risk of bilateral disease, using the data from the Icelandic Cancer Registry which contains genealogical information for about 30% of the breast cancer cases diagnosed in Iceland since 1911. Cases were classified as familial if at least one first-degree relative had breast cancer. Using this criterion, we identified 184 familial cases and 572 sporadic cases. The familial cases had a 2-fold higher prevalence of blood group B than did the sporadic cases, and the frequency of this blood group in non-affected relatives of cases was significantly reduced. Familial cases were about 2.7 times more likely to suffer from bilateral breast cancer than were the sporadic patients. These results support the presence of a genetic factor in the etiology of familial breast cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1988

Gastric cancer after gastrectomy.

Inhabitants of Iceland who had undergone gastric resection for non-malignant diseases between 1930 and 1974 were identified and followed up at the Icelandic Cancer Registry in order to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer subsequent to gastric resection. There were 1,214 males and 581 females, contributing 30,792 person/years. The results show an overall 1.16-fold, not significant, increase in the relative risk for gastric cancer. In the first 15 years after operation the risk was decreased, 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-0.90, but from 15 years or more following operation, the risk was 2.17, 95% CI 1.46-3.10. We conclude that for these subjects the risk is not significantly increased. Patients surviving 15 years or more after operation have an increased risk (p less than 0.001), but they do not contribute substantially to the number of gastric cancer patients in Iceland.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Tumours in Iceland. 10. Malignant tumours of the female breast. A histological classification, laterality, survival and epidemiological considerations.

The Icelandic Cancer Registry has records of 1,720 cases of malignant tumours of the female breast diagnosed in 1,659 patients in the 30-year period 1955-1984. Of these, 1,658 tumours were invasive. Sufficient histological material existed for 1,666 malignant tumours to make it possible to classify them according to the criteria published by the WHO. The most frequent histological type was Ductal carcinoma: 1,064 neoplasms, or 64%. Second in frequency was Lobular carcinoma: 175 neoplasms, or 10%; third was Mucinous carcinoma: 115 neoplasms, or 7%; and fourth in frequency was Medullary carcinoma: 69 neoplasms, or 4%. The incidence of carcinoma of the breast increased by 74% from 37.0 per 100,000 per annum in 1955-59 to 64.4 per 100,000 in 1980-84. This increase in incidence affected all morphological types, but Lobular and Mucinous more than Ductal and Medullary. The survival times have improved with time. Unilateral tumours were 710 in the right and 837 in the left breast. Both breasts were involved 167 times (106 patients), and in 6 patients the side was not recorded. A second primary was more likely to develop when the first one was in the right breast. This study of malignant tumours of the breast is the tenth in a series of investigations into histological classification of tumours occurring in Iceland.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid cancer in Iceland 1955-1984.

A retrospective study was carried out on the incidence of thyroid cancer in Iceland from 1955 to 1984. During this 30-year period 406 cases of thyroid cancer were registered. The incidence of 9.5 for females and 3.4 for males per 100,000 per year is at least twice as high as in the other Nordic countries and among the highest incidence figures reported anywhere. A considerable increase in the reported incidence of thyroid cancer was noted around 1965. The mean size of the cancer nodules at diagnosis decreased at the same time and survival rates of patients improved. The incidence decreased again during the last 5 years of the study period. Mortality rates remained similar during this 30-year period. The survival rate corrected for intercurrent death was similar for both papillary and follicular carcinomas. All patients with anaplastic carcinomas died within one year of diagnosis. Cox's regression analysis with multiple covariates revealed that age at diagnosis, anaplastic and medullary history type as compared with papillary type, pathological evaluation of tumour extent, and calendar period of diagnosis had significant prognostic power. Sex and follicular vs papillary histology type were not significant prognostic factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Mortality and cancer incidence among marine engineers and machinists in Iceland.

A retrospective cohort study of mortality and cancer morbidity was carried out among 295 marine engineers and 182 machinists with special regard to cancer of the lung. The cohort was defined as all graduates from engineering and machinists school in Iceland during 1936-1955. During vocational training, as well as in their professional lives, marine engineers and machinists are exposed to asbestos, different kinds of mineral oils, and exhaust gases with marked individual variation as regards mode and magnitude of exposure. For deaths occurring between 1951 and 1982 information was obtained from the Statistical Bureau of Iceland. Significantly increased standardized mortality ratios were determined for cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung for the entire cohort. Record linkage with the Cancer Register revealed 36 cancers in the period 1955-1982. No statistically significant excess was found for the overall cancer incidence or for the incidence of cancer at any particular site. A special survey of smoking status showed that cigarette smoking was not as common among the subjects of the cohort as among the general male population in Reykjavik. These results support the suggestion that the increased mortality of lung cancer in the study group had a causal relationship to occupational exposure, particularly to asbestos exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tumours in Iceland. 9. Malignant tumours of the ovary. A histological classification, epidemiological considerations and survival.

In the period 1955-1979, 337 patients with carcinoma of the ovary were reported to the Icelandic Cancer Registry. Sufficient histological material existed for 314 of these to make it possible to classify the tumours according to the Histological Typing of Ovarian Tumours of WHO (11). The tumour was in the right ovary in 85 and the left in another 85 patients. In 137 patients both ovaries were involved at the time of diagnosis and in 30 patients the side was not known. The most frequent tumours were the group of serous adenocarcinomas, papillary adenocarcinomas and papillary cystadenocarcinomas (IA3a), occurring in 113 patients, giving an age-standardized incidence of 4.4 per 100.000. Second in frequency was the endometrioid adenocarcinoma (IC3a1), in 58 patients, and the third the group of mucinous adenocarcinoma and cystadenocarcinomas (IB3a) in 43 patients. The fourth type in frequency was undifferentiated carcinoma (IG) in 18 patients. During the period, the overall incidence of ovarian cancer did not change. However, there was an increase in the frequency of mucinous and endometrioid types of carcinoma and a decrease in serous carcinoma. Granulosa cell carcinoma was found to have been under-reported to the Icelandic Cancer Registry. ABO blood groups for 192 of the patients were available and showed a significant excess of blood group A, with patients of blood group B significantly fewer than expected. This study of malignant tumours of the ovary is the ninth in a series of investigations into the histological classification of tumours occurring in Iceland during the 20-year period between 1955 and 1974. The tumours occurring in the period 1975-1979 were included in this particular study to increase the number available for classification.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Mass screening for breast cancer.

Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in women. There is a certain correlation between the stage of the disease at diagnosis and outcome after treatment. Several studies have been initiated involving mammography with or without physical examination aimed at early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. In order to review the results to date, a meeting was held in Reykjavík in April 1984 organized by international and Icelandic health agencies and attended by senior investigators of the ongoing screening studies. A summary of the available data is presented in this paper along with the conclusions of the meeting.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic countries. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries.

Time trends and differentials in cancer incidence in the five Nordic countries, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, were investigated, using material collected by the cancer registries in each country. The incidence at all sites combined and at 23 anatomical sites was studied by age, birth cohort and time period. The maximum lengths of the trends were used for each country. In Denmark the material comprised all the tumours diagnosed in 1943-1980, in Finland and Norway those diagnosed in 1953-1980, in Iceland those diagnosed in 1955-1980, and in Sweden those diagnosed in 1958-1980. For males the age-adjusted cancer incidence rates at all sites combined were highest in Denmark and Finland, and lowest in Sweden and Norway. In females the incidence was highest in Denmark and Iceland, and lowest in Finland. The rates increased slightly for both sexes. For cancer of the pancreas, Hodgkin's disease, acute leukaemia and childhood cancer (all sites combined) the rates in all the Nordic countries were similar every year. For cancers of the stomach, colon, breast, corpus uteri, ovary, prostate, testis, urinary bladder, melanoma of the skin and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the trends were similar but on different levels. For cancers of the larynx and lung in males the rates in Finland decreased during the 1970s, whereas the rates were increasing in the other Nordic countries. For cancer of the rectum, the trend showed a decrease in Denmark but an increase in the other Nordic countries. For lip cancer the rate in Sweden was almost constant over time, but in Denmark, Finland and Norway a decrease occurred. For oesophageal cancer in males the rates decreased in Finland and Iceland in the 1970s, whereas in Denmark and Norway there was very little change, and in Sweden there was an increase in the rates. For cancer of the cervix uteri the rates started to decrease in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden in the mid-1960s, but in Norway not until some ten years later. The differentials between the countries were largest for cancers of the testis and thyroid, in which the highest incidence was five to six times as large as the lowest. For testicular cancer the rate was the highest in Denmark, for thyroid cancer in Iceland. For both of these cancers the rate was the lowest in Finland. Melanoma of the skin was the cancer with the most rapid increase in incidence with time in all the Nordic countries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Malignant melanoma of the uvea in Iceland 1955-1979.

During the 25-year period 1955 to 1979, 29 cases of malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body, and 4 cases of melanoma of the iris, were diagnosed in Iceland. Excluding the iris melanomas, the annual incidence rate per 100 000, adjusted to standardized Icelandic population, was 0.7 in males and 0.5 in females. No change in the incidence rate was noted over the period. There was no significant difference in incidence rates between urban and rural regions. At the time of 31st December, 1982, 19 patients with melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body had died. In 10 cases the cause of death was melanoma metastases. All deaths with metastases occurred within 5 years from the day of enucleation. In no case were metastases found before enucleation. Five year survival rates for all patients were 51%, 64% in males and 30% in females. This difference between the sexes was significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Late determinants of cancer.

The paper reviews some findings on the frequency of latent carcinoma. Latent carcinomas are found much more frequently in the prostate, than would be expected from mortality or incidence data. The same applies to neuroblastomas in the adrenal cortex in infants. The problem has not been studied in detail in other organs. A satisfactory explanation of spontaneous regression of human cancers or the variable disease-free survival time of cancer patients has not been found. It is concluded that defence mechanisms of paramount importance exist, and need to be studied. Recent reports on serum retinol and serum cholesterol are reviewed since these are both lower in people who later develop cancer. Much more knowledge is needed but these phenomena could be linked.

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

A medical record and information system for primary health care in Iceland. The Egilsstadir Project.

In Iceland a problem oriented medical record system for primary health care has been developed. A contact-form is used to record data on all contacts between the inhabitants in a district and the health center. A minicomputer is used for retrieval and analysis. One rural health center using this system has been successful in recording a basic set of data on all contacts taking place since 1976 and linking these data to the national register data for the population in the district. Most health centers in Iceland are now adopting this system, because it seems to be: A valuable aid in the treatment of patients, which improves the quality of the treatment. A useful source of information of the health of the population, which among other things makes possible the identification of those at special risk. A good instrument for research and teaching. A useful source of statistics on the primary care services.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Tumours in Iceland. 7. Malignant epithelial tumours of the lung. A histological classification, epidemiological considerations and relation to smoking.

All malignant epithelial tumours of the lung submitted for a histological diagnosis in Iceland during the 20 years, 1955-1974, and available for review, were typed histologically according to the World Health Organization Classification originally published in 1967 and later revised and republished in 1981. The series includes 355 tumours, 217 from males and 138 from females, and 78 per cent of all registered malignant tumours of the lung. Among males the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was about equal and adenocarcinoma was in the third place. Among females the incidence of adenocarcinoma was the highest and that of small cell carcinoma in second place, other types being much less frequent. During the period there was a rise in the incidence of all the major histological types in both sexes and the greatest rise was in adenocarcinoma, where the incidence doubled in males and tripled in females. Among European nations the incidence of lung carcinoma is the lowest for Icelandic males and the highest for Icelandic females. There is a close correlation between the sale of cigarettes and the incidence of lung carcinoma in Iceland. Among those lung carcinoma patients with known smoking histories, all with small cell carcinoma, almost all with squamous cell carcinoma and four out of five with adenocarcinoma were smokers.

Adenocarcinoma↗