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H Tulinius

Publications and source records attributed to H Tulinius.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Familial breast cancer in Iceland.

Women who have relatives known to have had breast cancer are at an increased risk of getting the disease compared with the general population. On the basis of an extensive collection of family trees of women with breast cancer, the magnitude of this increase in risk is computed. Previously published results on other breast cancer risk factors are drawn upon and it has been possible to take account of some of these e.g., age, decade of birth, age at first childbirth and parity in the risk estimates. The relative risk with such adjustment is found to be 2.59 for mothers and 2.56 for sisters.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Screening for cancer of the uterine cervix in Iceland 1965--1978.

The trends in the mortality and morbidity from cervical cancer in Iceland for the period 1965--1978 are examined in relation to the screening programme that began in 1964. By 1970 over 80% of the female population under the age of 65 had been screened at least once, and by 1977 over 65% of women under the age of 75 had been screened at least twice. Mortality fell by 60% between 1959--1970 and 1975--1978, with a corresponding fall in the incidence of advanced tumors. The mortality rates among the unscreened population are more than ten-fold greater than among the screened. The greater part of the fall in mortality is attributed to the mass screening programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Tumours in Iceland. 5. Malignant tumours of the cervix uteri. Histological types, clinical stages and the effect of mass screening.

The histological material from patients with invasive cervical carcinoma diagnosed in Iceland during the period 1955-1974 was reviewed and retyped in accordance with the WHO classification of tumours. Out of 314 malignant epithelial tumours 86.0 per cent were squamous carcinomas (subtypes: 6% microcarcinomas, 30% keratinizing, 45% non keratinizing and 5% small cell carcinomas), 9.0 per cent adenosquamous carcinoma, 3.5% adenocarcinoma and 1.5 per cent undifferentiated carcinoma. A mass screening for uterine cancer in the population, ages 25-59, led to an increased incidence of cervical carcinoma, due to the finding of early tumours (clinical stages IA and IB). The increase was most marked in the first five years of screening (1965-69). The screening did not increase the incidence of the more advanced stages and a longer observation will be needed to determine whether a decline will occur in such tumours. All the major histological types of cervical carcinoma appear to progress at the same rate through the clinical stages, from the early to the far advanced.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Incidence of different morphological types of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries.

In order to determine the incidence of different morphological types of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries, all cases of thyroid cancer reported to the national cancer registries of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden over periods ranging from 1 to 14 years were re-examined (a total of 706 cases) by one or two pathologists from each country. The age-adjusted incidence rate for Iceland was clearly higher than those for the other Nordic countries. The rate for Finland was the lowest, and a five-fold difference was seen between Iceland and Finland. The differences in the incidence rates applied to all age groups and to both sexes. The differences also concerned all histological types and were more pronounced for papillary and medullary carcinomas. In papillary carcinoma, an almost 10-fold difference was found between Finland and Iceland. The causes of the differences are not known. There has been and probably still is some endemic goitre in Finland, Norway and Sweden, but no endemic goitre occurs in Iceland. Thus, no positive association was found between the presence of endemic goitre and the risk of follicular carcinoma. There was a marked negative association between endemic goitre and the risk of papillary carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

Tumours in Iceland. 3. Malignant tumours of kidney. A histological classification.

Malignant tumours of the kidney occurring in Iceland during the year 1955-1974 were studied pathologically and typed histologically according to a classification proposed, but not yet published, by the World Health Organisation. Histological material was available from 89.2% and 84.0% of registered male and female patients respectively. Among males, renal cell carcinomas constituted 91.8%, transitional pelvic carcinomas 5.5% and nephroblastomas 2.7% of classified tumours. The corresponding figures for females were renal cell carcinomas 96.7%, transitional pelvic carcinomas 0.8%, and nephroblastomas 2.5%. The most frequent cell type of renal cell carcinoma group in both sexes was the combination of clear and granular cells, and the most frequent architecture was the combination of solid and tubular patterns. Renal cell carcinomas composed of pure granular cells were found in 22% of males and in 14% of females, and granular cells in combinations with all other cell types were also more common in males. In Iceland renal cell carcinoma is the fifth commonest malignant tumour in males and the tenth in females. The excess of granular cell tumours among males corresponds roughly to, and may account for, the sex difference in the frequency of renal cell carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Reproductive factors and risk for breast cancer in Iceland.

A previous publication has shown that there has been a great increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Iceland. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the importance of known risk factors connected with the reroductive history of the women. In a prospective investigation of a cohort of 31,453 women we confirmed previous findings of the increased risk following higher age at first pregnancy and for nulliparous women. The age at first pregnancy and the proportion of nulliparous women have decreased with time in the Icelandic population so that these factors should have tended to decrease the risk, making the found increase still more important. The effect of parity is that the risk decreases with larger number of children and this effect is independent of the effect of age at first pregnancy. Lower age at menarche increases the breast cancer risk, but the contribution of that factor to the overall risk is negligible.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Latent carcinoma of prostate at autopsy in seven areas. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France.

A world-wide comparative study of the frequency and characteristics of latent carcinoma of the prostate was undertaken in seven areas, using standardized methods and "blind" microscopic evaluation in order to reduce selection and observer bias. The morphological features of 350 latent carcinomas found in 1,327 prostates were examined. Two Chinese populations, from Hong Kong and Singapore, showed a low frequency of latent carcinoma in comparison with western Europeans in Sweden and the Federal Republic of Germany and negroes from Jamaica; an intermediate position was found for Israelis and black Ugandans. The frequency of small latent carcinomas was about 12% in all the areas investigated and did not vary with age. Rates for larger latent carcinomas increased sharply with age ans showed an area-to-area variation resembling that of clinical carcinoma of prostate. The small carcinomas were almost exclusively situated in the outer half of the prostate and latent carcinomas of all sizes were evenly distributed between the anterior and posterior halves of the prostate and the right and left sides of the outer prostatic shell. Certain disagreements in diagnosis were noted when the sections from each area were evaluated independently by a different pathologist. Most of these disagreements were resolved by re-reading the sections; their occurrence had no significant effect on the geographical comparisons.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

[Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Main sources of information on the epidemiology of malignant tumors are the statistical data on mortality and incidence and the studies on the distribution of frequencies. The mortality from non-Hodgkin's lymphomas ranges between 0.1 and 6 cases per 100 000 per year. Statistics upon incidence are based on cancer registers of the general population. The figures of incidence range between 1 and 10 cases per 100 000 per year ("Cancer Incidence in Five Continents"). Men are affected with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma twice as frequently as women. Burkitt's lymphoma and the lymphoma of small intestine are particularly interesting, showing a peculiar geographical and age distribution.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A decline and a halt in mean age at menarche in Iceland.

Mean age at menarche has been declining in many countries during the past hundred years. Reports of a halt in this trend have come from Oslo and London. In this study the trend in age at menarche in successive birth cohorts, starting in 1900, was investigated for the first time in Iceland. This was based on recall data obtained as part of a cervical cancer screening programme covering the whole country. Around 78% of the female population at the ages targeted for screening responded to questions on reproductive factors in the years 1964-89, or over 73,000 women aged 20-69 years. Investigation of the validity and reliability indicated that the estimated mean age is likely to be unbiased, and that for 90% of the women the information was reliable. Mean age at menarche declined from 14.9 years to 13.5 years in successive cohorts of Icelandic women born 1900 to around 1950. In cohorts born 1951-67 the mean age has remained stable. The halt appeared later than reported from Oslo and London and at a higher age.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of pregnancy on the survival of women diagnosed with breast cancer.].

OBJECTIVE: To answer the question whether the prognosis of women with breast cancer is affected by pregnancy after diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used information from the Icelandic Cancer Registry, the Birth Registry and the Genetic Committee. We identified all women who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the years 1927-1992 and who later became pregnant. Controls were women without a history of childbirth after diagnosis of breast cancer. They were matched on tumour size, axillary lymph node status and years of birth and diagnosis, with four year deviation. RESULTS: In the years 1927-1992, 838 women at ages below 50 were diagnosed with breast cancer in Iceland. Of those, 29 gave birth to a child after the diagnosis. Fourteen cases and 33 matched controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. Survival was better in the group of women who became pregnant after diagnosis, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.06). DISCUSSION: Our results do not indicate that the prognosis of women who become pregnant after the diagnosis of breast cancer is worse than of those who do not become pregnant. The group was too small to make definite conclusions. However, the results are in concordance with results from other studies.

English Abstract↗