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Biomedical subjects

I B Hanenson

Publications and source records attributed to I B Hanenson.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Occupational exposure to lead: effects on renal function.

Although nephrotoxicity is common following exposure to lead, the dose-response relationship in adults with occupational exposure is not well understood because information is lacking on early nephrotoxic effects. By the time serum urea nitrogen and creatinine levels are elevated, renal damage may be advanced and not fully reversible. Detailed investigations of renal glomerular and tubular function were performed in six adults with occupational exposure to lead. In all patients, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were within the normal range. GFR was decreased in all but two. Glucose reabsorptive capacity (TmG) was decreased in all, and this decrease was disproportionately greater than expected from the reduced GFR in all but one. Normal values for renal plasma flow (RFP) were observed in four of the six, and for rho-aminohippurate (PAH) secretory capacity (TmPAh) in all but one. Bicarbonate reabsorptive capacity (TmHCO3) and urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin were normal in all. Routine clinical laboratory tests are insensitive for the detection of early renal effects of heavy metal exposure. Measurements of renal tubular reabsorptive capacity for glucose appears to be a sensitive method for the early detection of renal effect of lead.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The relationship of biological indices of lead exposure to the health status of workers in a secondary lead smelter.

The fidelity with which common indices of lead exposure correlate with renal and hematopoietic function and with frequency of symptoms was studied. The subjects were men working in a secondary lead smelter. Among several indices of renal function, only serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was consistently correlated with any of the indices of lead exposure. The concentration of lead in blood(PbB), the rate of urinary excretion of lead (PbU) and of alpha aminolevulinic acid in the urine (ALAU) correlated with SUN. By contrast, erythrocytic porphyrin concentration (EP) did not correlate with SUN. Similarly, the frequency of occurrence of symptoms correlated well with PbB and ALAU but did not correlate with EP. All of the above indices of lead exposure, with the exception of PbU, correlated well with hemoglobin (Hb) status. In summary, these results suggest that PbB rather than EP is the best single exposure index for biological monitoring of lead workers. This measurement should be supplemented by peiodic determination of SUN and Hb.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Abuse and pulmonary complications of injecting pentazocine and tripelennamine tablets.

A current practice among drug abusers in certain Midwestern and Eastern cities is the intravenous injection of aqueous mixtures prepared from tablets of pentazocine and tripelennamine. Patients present with acute hypoxic episodes and symptoms suggesting physical dependence to pentazocine. Two cases are presented illustrating acute respiratory distress with hypoxia. Available evidence indicates that the respiratory syndrome is produced by talc from the injected tablets. Respiratory support and short-term oxygen therapy have been effective in managing this syndrome. Approaches to the treatment of pentazocine dependence and the role of the antihistamine in potentiating the narcotic activity are also discussed. Physicians, drug abuse counselors, and others should be aware of the abuse potential and pulmonary damage which can result from the intravenous use of this drug combination.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Lymphocytotoxins in epileptic patients receiving phenytoin.

The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and nature of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients receiving phenytoin. Of forty-six sera examined, lymphocytotoxins and antinuclear antibodies were detected in fourteen and eleven samples respectively. Antibodies to double-stranded RNA (poly-A-poly-U) were found in six out of thirty-eight sera studied. A highly significant correlation was found between the presence of lymphocytotoxins and antinuclear antibodies (chi2 = 9.72; P less than 0.01). Lymphocytotoxins were found to be of the IgM class, to have activity against T and B cells, and to be dependent on the presence of Ca and Mg ions for activity. These findings may have pathogenetic importance in the genesis of the altered immune state of patients reveiving phenytoin.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

Intravenous fructose treatment of acute alcohol intoxication. Effects on alcohol metabolism.

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of the intravenous administration of fructose in the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication. The study was prospective and double-blind, with glucose serving as the control. Treatment with glucose and fructose was determined by random selection. Fructose administration did not alter the clinical status or rate of alcohol metabolism as reflected by the decline in serum concentration. In addition, a significant elevation (P less than .05) in serum uric acid and lactate levels occurred in the patients receiving fructose. The results indicate that fructose is of no value in the treatment of acute alcohol intoxication, and produces metabolic abnormalities that could be harmful to the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in patients receiving psychotropic drugs.

Eight patients had cardiac manifestations that were life-threatening in five while taking psychotropic drugs, either phenothiazines or tricyclic antidepressants. Although most patients were receiving several drugs, Mellaril (thioridazine) appeared to be responsible for five cases of ventricular tachycardia, one of which was fatal in a 35 year old woman. Supraventricular tachycardia developed in one patient receiving Thorazine (chlorpromazine). Aventyl (nortriptyline) and Elavil (amitriptyline) each produced left bundle branch block in a 73 year old woman. Electrocardiographic T and U wave abnormalities were present in most patients. The ventricular arrhythmias responded to intravenous administration of lidocaine and to direct current electric shock; ventricular pacing was required in some instances and intravenous administration of propranolol combined with ventricular pacing in one. The tachyarrhythmias generally subsided within 48 hours after administration of the drugs was stopped. Five of the eight patients were 50 years of age or younger; only one clearly had antecedent heart disease. Major cardiac arrhythmias are a potential hazard in patients without heart disease who are receiving customary therapeutic doses of psychotropic drugs. A prospective clinical trial is suggested to quantify the risk of cardiac complications to patients receiving phenothiazines or tricyclic antidepressant drugs.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1976

Physostigmine--its use and abuse.

Physostigmine salicylate, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has been shown to reverse the effects of certain drugs with anticholinergic properties. The paper provides a brief historical account of physostigmine, reviews the cholinergic drugs and their effects and suggests a management protocol based on physiologic criteria. Twenty-six overdose cases, recently treated with physostigmine, are summarized. The controversy regarding the etiology of seizures following physostigmine administration is discussed.

Cholinesterase Inhibitors↗