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Biomedical subjects

I Hessov

Publications and source records attributed to I Hessov.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Microcirculatory and trophic effects of short chain fatty acids in the human rectum after Hartmann's procedure.

Short chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric) were instilled into the rectum of patients who had undergone Hartmann's procedure. The following parameters were examined before and after a 2-week treatment period with short chain fatty acids (100 ml twice daily at a total concentration of 150 mM): (1) microcirculatory effects in vivo using a laser Doppler flow technique, and (2) morphometrical changes in mucosal biopsies. The following parameters were significantly increased in all patients after treatment: (1) mucosal blood flow, (2) the fractional crypt cell epithelium plus surface epithelium volume in relation to total tissue volume down to the muscularis mucosa, (3) nuclear volume in the crypt and the surface epithelium, and (4) the fractional nuclear volume to total cell volume in the crypt and the surface epithelium. These data suggest that short chain fatty acids in the human colon have trophic and vasodilatory effects.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

Osteopenia and osteomalacia after gastrectomy: interrelations between biochemical markers of bone remodelling, vitamin D metabolites, and bone histomorphometry.

The prevalence of metabolic disease in a population of 68 postgastrectomy patients was assessed using histomorphometric evaluation of transiliac bone biopsy specimens after tetracycline double labelling. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the postgastrectomy group (p less than 0.01): 62% of the patients had increased osteoid surface, 56% increased osteoid thickness, and 24% increased mineralisation lag time. Only 18%, however, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for osteomalacia--increased osteoid thickness and increased mineralisation lag time. Postgastrectomy patients had reduced serum concentrations of calcium (p less than 0.01), phosphate (p less than 0.01), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, while levels of alkaline phosphatase and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were high (p less than 0.01). The severity of the mineralisation defect as reflected by mineralisation lag time was positively correlated to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but unrelated to serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, age, and the duration of postoperative follow up were significant determinants of the mineralisation defect in a given patient. The limited value of serum markers in the diagnosis of osteomalacia was emphasised by the fact that six of the eight patients with osteomalacia had normal serum levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase, and five of the eight had values for 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the normal range for healthy control subjects. The results clearly show the need for vitamin D supplementation and regular control after gastric resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Julia Vldan's dietary plan for patients with lumps and cancer. An analysis and evaluation of the nutritional aspects].

An analysis and assessment of the nutritional aspects of Julia Vøldan's dietary regime for patients with lumps and cancer. The main constituents of the diet are raw, biodynamically cultured vegetables, particularly potatoes, root-vegetables and cabbage, raw milk and other milk products, raw eggs, nuts, seeds, peas, beans and herbal tea. Nutritional calculations revealed that the diet was adequate as regards energy, vitamins and minerals provided that the recommended large portions were eaten. 49% of the energy originated from fat, 12% from proteins and 39% from carbohydrates. Thus, a diet with a high fat content is concerned. The fat content is much higher than that normally recommended to ensure health and prevention of disease, including cancer. The raw milk constitutes a health risk and employment of great quantities of raw potatoes, raw root vegetables and cabbage make the diet voluminous and difficult for sick people with poor appetites to consume. This, together with the relatively low protein content increase the risk of development of incorrect nutrition or undernutrition. This diet may thus be responsible for unnecessary weakening of cancer patients. Recommending of Julia Vøldan's dietary regime for patients with lumps and cancer is unsuitable from a nutritional point of view.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Primary hyperparathyroidism: changes in trabecular bone remodeling following surgical treatment--evaluated by histomorphometric methods.

Iliac bone biopsies from 11 patients who underwent successful surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism were examined before and median 7 months after surgical treatment. Trabecular bone volume increased (p less than 0.05) and eroded (p less than 0.005) and osteoid covered surfaces decreased (p less than 0.005) in the postoperative period. Also, a decline in tetracycline labeled surfaces was noticed (p less than 0.02). Osteoid thickness, mineral appositional rate and mineralization lag time were unchanged. Bone formation rate at the level of the basic multicellular unit (BMU) was unaffected, but at the tissue level bone formation rate diminished (p less than 0.02). The surgical cure of primary hyperparathyroidism was found accompanied by a change in bone metabolism as the trabecular bone remodeling decreased from a high turnover to a low turnover state. The spongy bone mass increased after parathyroidectomy but the clinical significance of this finding was not clear.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Short chain fatty acids dilate isolated human colonic resistance arteries.

Colonic biopsy specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the rectum. Colonic resistance arteries (internal diameter 178-345 microns) were dissected out under the microscope and mounted in a microvascular myograph capable of measuring isometric tension development. Experiments were designed to test compounds trophic to the gastrointestinal tract--namely, glutamine and the three short chain fatty acids, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid, for effects on vascular tone. Glutamine in concentrations up to 30 mM neither constricted nor dilated the resistance arteries. The three short chain fatty acids alone and in combination, however, caused a concentration-dependent (range 0.1-30 mM) dilatation of resistance arteries preconstricted with 50 mM K+, and this relaxant effect was unaffected by removal of the endothelium, presence of indomethacin, and preconstriction with vasopressin. These data suggest that the trophic effect of glutamine on intestinal mucosa cannot be explained through actions of this compound on the resistance vasculature. In contrast, the relaxant effect of short chain fatty acids on resistance arteries in vitro suggests that these compounds may be able to improve the colonic microcirculation in vivo, thereby providing an explanation for their trophic effect on intestinal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Total body potassium, skeletal muscle potassium and magnesium in patients with Bartter's syndrome.

In 20 patients with Bartter's syndrome, who had a serum potassium concentration of 2.75 +/- 0.29 mmol/l (mean +/- SD), the total body potassium (TBK) was measured and compared with a predicted value obtained from regression equations based on age, sex, body height and weight. A significant difference was found between the observed and predicted TBK (mean -320 +/- 306 mmol, p less than 0.01). A positive correlation existed between the serum potassium concentration and the ratio observed TBK/predicted TBK. However, the average fractional reduction in TBK (-11%) was less than the average fractional decrease in serum potassium concentration (-32%). Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from four patients with Bartter's syndrome and 10 control subjects for analyses of potassium and magnesium. The serum concentrations of potassium and magnesium were decreased in these patients. The potassium content in muscle tissue was lower in two of four patients, but no difference in the amount of magnesium was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postoperative and glucose-induced hypophosphatemia in relation to adenosine triphosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes.

Low red-cell concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with resulting increased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin is one of the mechanisms by which hypophosphatemia exerts clinically detrimental effects. The possibility that obligatory post-traumatic and/or glucose-induced hypophosphatemia leads to changes in red-cell 2,3-DPG and ATP concentrations was investigated in patients undergoing elective colonic surgery. In addition to standardized intravenous fluids postoperatively, one (randomized) patient group received continuous glucose-saline infusion, which is specially associated with hypophosphatemia, while another group was given the same amount of glucose/24 hours, but in a 5-hour infusion. Serum phosphate fell significantly in both groups, mainly in the former, but unaccompanied by change in red-cell 2,3-DPG or ATP concentration. During the 5-hour glucose infusions significant hypophosphatemia appeared, but without reduction of 2,3-DPG or ATP. Thus neither the obligatory hypophosphatemia after elective surgery nor the further fall during postoperative glucose infusion altered the red-cell concentration of 2,3-DPG or ATP.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1988

Improved early alimentation after radical hysterectomies without the traditional use of stomach tube.

Energy and protein intake was studied for 12 days after radical hysterectomy in 16 patients, half of whom followed a traditional postoperative regimen (i) including a stomach tube until air-passage had taken place after which liquid food, protective food and full diet was gradually introduced. In the new regimen (ii) the stomach tube was not used, liquid alimentation was given from the first postoperative day and full diet as soon as the patient desired it. This early start of oral alimentation was well tolerated, without side effects. Compared with the conventional regimen, it resulted both in a higher average protein intake (i: 31 g protein/day, ii: 46 g protein/day, p less than 0.02) and in a higher energy intake (i: 3624 kJ/day, ii: 4956 kJ/day, p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A magnesium load test in the diagnosis of magnesium deficiency.

The concentration of magnesium in muscle was determined and a standardized magnesium load test was performed in 21 patients, who 4 to 10 years previously had undergone intestinal bypass operations for severe obesity. The plasma concentration and 24-h urinary excretion of magnesium were also studied. Basic urinary excretion of magnesium and muscle magnesium were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy controls, while no differences were found in plasma magnesium. A slight negative correlation between muscle magnesium and retained magnesium was demonstrated (r = -0.51, P less than 0.05). Patients with magnesium retention greater than 20 per cent showed a significant decrease of magnesium retention after treatment with magnesium chloride mixture. Four patients with primarily low muscle magnesium all demonstrated an increment in the amount of magnesium in muscle after treatment. The load test described can be applied as a screening test in diagnosing magnesium deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Nutritional status of patients with cancer of the bladder before and during radiation therapy. Influence on survival?

The food intake and the nutritional status was assessed before and during radiotherapy in 30 patients with local bladder tumours. Eighteen patients received preoperative treatment (42 Gy/4 weeks, followed by cystectomy), and 12 patients received potential curative treatment (63 Gy/6 weeks). Fourteen patients had small tumours (category I-II) and 16 patients large tumours (category III-IV). Four weeks radiotherapy did not affect energy or protein intake, but category I-II patients had a higher intake (163% of basal metabolic rate (BMR)) than category III-IV patients (138% of BMR) after 4 weeks radiotherapy (p less than 0.06). The energy intake in patients treated for 6 weeks was decreased from 147% of BMR to 122% (p less than 0.01). The mean energy intake in category III-IV patients was correlated to weight loss (Rs = -0.51, p less than 0.05). After 4 weeks radiotherapy the change in weight was for category III-IV patients greater than for category I-II patients. The other changes in antropometric and biochemical parameters (fat-free body mass (FFM), body fat, arm muscle circumference, serum albumin, serum transferrin) were small and insignificant. If the patients were grouped according to age, tumour category, histologic grade, treatment, weight/height (W/H) index and changes in weight and antropometric parameters, it was found that only W/H index and changes in weight during 4 weeks radiotherapy had significant influence on survival. The significance of W/H index was closely related to tumour classification.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1986

Food intake and nutritional status after gastrectomy.

Food intake and nutritional status was studied in 67 patients, who had had a gastrectomy 2-30 years earlier, and in a randomly selected, matched group of healthy persons. The gastrectomized patients weighed less than the control persons (women 56.4 +/- 9.5 vs 61.4 +/- 6.9 kg; P less than 0.05; men 72.4 +/- 12.5 vs 77.7 +/- 9.2 kg; P less than 0.02). Compared to the controls the gastrectomized women had a significantly lower fat-free mass (37.8 +/- 4.1 vs 40.7 +/- 4.3 kg; P less than 0.02), whereas the gastrectomized men had a lower fat mass (17.0 +/- 7.8 vs 21.2 +/- 6.0 kg; P less than 0.01). The serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase was raised and the concentration of calcium, phosphorus and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol reduced in the gastrectomized group. None of these results could be explained from the nutritional study as both the intake of energy and protein and the intake of calcium and vitamin D was about the same in the operated and the healthy controls. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was significantly higher in the gastrectomized persons taking supplementary vitamin D (21.9 +/- 12.0 vs 11.7 +/- 6.5 ng/ml). A daily supplement of 10 micrograms of vitamin D secured normal serum values. As the serum level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is correlated to the degree of osteomalacia, all gastrectomized patients should have at least 10 micrograms vitamin D as a supplement once a day.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Nutritional intake after colorectal surgery: a comparison of a traditional and a new post-operative regimen.

The energy and protein intake was studied for 12 days after colorectal surgery in 36 patients. Eighteen patients followed a traditional management with nasogastric suction until bowel movements occurred after which a liquid diet, protective diet and normal food were successively administered. In a subsequent period a new regimen was introduced. Nasogastric suction was not used. Instead, 18 patients received liquid diet from the first post-operative day and normal food, when the patient wanted to eat it. In addition, the nutritional intake was supplemented by protein-enriched refreshing drinks and milk products between the meals. The new regimen was tolerated without discomfort and resulted in a significant increase in protein intake (43 g/day vs. 26 g/day, p<0.001) and energy intake (78% vs. 71% of the basal metabolic rate, p<0.05). The increase was most pronounced in the first 4 days after the operation. Finally, the weight loss was significantly lower on the new regimen (1.8 kg vs. 3.9 kg, p<0.001).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

The effect of preoperative nutrition on the immune system.

In many surgical departments it has been common practice to give patients with weight loss pre-operative parenteral nutrition before major surgery. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the value of intravenous pre-operative nutrition in relation to the immune system. The study comprised 10 patients undergoing total gastrectomy. All patients had a weight loss of 15% of body weight or more within 6 months or 10% within 3 months. Before operation they all received parenteral nutrition for 1 week. They all had 1.5 g of protein per kg per day and energy corresponding to the basal metabolic rate + 50% as Vamin, Intralipid, and carbohydrate solutions. Before and after this treatment blood samples were taken to estimate neutrophil function (the rate of oxygen consumption and superoxide liberation, phagocytosis and intracellular lysis of Candida albicans, the concentration and consumption rate of ATP during phagocytosis, and chemotaxis) and immune globulins (IgG, IgM, & IgA). Cellular immunity (CMI) was estimated by intradermal application of seven different antigens. We found a significant increase in response to the intradermal antigens (p < 0.01) but no difference in any of the parameters expressing leukocyte function or immune globulins.

Journal Article↗