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Biomedical subjects

I Hessov

Publications and source records attributed to I Hessov.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Changes in food intake and nutritional status in patients treated with radiation therapy for cancer of the larynx and pharynx.

Nutritional status and food intake were recorded for 28 patients with cancer of the larynx and 13 patients with cancer of the pharynx. All patients were without distant metastases and received radiotherapy with a curative intent. No patients were nutritionally depleted when treatment began. Treatment did not induce changes in nutritional status or food intake in patients with cancer of the larynx. The mean energy intake was 135% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the protein intake was 1 g/kg/day. Inversely, patients with cancer of the pharynx suffered a mean loss of body weight of 5 kg (p less than .01), which was almost equally divided between fat tissue (-2.2 kg) and fat-free cell mass (-2.6 kg). There were only minor or no changes in serum albumin and serum transferrin. Mean energy intake was 121% of BMR, and the mean protein intake was 0.9 g/kg/day. Neither nutritional support during admission nor dietetic instructions managed to preserve the nutritional status in patients with cancer of the pharynx. Therefore, these patients need a more intensified nutritional therapy, such as tube feeding.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1985

Which carbohydrates should we recommend for intravenous nutrition?

In a short review solutions of glucose, fructose and invertose have been compared in regard to protein sparing effects, side effects and infusion rates. It is concluded that fructose alone offers no advantage to glucose neither in the normal nor in the stressed organism. Compared with pure glucose and fructose solutions, higher amounts of carbohydrate can be administered as invertose, without increasing the risk of side effects.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1985

Prevention of infusion thrombophlebitis.

Thrombophlebitis is a frequent and discomforting complication following infusions into peripheral veins. In controlled clinical and animal experiments, it has also been shown that following factors reduce the risk of development of infusion thrombophlebitis: a short infusion time, neutralization of the acid glucose solutions, addition of heparine to sugar solutions, use of short and thin needles instead of plastic cannulae or 30 cm-teflon catheters, use of 5% glucose instead of more concentrated solutions and use of glucose in preference to fructose. The importance of in-line membrane filters is not convincing, and the addition of hydrocortisone and the effects of changing administration sets seem without clinical importance. In conclusion, it is possible in clinical praxis to follow principles, which minimize the risk of the unpleasant and long-lasting complication - infusion thrombophlebitis.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1985

Postoperative myocardial performance during glucose-induced hypophosphatemia.

Long-lasting hypophosphatemia was previously found to diminish myocardial performance. The present study aimed to elucidate if postoperative glucose-induced hypophosphatemia is of importance for myocardial performance. Sixteen patients undergoing elective colonic or rectal surgery were given 100 g glucose intravenously (as 20% glucose solution) on the first and second postoperative days. The infusion rate was 0.3 g/kg/hour. On both days the glucose infusion caused significant fall in P-phosphate (0.94 to 0.67 and 0.71 to 0.47 mmol/l, respectively). No changes were seen in P-calcium, P-potassium or P-sodium. Measurements of stroke volume and frequency, central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure were made immediately before and after the glucose infusions. Stroke volume and cardiac output were unaffected during the infusions, and also from the first to the second postoperative day. As the preload (central venous pressure) and the afterload (arterial pressure) similarly were unchanged by the glucose infusion, glucose-induced hypophosphatemia following elective surgery was judged to lack importance for the myocardial performance.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Osteopenia with normal vitamin D metabolites after small-bowel resection for Crohn's disease.

Thirty-six unselected patients were investigated 3-24 years (mean, 7.8 years) after small-bowel resection for Crohn's disease (mean small intestinal resection, 105 cm). Iliac crest bone biopsies after in vivo tetracycline double-labelling showed a markedly reduced trabecular bone mass (controls, 0.25 +/- 0.06; patients, 0.15 +/- 0.05; p less than 0.01). The average bone remodeling and osteoid mineralization was normal, and only two patients demonstrated signs of frank but slight osteomalacia. The mean serum levels of the three vitamin D metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were normal. The observed reduction in trabecular bone mass may theoretically be followed by an increased risk of spontaneous fractures.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1983

Absorption of magnesium chloride solution in small bowel disease.

The absorption of a magnesium chloride solution has been observed by balance studies in three patients with ileal resections and in one patient with idiopathic steatorrhoea and biliary cirrhosis. All patients were depleted of magnesium because of malabsorption. The mean net absorption of magnesium increased to 4.5, 4.9, 5.8 and 16.4 mmol magnesium per day, when a supply of 25 mmol magnesium was given. The result was encouraging with positive magnesium balances in all patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Effects of a low-fat diet on mineral absorption in small-bowel disease.

The absorption of calcium, magnesium, and zinc was studied by the metabolic balance technique at two fat intake levels in nine patients with fat malabsorption. The net absorption of all three minerals was significantly higher from the 40-g fat diet than from the 100-g fat diet. The data indicate that the lower fat content was the main reason for the increased mineral absorption, although the low-fat diet contained larger amounts of the minerals studied than did the high-fat diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Magnesium deficiency after ileal resections for Crohn's disease.

The magnesium status of the body was studied in 87 patients with various lengths of small-bowel resections for Crohn's disease. The urinary magnesium excretion decreased with increasing resection length, and so did the concentration of magnesium in muscle. Muscular fatigue, an early symptom of magnesium deficiency, was positively correlated to a pathologically low concentration of muscle magnesium. It was concluded that clinically important magnesium deficiency, which was not detected by determination of serum magnesium, occurred in patients with ileal resections exceeding 75 cm.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Zinc depletion after small-bowel resections for Crohn's disease.

The serum concentration and the 24-h urinary excretion of zinc was studied in 87 consecutive out-patients with distal small-bowel resections (mean 104 cm) because of Crohn's disease. Muscle zinc concentration was determined in 55 of the patients. The 24-h urinary excretion decreased with increasing resection length. It was abnormally low in 13 per cent of the patients with resections shorter than 100 cm and in 44 per cent of the patients with major resections. Compared to healthy controls the concentration of zinc in fat-free dry muscle was significantly lower both in patients with moderate and extensive resections. The muscle zinc concentration was below normal in one-third of the patients with a distal small-bowel resection exceeding 100 cm. The concentration of zinc in serum was below normal range in 34 per cent and did not correlate to the zinc content in muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

General and local toxicity of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in rabbits.

General toxicity (A) and vein damaging properties (B) of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) were studied in rabbits. A. 400 mg HMF was given as subcutaneous injections twice a day for a week. It was not possible to demonstrate any harmful effect of the injections on the following parameters: weight, haemoglobin, leucocytes, platelets, serum-protein, serum-alanine-aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, liver cell necrosis or hepatic steatosis as compared with a control group. B. Addition of 200 mg HMF/l isotonic NaCl solution did not increase the vein irritating effect of the solution, when given as a 5 hours' continuous intravenous infusion. The amounts of HMF used in this study far exceeded what patients receive from glucose solutions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Phosphate addition to glucose solutions- effect on hypophosphataemia and risk of infusionthrombophlebitis.

The object of this study was to show (A) whether the transient fall in plasma phosphate during carbohydrate infusions could be prevented by adding 10 mmol phosphorus to 1 litre of 10% glucose solution, (B) whether this unphysiologically high concentration would change the vein damaging properties of the acid sugar solution, when the phosphorus was added as a phosphate buffer. Study A comprised 16 patients undergoing colonic surgery. On the second postoperative day the patients received 1 litre 10% glucose, half of the solutions were added 10 mmol phosphate buffer. Plasma phosphate dropped during the infusion in all the patients in the unsubstituted group, whereas there was no fall in the phosphate substituted group. The difference between the two groups was significant. Study B comprised 23 rabbits. Sequential analysis demonstrated that the phosphate addition did not change the vein damaging properties of a 10% glucose solution.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of calcium treatment on urinary stone index after intestinal bypass for obesity.

The urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium, magnesium and creatinine was investigated in 21 outpatients who underwent jejunoileal bypass operation 6-9 years previously. Furthermore, a urinary stone index expressed as the quotient (calcium X oxalate)/(magnesium X creatinine) (mmol/mol) was calculated. The oxalate excretion exceeded normal ranges in 20 patients (1.20 +/- 0.55 mmol/24 h), and the stone index was found critically high in all. Daily administration of 1,100 mg ionized calcium in 17 of these patients die not change the urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium and magnesium separately, but the stone index was reduced significantly suggesting some preventive effect of calcium on the tendency of stone formation after jejunoileal bypass.

Adult↗