Specificity of commercially available Entamoeba histolytica antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to sera from dogs with various parasitic infections.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
I Inoue
Publications and source records attributed to I Inoue.
Hyperbaric diuresis is associated with decreased antidiuretic hormone and increased atrial natriuretic polypeptide in humans.
When men are exposed to a hyperbaric environment, urine flow increases. In order to elucidate the mechanism of this hyperbaric diuresis, a dry saturation dive experiment was carried out. Five male subjects were exposed to a 16-21 ATA (atmospheric pressure absolute) helium-oxygen (He-O2) environment for 4 days. Five blood samples were obtained in the early morning (0600-0630 h): once at predive 1 ATA air, 3 times at 16-21 ATA He-O2, and once at postdive 1 ATA air. Eight-hour timed urine samples, 0600-1400 h, 1400-2200 h, and 2200-0600 h (night urine), were collected throughout the experimental period. Urine flow markedly increased by the exposure to hyperbaria in the presence of constant creatinine clearance. The increase was mostly attributable to the urine flow during 2200-0600 h. The secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was suppressed at daytime and night during the exposure. On the other hand, the secretion of atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) increased solely at night during hyperbaria and correlated with the increases of both the nocturnal urine flow and the nocturnal urinary excretion of sodium. These results suggest that both suppressed ADH secretion and stimulated ANP secretion cause hyperbaric diuresis.
Adult↗
Superinduction of cytotoxic interferon-beta in glioma cells.
The possibility for new interferon therapy was investigated using the effect of endogenous human interferon-beta (HuIFN-beta) on various culture cell lines. Cell lines were exposed to superinduction agents (poly I: poly C, cycloheximide, and actinomycin D) and the production of endogenous interferon analyzed. Quantitative determination of HuIFN-beta and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) showed HuIFN-beta was induced in all of five glioma cell lines, one of two melanoma cell lines, and all of three lung carcinoma cell lines as well as fibroblasts. Northern blot analysis showed HuIFN-beta mRNA induced in glioma cells was identical to that from fibroblasts. Endogenous HuIFN-beta induced from glioma cells had a cytostatic or cytocidal effect against various human glioma cell lines, even those resistant to fibroblast-derived HuIFN-beta. These results show it may be possible to use the induction of excess endogenous cytotoxic HuIFN-beta in human glioma tissue itself.
Fibroblasts↗
Eimeria gozaishoensis n. sp. from the Formosan serow (Capricornis crispus swinhoei).
Eimeria gozaishoensis n. sp. was found in the Formosan serow (Capricornis crispus swinhoei). The oocysts were ovoid, 29.41 +/- 0.58 x 20.77 +/- 0.41 microns with a bilayered wall. A micropyle and micropylar cap were observed, but a polar granule and oocyst residuum were absent. Sporocysts were ovoid, 11.78 +/- 0.30 x 7.60 +/- 0.31 microns, with sporocyst residuum and Stieda body. The new species differs from other known species of the genus by the morphology of oocysts and that domestic goats apparently could not be infected. The sporulation time was 6 to 7 days.
Animals↗
[Amniotic band syndrome associated with peripheral nerve palsy].
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Amniotic Band Syndrome↗
Time-course of changes in intracellular cations and blood pressure with salt loading in patients with essential hypertension.
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Aldosterone↗
Effects of nitroglycerin on ATP-induced Ca(++)-mobilization, Ca(++)-activated K channels and contraction of cultured smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery.
Extracellular application of ATP transiently increases the cytosolic-free Ca++ concentration ([Ca++]i) in cultured smooth muscle cells of porcine coronary artery, and this activates large conductance Ca(++)-activated K (Kca) channels. In the present study effects of nitroglycerin (NG) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on [Ca++]; and contraction were studied. 4-AP blocked Kca channels and enhanced the rise of [Ca++]i with oscillation, which led to contraction of the cells. NG activated the Kca channels of 300 picosiemens and inhibited 4-AP-induced contraction and oscillation of [Ca++]i. These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of NG involves hyperpolarization of the cell membrane by activating the Kca channels. NG also cause rapid decrease of [Ca++]i during the Ca(++)-mobilization by ATP in Ca-free solution. Similar effects were observed with cyclic GMP, suggesting that the effects of NG on the Kca channels and [Ca++]i were mediated by cyclic GMP.
4-Aminopyridine↗
[A study on the effects of preoperative radiotherapy for lymph node metastases in rectal cancer].
Twenty-nine patients with rectal carcinoma who were treated by surgery only and 27 patients who received adjuvant preoperative radiation (42.6 Gy) were subjects of the present study. The entire pelvis was radiated with the dose of 30.6 Gy, and the rest 12 Gy was delivered to the primary tumor. By injecting micro activated carbon into the submucosa of the rectum near the tumor, the number of the defection of removed lymph nodes in non-radiation as well as radiation group was markedly improved, 48.6 and 54.2 respectively. The rates of distal lymph nodes metastases in irradiated patients were 25.9% (n0 74.1%, n1 14.8%, n2 11.1%, n3 0%), whereas it was 51.7% in patients who had surgical resection only (n0 48.3%, n1 20.7%, n2 17.2%, n3 13.8%). The number of metastatic lymph nodes were fewer in irradiated patients. Histopathological study indicated that preoperative irradiation was effective on decreasing the quantity of metastatic lymph nodes.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
[Preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. 2. The effect of irradiation on lymph node involvement].
A total of 38 cases of advanced rectal cancer (non-radiation group; 25 cases, radiation group; 13 cases) was studied in order to clarify the effect of preoperative radiation therapy (42.6 Gy) on lymph node metastases in rectal carcinoma. In all cases, microcarbon was submucosally injected into the rectal wall the day before operation in order to increase the number of removable lymph nodes from resected specimens as many as possible. By this method, the number of lymph nodes detected per specimen increased from 40 to 60. The incidence of lymph node metastases was 38.5% in radiation group and 64.0% in non-radiation group. The mean number of lymph nodes with metastases was 8.6 in non-radiation group, however, 2.8 in radiation group. With regard to the relationship between size and number of positive lymph nodes, especially in small lymph nodes measuring less than 3 mm, the incidence of metastases was 6.4% in non-radiation group, whereas 0% in radiation group. As a result, it was evident that preoperative radiation therapy in rectal cancer would reduce the number of positive lymph nodes significantly and the effect of radiation was prominent in small lymph nodes.
Charcoal↗
Growth inhibition of glioma cells transfected with the human beta-interferon gene by liposomes coupled with a monoclonal antibody.
A human beta-interferon (HuIFN-beta) gene inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector (pSV2IFN-beta) was entrapped in liposomes having positive charges on their surface. Liposome-mediated transfection of the gene into cultured glioma cells (U251-MG) resulted in the secretion of HuIFN-beta into the medium. The HuIFN-beta level in the culture medium of glioma cells reached 24 +/- 8 (mean +/- SD) IU/ml after 96 h of incubation, at which level the growth inhibitory effect on the cells was found to be greater than 40 times as compared with exogenously added HuIFN-beta. When the plasmid-containing liposomes were coupled with a monoclonal antibody (G-22 MCA) against glioma-associated antigen, the level of HuIFN-beta in the medium was 178 +/- 26 IU/ml, resulting in a 7-fold increase, and the growth inhibitory effect was further elevated. Since the addition of a monoclonal antibody against HuIFN-beta to the medium did not cause the cell growth to resume, the growth inhibitory effect on the cells seems to be ascribed to HuIFN-beta produced in the cells transfected with its gene. Accordingly, the specific delivery of the HuIFN-beta gene into glioma cells by the use of such liposomes might become a useful technique for gene therapy of malignant glioma.
Animals↗
Monocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification in human monocyte-derived macrophages.
We have investigated effects of monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on the uptake of acetylated low density lipoproteins (acetyl-LDL) and the activity of cholesterol esterification in human monocyte-derived macrophage. The cells were cultured with M-CSF for 10 days and then incubated with acetyl-LDL for 24 h. M-CSF (128 ng/ml) enhanced the uptake and degradation of 10 micrograms/ml of 125I-acetyl LDL 7.5-fold (n = 6) and the effect of M-CSF was dose-dependent at the concentrations of 0.5-32 ng/ml. The binding experiments at 4 degrees C demonstrated that the number of acetyl-LDL receptor was increased by the addition of M-CSF. Supporting this, ligand blotting analysis revealed a significant increase in a receptor protein for acetyl-LDL (240 kDa). Binding of LDL was also enhanced by M-CSF but less significantly than that of acetyl-LDL. Cellular cholesterol esterification in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml acetyl-LDL was enhanced 24.1-fold (n = 13) by 128 ng/ml M-CSF. It was evident that M-CSF enhanced cholesterol esterification to a greater extent than the cellular uptake of acetyl-LDL (24.1- versus 7.5-fold). Cholesterol esterification was also enhanced by the addition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 1. We conclude that M-CSF enhances the uptake of both acetyl-LDL and LDL by increasing their receptor number, and further enhances the process of cholesterol esterification, resulting in a remarkable increase in cholesterol esterification in macrophages. These findings strongly suggest the significant involvement of cytokines such as M-CSF in cholesterol metabolism of macrophages.
Biological Transport↗
Radioimaging of human glioma xenografts with 123I labeled monoclonal antibody G-22 against glioma-associated antigen.
Monoclonal antibody (MCA) G-22 is directed against a human glioma-associated surface antigen. Its availability for the radioimmunodetection of human glioma was analyzed by utilizing the xenografts in athymic mice. Nude mice with subcutaneous grafts of U251-MG or U251-SP glioma received intravenous administration of 123I or 131I labeled F(ab')2 fragment or whole immunoglobulin. Results of radioimaging revealed that 123I-labeled antibody was better than the 131I-labeled. It was also noted that administration of 123I-labeled F(ab')2 fragment of G-22 MCA enabled the imaging of human glioma xenografts weighing 80-650 mg after 48 hours. When biodistribution of 123I MCA was compared between G-22 and control antibodies, the percentages of dose/g in tumors were 5.228-1.799 at 30 hours and 4.112-1.132 at 48 hours with G-22 and they were 4.164-1.248 and 0.314-0.142 with control. The tumor/blood ratio until 72 hours after injection was constantly above 1 with G-22 and less than 1 with control antibody. These results indicate the potential usefulness of G-22 MCA for the radioimmunodetection of human gliomas.
Animals↗
Reduced intramembrane charge movement in the dysgenic skeletal muscle cell.
Intramembrane charge movement in skeletal muscle cells has been proposed to underlie the process leading to Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. A number of recent studies suggest that the dihydropyridine receptor located in the transverse-tubular membrane is responsible for the generation of intramembrane charge movement. The skeletal muscle cell of the mutant mouse with "Muscular Dysgenesis" is characterized by absence of excitation-contraction coupling. Here we investigated the charge movement in freshly dissociated skeletal muscle cells from dysgenic mice. In 9 out of 34 dysgenic mouse cells the charge movement was completely absent, in the remaining cells the charge movement was never more than 30% of control. The amount of maximum charge movement (Qmax) in mutant muscle cells was less than 30% of Qmax in normal muscle. Nifedipine, a dihydropyridine derivative, reduced the amount of charge movement in normal muscle cells but it was less effective on charge movement in mutant muscle cells. We conclude that there is an alteration of nifedipine-sensitive charge movement in the skeletal muscle cells from the mutant mice.
Animals↗
Hyperammonemia caused by impaired mitochondrial ornithine transport in a patient with partial quantitative deficiency of ornithine carbamoyltransferase.
Late-onset hyperammonemia was observed in a male patient with partial quantitative deficiency of ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT). His liver contained 10% of the normal level of OCT, but with normal kinetics. This reduced enzyme activity alone, however, could not explain the hyperammonemia. Therefore, the effects of impaired ornithine transport into mitochondria, which seemed to be a possible precipitating factor, were examined by numerical simulation of the urea cycle. The results were as follows: (a) On the assumption that the ornithine concentrations in the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix were always equal, the ammonia handling efficiency would be unchanged by decrease in the OCT concentration to 10% of normal; (b) Under conditions of impaired mitochondrial ornithine transport that had no effects on ureagenesis with a normal amount of enzyme, 10% of the normal concentration of enzyme would impair ammonia handling efficiency. Thus, impaired mitochondrial ornithine transport seemed to cause hyperammonemia in the state of partial quantitative deficiency of OCT in this case.
Adolescent↗
Effect of ornithine concentration on citrulline synthesis in mouse liver mitochondria.
The rate of citrulline synthesis in mitochondria from OTC-deficient spf-ash mice (15% of the normal activity) was found to be the same as that in mitochondria from control mice. The amount of NAG in their mitochondria varied markedly according to whether they had received a high- or low-protein diet, and the rate of citrulline synthesis was found to be affected by the level of NAG. These results indicate that the CPS stage, not the OTC stage, is rate-limiting in the citrulline synthesis process. Kinetic studies on the effect of ornithine concentration on citrulline synthesis in mitochondria showed that the Km for ornithine was very low in the mitochondria from the mice given a low-protein diet. Kinetic studies on the effect of ornithine concentration on mouse OTC at various concentrations of carbamylphosphate showed that OTC has a ping-pong mechanism, i.e., that the Km for ornithine and Vmax decrease with the reduction in carbamylphosphate concentration. This may explain the low Km value observed in citrulline synthesis in the mitochondria. We conclude that in mitochondrial citrulline synthesis the rate of carbamylphosphate synthesis by CPS in the presence of NAG plays a key role in determining the rate of citrulline synthesis and ornithine dependency.
Animals↗
Determination of the molecular nature and cellular localization of Thy-1 in human renal tissue.
The molecular nature and cellular localization of Thy-1 antigen in human renal tissue were studied. Strong immunohistochemical staining was observed in frozen sections of human kidney using monoclonal anti-human Thy-1 antibody; this reaction was almost completely abolished by pretreating the kidney section with phosphatidyl inositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the Thy-1 antigen is localized on the proximal tubular epithelial cells and the Bowman's capsule of the glomerulus. Northern blot analysis of renal mRNA using a cloned human Thy-1 gene revealed the presence of human Thy-1 mRNA of a similar size to the one in human brain. When a human kidney cDNA library was screened with the same probe, a cDNA of human Thy-1 was isolated. Moreover, human Thy-1 protein with a molecular weight (MW) of 21,000 was detected in renal tissue by gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis using monoclonal anti-human Thy-1 antibody. These data demonstrate for the first time the production of human Thy-1 as a PI-anchored protein with a unique cellular location in human renal tissue.
Adult↗
MHC class II molecules (Ia-antigens) on macrophages in BB/W rats.
The percentage, absolute number and expression of Ia-antigen of macrophages (Mø) in peripheral blood cells (PBC) and splenocytes from Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rats were evaluated. The percentage of Mø in PBC and splenocytes from BB/W rats was significantly higher than those in normal Wistar rats from Clea Japan Inc. (NW/C) and Charles River Japan Inc. (NW/CR). The percentage of Ia-positive Mø in PBC and splenocytes from BB/W rats was significantly increased compared with that in NW/C rats. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the percentage of Ia-positive Mø of PBC between BB/W and NW/CR rats, and the percentage of Ia-positive Mø in the spleen from BB/W rats was significantly lower than those in NW/CR rats. Thus, the quantity of MHC class II molecules on circulating Mø is not related to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in BB/W rats.
Animals↗
Extracellular Ca2+-activated K channel in coronary artery smooth muscle cells and its role in vasodilation.
An extracellular Ca2+-activated K channel (KR channel), having a conductance of 30 pS, was identified in isolated single smooth muscle cells from porcine coronary artery. The KR channel was active at greater than 10(-5) M Ca2+, and was blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4AP). At less than 10(-6) M Ca2+, the KR channel became inactive, but could be activated by 2-nicotinamidethyl nitrate (nicorandil), or by 4-acetamide-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) applied to the pipette solution. It was found that there is a close correlation between the KR channel activity and cell contraction: cells contracted under conditions in which the KR channel became inactive, but were relaxed when the KR channel was active. As the KR channel is highly active in cells in physiological saline, we suggest that it controls the tonus of the coronary artery, as an endogenous dilating factor.
Animals↗