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Biomedical subjects

I Jakobsson

Publications and source records attributed to I Jakobsson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Macromolecular absorption in infants with infantile colic.

Intestinal absorption of macromolecules, using human alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) as a marker, was studied in breast-fed and formula-fed infants with infantile colic. Serum samples taken at 30 and 60 min after an intake of human milk were analyzed for alpha-LA by a competitive radioimmunoassay technique. Breast-fed infants with infantile colic had significantly higher s-alpha-LA levels compared with age-matched breast-fed control infants 0-1 month of age: median value 926 micrograms alpha-LA/l serum/l human milk/kg bodyweight (n = 11) versus 150 (n = 34); 1-2 months of age: 173 (n = 22) versus 31 (n = 16); 2-3 months of age: 132 (n = 8) versus 11 (n = 16). Similarly, formula-fed colicky infants had significantly higher s-alpha-LA levels than age-matched formula-fed control infants 1-2 months of age: median value 126 (n = 12) versus less than 10 (n = 14); 2-3 months of age: 156 (n = 11) versus less than 10 (n = 10). The increased absorption of the macromolecule human alpha-lactalbumin in infantile colic suggests that the gut mucosa is affected in infants with infantile colic.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Postnatal adaptation of lipase- and trypsin-activities in duodenal juice of premature infants appropriate for gestational age.

In 17 very low birth weight and in 13 low birth weight infants appropriate for gestational age the activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin, the pH value and the concentrations of total bile acids were measured in the preprandially aspirated duodenal juice between the 10th and the 40th day of postnatal life. The activities of both enzymes increased significantly with increasing postnatal age in both study groups but did not correlate with the gestational age between the 28th and 33rd week of gestation. The pH values were on a low but similar level in both study groups (mean for all infants 5.66 +/- 0.07), and there was no influence of the pH value on the activities of either pancreatic enzyme. The concentrations of total bile acids were also not different between the study groups (mean for all infants = 4.55 +/- 2.26 mmol/l) and no correlation could be found between the concentrations of total bile acids and the activities of both measured enzymes. The data suggest that the intrauterine development of the exocrine pancreas reaches a basal level by the 28th week of gestation and remains on this level up to the 33rd week of gestation. After birth there is a significant increase in enzyme activities for both studied enzymes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

Macromolecular absorption in preterm and term infants.

Human alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) has been used as a marker for measuring macromolecular absorption. The serum concentration of human alpha-LA after a human milk feed has been studied in 32 healthy very low birthweight infants (VLBW), fed human milk (gestational age 26-32 weeks) and in 56 term, breast-fed infants, age 3-140 days. At 31 weeks of gestation the serum concentration of human alpha-LA was more than 10 times higher (mean value 3,000 and median value 2,101 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 11) than in the term infants aged 3-30 days (mean value 257 and median value 152, n = 29). The serum concentration of alpha-LA decreased with increasing maturity in the VLBW-infants. At a postconceptional age of 37 weeks the values were similar (mean value 200 and median value 99, n = 8) to those found for term infants during the first month. In the term infants a decreasing absorption of alpha-LA was found with increasing postnatal age.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Formula with reduced protein content: effects on growth and protein metabolism during weaning.

A total of 20 healthy term infants between 4 and 6 months of age were randomly assigned to either a low protein formula (F1.3) containing 1.3 g protein/100 ml or a high protein formula (F1.8) containing 1.8 g protein/100 ml. Both formulas were isocaloric (72 kcal/100 ml) and had a whey-casein ratio of 50:50. Ten control infants were breast-fed (BF). The mean protein intakes (including supplementary foods) were 1.9 +/- 0.3, 2.6 +/- 0.2, and 1.3 +/- 0.2 g/kg/day, respectively. The mean concentrations of serum urea were 2.8 +/- 0.6 (F1.3), 4.1 +/- 0.6 (F1.8), and 2.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/liter (BF) at 6 months (F1.3 versus BF, NS, F1.8 versus BF, p less than 0.001). The urine excretion of nitrogen was similar in the F1.3 and BF groups being 81 and 78 mg/kg/day. In the F1.8-group nitrogen excretion was higher, 138 mg/kg/day. Plasma concentrations of albumin, prealbumin, and transferrin were normal and similar in the groups. Weight gain was significantly higher in the F1.8 group, 22.8 +/- 1.7 g/kg/wk when compared to the F1.3 and BF groups, 19.9 +/- 3.9 and 18.0 +/- 4.3 (p less than 0.01), respectively. These data indicate that a decreased protein-intake from formula during weaning results in many indices of protein metabolism and growth more similar to those found in BF infants than when conventional follow-up formulas are used.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMed1987

Maternal dietary antigens and the immune response in the offspring of the guinea-pig.

Guinea-pig dams and their litters were raised on either a cow's milk protein-containing diet (MCD) or a milk-free diet (MFD). At 8 weeks of age all litters were challenged i.p. with 50 micrograms milk whey-protein concentrate (V67) and 100 mg A1(OH)3 in saline. The immune response was estimated 2 weeks later as the serum IgG antibody titres against V67, beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the tracheal Schulze-Dale response to these antigens. Feeding milk protein antigen to dams from birth and during pregnancy induces antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness (tolerance) in their offspring, despite no direct contact between the offspring and the milk proteins. Tolerance seems to be induced by the antigen itself since withdrawal of the MCD 10 days before delivery reduced tolerance in the offspring. No tolerance was produced in the offspring of dams fed the antigen from 3 months of age (adult). beta-LG appears to be a major antigen in milk whey while alpha-LA is a minor one since there was almost no antibody or tracheal response to alpha-LA in any of the animals tested. The results indicate that maternal antigen experience and antigens present during pregnancy are important for the subsequent immune response to these antigens in offspring.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin in the human milk. A longitudinal study during the whole lactation period.

Human milk samples (n = 232) collected during the whole lactation period from 25 healthy, Swedish mothers were analyzed by radioimmunologic method for content of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Detectable amounts (5-800 micrograms/l) were found in 93 of 232 milk samples (40%). Six mothers had no detectable beta-lactoglobulin in their breast milk on any occasion. Two mothers had measurable beta-lactoglobulin in all their milk samples. No correlation was found between daily cow's milk intake and concentration of beta-lactoglobulin in the milk samples. Six mothers with allergic symptoms such as asthma, hay-fever, eczema all had detectable amounts of beta-lactoglobulin in their milk. Of 19 mothers without allergy, 13 had detectable amounts. This difference did not show statistical significance. The presence of symptoms in the infant such as diarrhoea, vomiting, colic, exanthema was significantly correlated to high levels of beta-lactoglobulin in the milk. Bovine beta-lactoglobulin was also detected in 7 of 13 serum samples. The two mothers with detectable beta-lactoglobulin in all milk samples had the highest serum values, and their infants suffered from gastro-intestinal symptoms, weight decline and exanthema.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Human alpha-lactalbumin as a marker of macromolecular absorption.

alpha-Lactalbumin was purified from human milk and a competitive radioimmunoassay for measuring serum concentrations of human alpha-lactalbumin was developed. Human alpha-lactalbumin was not detected (less than 5 micrograms/l) in serum from adult men (n = 4), non-pregnant women (n = 6) or in serum from seven of eight formula fed infants. alpha-Lactalbumin was found in serum from pregnant women (19-130 micrograms/l, n = 4), cord blood (22-72 micrograms/l, median value 35 micrograms/l, n = 9), and from newborn non-fed infants (less than 1 day old) (less than 5-50 micrograms/l, median value 15 micrograms/l, n = 11). In breast fed infants the serum concentration of alpha-lactalbumin was highest in preterm infants (140-952 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 4) and decreased in term infants successively with maturity (age 5-30 days: median value 85 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 7; age 31-60 days: median value 43, n = 6; age 61-135 days: median value 12, n = 6). A human milk feeding to three infants one month of age gave serum peak values of alpha-lactalbumin after 30 to 60 minutes. We suggest that human alpha-lactalbumin is a suitable marker for investigating macromolecular absorption in physiological and pathological conditions.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Dietary bovine beta-lactoglobulin is transferred to human milk.

Human milk from 38 mothers was analysed by radioimmunological method for content of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Detectable amounts (5-33 micrograms/l) of immunoactive beta-lactoglobulin were found in 18 human milk samples. Milk from 3 mothers, whose infants suffered from infantile colic contained high amounts of beta-lactoglobulin (32, 18 and 14 micrograms/l respectively). With the mothers on a cow's milk free diet the contents fell to non-detectable amounts in two mothers and to 6 micrograms/l in the third. All three infants became free from colic.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The passage of orally fed proteins from mother to foetus in the rat.

Pregnant rats were orally fed with a mixture of bovine IgG, bovine albumin, ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Using immunoprecipitation methods, these proteins were detected in the maternal blood serum, urine and uterine fluids, and also in the foetal blood serum and the amniotic fluid. The results imply that a variety of dietary proteins, still immunoprecipitable, are able to cross the materno-foetal barriers to be detected in the foetal circulation, where they may influence the maturation of the immune system of the foetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Partial hydrolysis of cow's milk proteins by human trypsins and elastases in vitro.

The hydrolysis of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and casein by human anodal and cathodal trypsins and elastases was studied with the aid of electroimmunoassay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rate of hydrolysis of the various proteins by cathodal elastase exceeded that by anodal or cathodal trypsin and anodal elastase. Casein was hydrolyzed more efficiently than alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin. The hydrolysis of the three proteins occurred at a considerably slower rate when present in crude form, as in cow's milk, than when in purified form.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cow's milk proteins cause infantile colic in breast-fed infants: a double-blind crossover study.

Sixty-six mothers of 66 breast-fed infants with infantile colic were put on a diet free from cow's milk. The colic disappeared in 35 infants; it reappeared on at least two challenges (cow's milk to mother) in 23 infants (35%). A double-blind crossover trial with cow's milk whey protein was performed in 16 of these 23 mothers and infants. Six infants had to be taken out of the study for various reasons; of the remaining ten infants, nine reacted with colic after their mothers' intake of whey protein-containing capsules. Sequential analysis showed a high correlation between infantile colic in breast-fed infants and their mothers' consumption of cow's milk protein. A diet free of cow's milk is suggested for the mothers as a first trial of treatment of infantile colic in breast-fed infants.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

In vitro digestion of cow's milk proteins by duodenal juice from infants with various gastrointestinal disorders.

The hydrolysis of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and casein by duodenal juice from 20 infants (18 with normal exocrine pancreatic function, 2 with pancreatic insufficiency), aged 3-19 months was studied in vitro with the aid of electroimmunoassay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results from the two methods were almost identical. Duodenal juice from infants with cow's milk protein intolerance (7), celiac disease (5), and unclassified gastrointestinal disorder (6) had the same capacity to hydrolyze the milk proteins. No hydrolysis occurred in the two patients with pancreatic insufficiency. The hydrolyzing capacity was not correlated with age in the actual age group. The hydrolysis of the milk proteins occurred at a considerably slower rate when the proteins were crude, as in cow's milk, adapted, or unadapted formula, than when they were in a purified form. About 1 mg of purified alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin, and about 30 mg of purified casein could be hydrolyzed per milliliter duodenal juice per minute. Corresponding figures for the hydrolysis of the various proteins in cow's milk were 0.03, 0.12, and 16.1 mg/ml duodenal juice/min. Preincubation (60 min) with gastric aspirate after adjusting pH to 4-5 did not change the results. In conclusion, the duodenal juice from infants with normal exocrine pancreatic function has a great ability to hydrolyze casein. Corresponding hydrolytic capacity for alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin is considerably lower.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cow's milk formula as a cause of infantile colic: a double-blind study.

The role of cow's milk in infantile colic in formula-fed infants was estimated in a double-blind study. Sixty colicky infants were given a cow's milk-containing formula (Enfamil) and a cow's milk-free formula based on soy (ProSobee). Eleven infants (18%) were free of symptoms while receiving soy formula. Symptoms of 32 infants (53%) were unchanged or worse when they were fed cow's milk formula and soy formula, but symptoms disappeared when they were fed a formula containing hydrolyzed casein (Nutramigen). Symptoms of 17 infants (29%) could not be related to the diet; these infants were permitted to continue on a cow's milk-based formula. A challenge with cow's milk-based formula after one month (at approximately age 3 months) produced symptoms of infantile colic in 22 infants (36%). At age 6 months, a challenge with cow's milk was positive in 11 infants (18%) with epidermal and gastrointestinal symptoms. Eight infants (13%) at 12 months of age and five infants (8%) at 16 months of age were still intolerant to cow's milk. Cow's milk seems to be a major cause of infantile colic in formula-fed infants. A dietary treatment is suggested for moderate or severe forms of the colic. Cow's milk protein intolerance is common later in infancy in these infants.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of dietary gamma-tocopherol on serum tocopherols in formulated infants.

The levels of alpha-, beta- and gamma-tocopherol were determined in two formulas (Nutramigen and Soja-semp) and in 20 infants fed either of these formulas. The gamma-tocopherol concentration in Nutramigen was 22.8 +/- 1.9 mumol/l; and that in Soja-semp 3.7 +/- 0.5 mumol/l. This difference was reflected in the serum tocopherols of the infants, since in the 10 infants fed Nutramigen, gamma-tocopherol accounted for 16.7 +/- 7.9% of the total tocopherols compared to 4.2 +/- 1.8% in the 10 infants fed Soja-semp. The study shows that gamma-tocopherol accumulates in the serum of infants fed large amounts of it. The serum gamma-tocopherol level should therefore be taken into account, when estimating the vitamin E status in humans, especially when the intake of gamma-tocopherol is high.

Female↗