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Biomedical subjects

I M Ali

Publications and source records attributed to I M Ali.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Mandibular antegonial and ramus notch depths and condylar bone change.

The present study sought to clarify the relationship between antegonial and ramus notch depths and condylar bone change, and analyse the effects of such change on craniofacial structure. The study sample was of 28 pre-orthodontic patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, who underwent helical computed tomography to diagnose their TMJ pathology. Craniofacial structures were compared between 14 subjects with bilateral condylar bone change (BBC group: two male and 12 female) and 14 subjects with no bone change (NBC group: two male and 12 female). Sella-nasion-point B (SNB) and point A-nasion-point B (ANB) angles were significantly smaller in BBC than in NBC, with ramus height and mandibular body lengths significantly shorter in BBC than in NBC. The BBC lower facial height and SN-Go-Ar angle, as well as antegonial and ramus notch depths, were significantly greater than in NBC, and the mandible was significantly more retruded in BBC than in NBC. These results showed that condylar bone change might be related not only to mandibular size (e.g. retrusion) but also to mandibular outline (including antegonial and ramus notch depth).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Relationship between occlusal curvatures and mandibular deviation in orthodontic patients with temporomandibular disorders.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between occlusal curvature (OC) and frontal craniofacial morphology in patients with and without temporomandibular disorders (TMD), using frontal cephalograms and a sophisticated measuring device (XYZAX S400A). Thirty-seven female orthodontic patients (mean age 24.0 years) were divided into a TMD group (n = 25) and no-TMD group (n = 12). In the TMD group, the lateral OCs of the mandibular second premolar, and first and second molars were significantly deeper on the deviated side than on the non-deviated side, and the anteroposterior OCs of the mandibular second premolar and first molar were also significantly shallower on the deviated side. In the no-TMD group, however, there were no significant differences in OCs between deviated and non-deviated sides. The differences between right and left lateral OCs in the mandibular second premolar and first and second molars, as well as the anteroposterior OCs in the mandibular first and second molars, showed significant correlations with mandibular deviation in the TMD group. On the other hand, in the no-TMD group, there was no significant correlation between OCs and mandibular deviation. The above results suggest that OCs might try to compensate for mandibular deviation in patients with TMD.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Decentralisation of directly observed treatment in a large African city: evaluation of the experience of Djibouti.

SETTING: Decentralisation of directly observed treatment (DOT) for tuberculosis patients in three public centres in Djibouti city from April 2000. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate decentralisation based on the success rate by site of treatment and according to certain critical variables. METHODS: Comparative evaluation of the success rate of smear-positive patients followed in all treatment centres from 1 May 2000 to 31 March 2001. RESULTS: The success rate was 58% for the main centre, Centre Paul Faure, and 81% for all the peripheral centres together (P < 10.6). It was 80% for the three new centres and 85% for the established centres (P > 0.05). Age under 20 years, female sex and treatment centre were factors linked to success. After stratification, sex was shown to be the confounding variable. Multivariate analysis shows that non-Djibouti nationality is related to treatment success (P = 0.02). In the groups of established and new centres, there is an inverse linear relationship between success rate and workload, with greater capacity in the established centres. CONCLUSIONS: Urban decentralisation of DOT increases the chances of treatment success among smear-positive patients. Another centre for supervised treatment needs to be created in one of the public health centres in Djibouti city.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Amebiasis and mucosal IgA antibody against the Entamoeba histolytica adherence lectin in Bangladeshi children.

Amebiasis is the third leading parasitic cause of death worldwide, and it is not known whether immunity is acquired from a previous infection. An investigation was done to determine whether protection from intestinal infection correlated with mucosal or systemic antibody responses to the Entamoeba histolytica GalNAc adherence lectin. E. histolytica colonization was present in 0% (0/64) of children with and 13.4% (33/246) of children without stool IgA anti-GalNAc lectin antibodies (P= .001). Children with stool IgA lectin-specific antibodies at the beginning of the study had 64% fewer new E. histolytica infections by 5 months (3/42 IgA(+) vs. 47/227 IgA(-); P= .03). A stool antilectin IgA response was detected near the time of resolution of infection in 67% (12/18) of closely monitored new infections. It was concluded that a mucosal IgA antilectin antibody response is associated with immune protection against E. histolytica colonization. The demonstration of naturally acquired immunity offers hope for a vaccine to prevent amebiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Entamoeba histolytica: genetic diversity of clinical isolates from Bangladesh as demonstrated by polymorphisms in the serine-rich gene.

The varied organ tropisms and clinical presentations of infection by Entamoeba histolytica have stimulated interest in the role of parasite genetic diversity in virulence. We investigated genetic diversity among 54 E. histolytica isolates from Bangladesh by analyzing polymorphism in the serine-rich gene by nested PCR on DNA extracted from stool and liver aspirate pus. We detected both size and restriction site polymorphisms among the isolates within this endemic area. A combination of the nested PCR results and the AluI digestion of the PCR products examined yielded 25 distinct DNA banding patterns among the 42 stool isolates and an additional 9 distinct patterns among the 12 liver abscess isolates. Approximately half of the isolates had unique polymorphisms. Interestingly, the majority of E. histolytica from the liver had polymorphisms which were not present in intestinal isolates from the same geographic area. These data are consistent with the existence of genetic differences between E. histolytica which cause intestinal and those which cause hepatic disease. We conclude that there is genetic diversity within E. histolytica isolates from an endemic population as reflected in serine-rich E. histolytica protein gene polymorphism. The correlation of genetic differences with the pathogenic potential of E. histolytica strains and the implications of genetic diversity for the immunoprophylaxis of amebiasis require further study.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Ethnicity and skeletal Class III morphology: a pubertal growth analysis using thin-plate spline analysis.

A longitudinal retrospective study using thin-plate spline analysis was used to investigate skeletal Class III etiology in Japanese female adolescents. Headfilms of 40 subjects were chosen from the archives of the Orthodontic department at Niigata University Dental Hospital, and were traced at IIIB and IVA Hellman dental ages. Twenty-eight homologous landmarks, representing hard and soft tissue, were digitized. These were used to reproduce a consensus for the profilogram, craniomaxillary complex, mandible, and soft tissue for each age and skeletal group. Generalized least-square analysis revealed a significant shape difference between age-matched groups (P < .001), except for the craniomaxillary complex at stage IVA. T test for size analysis showed unequivocally increased mandibular size in skeletal Class III, which directly increased the craniofacial size collectively (P < .05). A deviant profilogram showed anisotropy displaying as maxillary deficiency, acute cranial base, and obtuse gonial angle in addition to increased facial height at stage IIIB. Maxillary retrusion decreased while the mandible showed excessive incremental growth and a forward position caused by deficient orthocephalization at stage IVA. Craniomaxillary complex total spline and partial warps (PW)3 and 2 showed a maxillary retrusion at stage IIIB opposite an acute cranial base at stage IVA. Mandibular total spline and PW4, 5 showed changes affecting most landmarks and their spatial interrelationship, especially a stretch along the articulare-pogonion axis. In soft tissue analysis, PW8 showed large and local changes which paralleled the underlying hard tissue components. Allometry of the mandible and anisotropy of the cranial base, the maxilla, and the mandible asserted the complexity of craniofacial growth and the difficulty of predicting its outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Subtotal median sternotomy for heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Many approaches for minimally invasive heart surgery are available. Although they have many advantages, inadequate exposure, mammary artery injury and special tool requirements are known problems. Subtotal median sternotomy (SMS) was developed to overcome such limitations. Comparing the SMS with the standard sternotomy (SS) is the purpose of this study. METHODS: SMS was used in 210 patients (group I) requiring coronary artery bypass grafting and or valvular surgery. This was compared with another 210 patients (group II) in which SS was used. The technical difficulties, incisional discomfort, wound infection, patient satisfaction and hospital stay are the comparison criteria. RESULTS: (1) SMS takes an average of 24 min longer, P<0.15. (2) Incisional discomfort graded (I 'least' to III 'greatest'), group I: (27 Grade I, 176 Grade II, seven Grade III). Group II: (21 Grade I, 183 Grade II, six Grade III), P<0.1. (3) Wound infection: two superficial, two deep in group I, four superficial and one deep in group II, P<0.06, (4) 99% satisfaction and 5.4 days mean hospital stay in group I, 63% and 7.1 days in group II, P<0.01 and <0.03, respectively. CONCLUSION: When comparing the SMS technique with the SS: (1) SMS has statistically significant better patient satisfaction; (2) can be very cost effective due to the short hospital stay and the absence of a need for special instruments.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence and immune response to Entamoeba histolytica infection in preschool children in Bangladesh.

Entamoeba histolytica infection was present in 5% and E. dispar in 13% of asymptomatic 2-5-year-old children from an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Entamoeba dispar-infected children were no more likely than uninfected children to have serum antibodies to lectin. In contrast, all children infected with E. histolytica had serum antibodies to lectin. This anti-lectin response included antibodies against the carbohydrate recognition domain, which have been demonstrated in animal models to confer passive protection from amebiasis. Antibodies to lectin persisted in the sera of 17 children with E. histolytica infection over one year of follow-up, during which time E. histolytica infection cleared without treatment in 15, and with anti-amebic medication in two. We conclude that half of the children in this population have serologic evidence of amebiasis by five years of age, and that an anti-lectin serum antibody response is associated with limitation of E. histolytica infection to the colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The risk of cerebrovascular accident in patients with asymptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis who undergo open-heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the presence of asymptomatic critical carotid stenosis (ASCCS) increases the risk of perioperative stroke during open-heart surgery, which carries a well-established risk of cerebrovascular accidents. DESIGN: A case series. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital that is a major referral centre for cardiovascular surgery. PATIENTS: Forty-six patients with ASCCS who underwent open-heart surgery between January 1992 and January 1996. Of this group, 27 had bilateral and 19 had unilateral critical carotid artery stenosis. INTERVENTIONS: Various cardiac procedures were performed on the 46 patients: 33 underwent coronary bypass grafting, 12 had valve replacement and 1 had heart transplantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Neurologic deficit. RESULTS: None of the patients had any perioperative neurologic deficit up to the date of discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac procedures, without prior carotid artery surgery, can be done in patients with ASCCS with no significant added risk of stroke. To achieve this, blood pressure should be kept stable intraoperatively, at slightly higher than normal pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Beta-blocker effects on postoperative atrial fibrillation.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether restarting of Beta Blocker following cardiac surgery would reduce the incidence and the severity of post-operative atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: 210 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized to control (C) (n = 105) and Beta Blockers (BB) (n = 105) groups. Preoperatively all patients were on one type or another of betablockers. Postoperatively only the (BB) group received the medication. Both groups were well matched and had the same cardioplegic technique. RESULTS: It was found that; (1) post op (AF) developed in 40 patients of group (C) and in 18 patients of group (BB) P value < 0.02. (2) 73% of (AF) patients in group (C) and 81% in group (BB) were older than 70 years of age. (3) 76% of the (AF) in (BB) group versus 43% in (C) group were converted to sinus rhythm or to a stable controlled rhythm within 24 h or less. P value < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that restarting the Beta Blockers in the post-operative period after coronary bypass grafts significantly control the incidence and the severity of atrial fibrillation. Also it confirms the strong relation between the older age and (AF) occurrence.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

Opening the pleura during internal mammary artery harvesting: advantages and disadvantages.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the findings of previous studies that opening of the pleura during internal mammary artery (IMA) dissection might be an important factor in increasing the operative morbidity. DESIGN: A randomized control trial. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: Two hundred and eighty consecutive patients with no significant pulmonary disease. INTERVENTION: Harvesting of the IMA with (130 patients) or without (150 patients) opening the pleura. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the incidence of pleural effusion, cardiac tamponade, postoperative respiratory complications and the hospital stay. RESULTS: Pleural effusion occurred more often in the patients who had opening of the pleura (20% versus 5%); however, none of the patients required tapping. Postoperative bleeding with cardiac tamponade occurred in five patients in the closed pleura group. Six patients in the open pleura group had postoperative bleeding but without tamponade. The average postoperative stay was 7 days for both groups. No significant differences were recorded in postoperative respiratory complications. CONCLUSIONS: Opening of the pleura during IMA harvesting does not increase the operative morbidity. It may have other advantages and is recommended in most cases of IMA harvesting.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Magnesium in cardioplegia: is it necessary?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of magnesium in cardioplegic solution in preventing postoperative arrhythmias and perioperative ischemia. DESIGN: Randomized, control study. SETTING: The cardiovascular surgery division of a major referral centre for the maritime provinces of Canada. PATIENTS: Fifty patients scheduled to undergo coronary artery bypass who had a normal ejection fraction, normal preoperative serum magnesium level and no history of atrial or ventricular arrhythmia were randomized into two groups of 25 patients. One group received magnesium sulfate (15 mmol/L) in the cardioplegic solution (group 1), the other (control) group did not receive magnesium sulfate in the cardioplegic solution (group 2). INTERVENTION: Coronary artery bypass grafting during which myocardial protection was provided by intermittent cold blood cardioplegia. OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative serum magnesium levels, cardiac-related death, infarction and arrhythmias. RESULTS: All group 2 patients had a lower postoperative serum magnesium level than group 1 patients. There were no cardiac-related deaths in either group. More group 2 patients had ischemic electrocardiographic changes than group 1 patients (p < 0.03). Non-Q wave myocardial infarction occurred in two patients (one in each group). Eight patients in group 2 had atrial fibrillation compared with five patients in group 1. Ventricular ectopia occurred significantly (p < 0.01) more frequently in group 2 than in group 1. CONCLUSION: The addition of magnesium to the cardioplegic solution is beneficial in reducing the incidence of perioperative ischemia and ventricular arrhythmia in patients who undergo coronary bypass grafting.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Medtronic Intact porcine bioprosthesis: clinical performance to seven years.

The clinical performance of the Medtronic Intact porcine bioprosthesis was evaluated in 1,084 patients (mean age 66.4 years, range 9 to 91 years) who had a total of 1,099 implantations between 1985 and 1992, inclusive. There were 709 aortic valve replacements, 297 mitral valve replacements, and 80 multiple valve replacements. Concomitant procedures were performed in 432 (39.3%). The age group distribution (years) was 35 or younger in 20 patients, 36 to 50 in 64, 51 to 64 in 274, 65 to 69 in 225, 70 or older in 500. The total follow-up time was 2,741 patient-years (mean, 2.5 years) and was 97.5% complete. The early mortality rate was 7.1% and late mortality was 3.9% per patient-year. The overall patient survival at 7 years was 70% +/- 3%. The freedom from major thromboembolism was 94% +/- 1% at 7 years (p = not significant for valve positions). The freedom from reoperation at 7 years was 93% +/- 1%; freedom from valve-related mortality was 89% +/- 2%. The freedom from structural valve deterioration at 7 years was 97% +/- 1% (aortic valve replacement 97% +/- 1%; mitral valve replacement 97% +/- 2%). The freedom from structural valve deterioration among age groups was not different for the overall population, aortic valve replacement, or mitral valve replacement. Hemodynamic assessment revealed obstructive properties for aortic valve replacement sizes of 21 and 23 mm and for mitral valve replacement sizes of 25 and 27 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actuarial Analysis↗