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Biomedical subjects

I M Blackburn

Publications and source records attributed to I M Blackburn.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

How specific are negative automatic thoughts to a depressed population? An exploratory study.

This paper is concerned with the relationship between negative or dysfunctional automatic thoughts and dysphoric mood in a non-clinical population. It addresses the question of how specific are these automatic thoughts to a depressed population. Negative automatic thoughts were obtained from 27 normal subjects via a thought-sampling method using the Daily Record of Dysfunctional Thoughts Form (Beck, Rush, Shaw & Emery, 1979) over a two-week period. A thought-content analysis was conducted. The resultant data were compared using X2 with Blackburn & Eunson's (1989) data from depressed patients. The results presented in this paper indicate that basic cognitive distortions occur in a normal population, but differ qualitatively and quantitatively from those found in depressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The temporal relationship between hostility and depressed mood.

Nineteen depressed in-patients were studied in a follow-up design for 8 weeks or until discharge, using three depression scales and a hostility questionnaire. It was hypothesized within a cognitive theory of depression that, self-rated hostility being a measure of negative thoughts and attitudes, changes in hostility would precede mood changes. Analysis was by contemporaneous and cross-correlations between mood and hostility measures. High intercorrelations were obtained among the mood ratings which decreased significantly over time, as did two of the four hostility measures. The hypothesis was confirmed by the cross-correlations between nurses' mood ratings and intropunitiveness and direction of hostility. The cross-correlations with Beck and Hamilton scales supported the hypothesis at a non-significant level.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The movement of hostility during recovery from depression.

Sixteen depressed in-patients from a hospital in Athens were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire. Comparison of admission, discharge and mid-treatment scores showed that: (1) There was a larger drop in depression score in the first half of treatment. (2) Hostility scores, except for extrapunitiveness, decreased significantly over time, larger changes occurring in the first half of treatment. (3) Comparisons with British scores showed that during illness there were no significant differences between British and Greeks, though the latter tended to be more extrapunitive. At recovery, the Greeks were significantly more extrapunitive. The movement of hostility in depressive illness, the validity of the HDHQ and need for national norms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A study of the symptomatology and course of manic illness using a new scale.

Sixteen manic patients were rated fortnightly on the Present State Examination and a new manic rating scale. After 4 weeks of treatment a high proportion of symptoms had decreased significantly, but some symptoms likely to affect social functioning persisted. The group displayed many depressive and anxiety symptoms in addition to recognized manic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Mental and psychomotor speed in depression and mania.

Mental and psychomotor speed scores were obtained for three affectively ill groups of bipolar depression, unipolar depression and bipolar mania, and three corresponding recovered groups. Comparisons were made among ill groups, among recovered groups, and between ill and recovered groups for each illness type. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. Though manic patients solve problems quicker than those of either depressed group, they do not differ much from normals. 2. With stress to work faster, the pateints in the two depressed groups can quicken their speed of work and bring it up to the level of the manic patients, even thought the latter also increase their speed. 3. On a psychomotor speed task, the bipolar dipressives are significantly slower than the manics and the unipolar depressives, who do not differ. 'Internal distraction' causes a slight increase in speed in all three groups, with no significant difference, but 'external distraction' speeds up the bipolar groups and slows down the unipolar depressives resulting in significant differences between the bipolars on the one hand and the unipolars on the othbr. 4. All recovered groups perform at the same level on all measures. 5. Comparison between ill and recovered groups seems to indicate that a manic illness does not affect mental ro psychomotor speed significantly when tested objectively. Unipolar depression also does not seem to affect speed functions very significantly. Thus only bipolar depressive patients seem to show true retardation, and manic patients do not show the opposite of retardation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗