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Biomedical subjects

I M Stein

Publications and source records attributed to I M Stein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

Home pneumograms in normal infants.

To obtain age-specific normative data, we performed home cardiorespiratory recordings (pneumograms) in 56 normal infants at 1 month of age. A repeat pneumogram was performed at 3 months in 39 infants. Total sleep time was determined and all sleep intervals were summed and analyzed for five respiratory pattern variables: frequency of all apneic episodes greater than or equal to 6 seconds in duration (A6/D%), periodic breathing, longest apneic episode, and number of episodes greater than 11 and greater than 15 seconds. The normal infants at 1 and at 3 months were compared with 66 patients with apnea of infancy. Median A6/D% was 0.1 in the normal infants at 1 and 3 months, compared with 0.64 in those with apnea of infancy (P less than 0.001). Median periodic breathing was 0.4 and 0.2 episodes per 100 minutes in the normal infants at 1 and 3 months, respectively, compared with 1.25 in infants with apnea of infancy (P less than 0.001). Median longest apneic episode was 8.0 seconds in the normal infants at 1 and 3 months, compared with 11 seconds in those with apnea of infancy (P less than 0.001). No normal infant had an apneic episode greater than 15 seconds in duration, whereas the group with apnea of infancy had 0.4 +/- 1.0 episodes of apnea of greater than 15 seconds (P less than 0.01). Despite these significant group differences, use of these respiratory patterns either alone or in combination permitted only about 80% correct classification of normal infants and those with apnea of infancy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

The frequency of apnea and bradycardia in a population of healthy, normal infants.

Twenty-four hour continuous pneumocardiogram recordings were obtained on 250 healthy, normal infants in a hospital nursery on the first to third days of life. 73% of the infants showed no apneic episodes greater than 15 seconds in duration. 5% demonstrated longest apneic episodes greater than 20 seconds in duration with a range up to 32 seconds. 4% showed episodes of periodic breathing and 32% showed bradycardia of less than 80 beats per minute. Subsequent follow-up did not reveal any cases of near miss-SIDS or SIDS. Sustained apnea and periodic breathing appear to be infrequent respiratory patterns in term infants.

Apnea↗
PubMed1979

Apnea recordings of healthy infants at 40, 44, and 52 weeks postconception.

A total of 129 recordings of the respiratory activity of 46 normal full-term infants were obtained continuously for 24 hours in the hospital nursery at 3 days of life and in the home environment at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after birth. The pediatric pneumogram (PPG) technique, an impedance method, was used. Pneumogram data over longer than 16 hours was obtained on 77% of infants monitored. No infants experienced apnea longer than 15 seconds in duration at 40 and 44 weeks postconception, or greater than 11 seconds at 52 weeks postconception. Twenty-four hour plots of hourly apnea frequency revealed a marked variability, with evidence of clustering of apneic episodes during periods of reported sleep. Longest apnea time and hourly frequency of apneic episodes were highly correlated.

Apnea↗
PubMed1975

The pediatric pneumogram: a new method for detecting and quantitating apnea in infants.

A clinically useful diagnostic method has been developed for detecting and quantitating periods of apnea in pediatric patients. This procedure, called the pediatric pneumogram, permits the continuous recording on magnetic tape, for periods of up to 13 hours, of the respiratory pattern of infants utilizing an impedance technique. This test has been employed successfully in a variety of infants to evaluate respiratory activity and has permitted the objective documentation of apneic and cyanotic episodes, as well as an assessment of the eff ectiveness of therapy.

Apnea↗
PubMed1975

Prevention of apnea and bradycardia in low-birthweight infants.

The efficacy of theophylline in preventing severe apnea was evaluated in 17 low-birthweight infants (mean weight, 1,400 gm). Apnea was detected and accurately quantified by 13-hour pneumogram recordings and correlated with serum theophylline levels. Nursing observations coupled with on-line alarm systems detected only 39% of severe apneic episodes as compared to the pneumogram recording technique. Theophylline in six hourly oral doses(1.5 to 4.0 mg/kg) yielded two-hour serum concentrations of 6.6 to 11.0 mug/ml which completely controlled apneic spells exceeding 20 seconds in duration and markedly reduced 10- 19-second apneic episodes and any resultant bradycardia. At these serum levels, toxicity was not observed. Therapy with theophylline should be instituted at a dose of 2 to 3 mg/kg every six hours and the optimum therapeutic dose should be individualized as determined by objective quantitation of apnea and serum theophylline concentration.

Apnea↗