Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J A Baird.
Not-for-profit organizations which strengthen society and the individuals who make up that society both face times of crisis in their lives. The struggle of charitable endeavors may lack the breath and blood drama of the catastrophe scene, but their need for professional gift support priority decisions may prove to be equally crucial for their future existence.
Metacognition refers to any knowledge or cognitive process that monitors or controls cognition. We highlight similarities between metacognitive and executive control functions, and ask how these processes might be implemented in the human brain. A review of brain imaging studies reveals a circuitry of attentional networks involved in these control processes, with its source located in midfrontal areas. These areas are active during conflict resolution, error correction, and emotional regulation. A developmental approach to the organization of the anatomy involved in executive control provides an added perspective on how these mechanisms are influenced by maturation and learning, and how they relate to metacognitive activity.
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This article describes three areas of development which, if understood and thoughtfully pursued, will bring more gift dollars to your organization or institution. Consider these triple procedures and build a solicitation program which makes good use of each.
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Serum enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase (CK] were measured in 296 young persons who admitted to recent inhalation of solvents, usually toluene based glues. In general, results fell within expected adult reference ranges except for ALP and CK. About 60% of subjects had CK activities above the upper reference limit and these activities were investigated in terms of their isoenzyme composition. CK B subunit activity was measured in 90 subjects with raised total CK activities. In five instances the CK B subunit activity was judged abnormal and in two subjects the presence of CK BB was confirmed. These two subjects were thought to have a circulating macro CK, type 1. It is concluded that the increased total CK activity found in this group of solvent abusers was due to physical activity, but a contribution from specific muscle toxicity by solvents cannot be excluded.
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1. The putative neurotransmitter substances 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine (ACh) and prostaglandins E(1) (PGE(1)) and E(2) (PGE(2)) have been injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the conscious echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus); thermoregulatory responses in thermoneutral (ambient dry bulb temperature, T(db), of approximately 22 degrees C), cool (T(db) of approximately 14 degrees C) and warm (T(db) of approximately 26 degrees C) environments were determined.2. Under all conditions, all of the drugs tested either caused deep body temperature to fall or else had no effect; the fall was brought about by peripheral vasodilatation and/or reduced metabolic rate due to a decrease in shivering or to general relaxation.3. Responses of the many placental mammals to 5-HT, NA and ACh vary widely, and the echidna, a monotreme, appears to exhibit responses most like those of the rat.4. Placental mammals tested to date invariably exhibit a hyperthermic response to prostaglandins, and the hypothermic responses of this monotreme is therefore unique. The present study included the confirmation of a hyperthermic response to PGE(1) and PGE(2) in cats and rats.5. It is concluded that the concept of thermoregulation by amines and other substances in the hypothalamus of placental mammals may also be applicable to the monotremes which have evolved separately from the marsupials and placental mammals for about 180 million years.
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