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Biomedical subjects

J Ananth

Publications and source records attributed to J Ananth.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Agenesis of corpus callosum and dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a review and case report.

This paper describes a previously sufficiently functioning 57 year old man who presented with a recent onset of frontal behaviour. Partial agenesis of corpus callosum was an incidental finding on a computerized tomography scan. The EEG was within normal limits and neuropsychological testing did not reveal any interhemispheric disconnection. A SPECT-Scan revealed bilateral hypoperfusion, consistent with Alzheimer's dementia. Normal functioning up to 50 years of age and a later manifestation of Alzheimer's disease along with agenesis of carpus callosum is of clinical interest as such an association has not been published.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1993

Rapid cycling patients: conceptual and etiological factors.

The concept of rapid cycling is confusing in terms of its definition, clinical features, course of illness and the outcome. To complicate the matter further, rapid cycling has been reported to be drug resistant. Currently this condition has been reported to be secondary to lithium, tricyclic antidepressants and other agents such as cyproheptadine, a serotonin antagonist, piribedil, propranolol and levodopa. The increase in rapid cycling has coincided with the rapid increase in cocaine use in the society even though such an association cannot prove a causal relationship. Clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism as well as hyperthyroidism have been implicated in rapid cycling. In addition to the lack of specific knowledge on the etiology, a number of heterogeneous disorders has been grouped under this entity. It is useful to attempt a classification to ascertain whether clinically distinguishable subgroups have a common or different pathophysiology and to tailor the treatment that is most desirable for each subgroup.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Episodic tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism in bipolar disorder patients.

Three cases of rapid cycling bipolar patients manifesting episodic parkinsonism are described. Moderate to severe parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia appeared in all three of these patients before the onset of depression, then worsened during depression and disappeared during mania. A possible mechanism for this phenomenon is hypothesized.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Is the routine CT head scan justified for psychiatric patients? A prospective study.

Thirty-four psychiatric patients, assessed for a physical illness that was missed during diagnosis, underwent a CT scan. After investigation, the diagnosis of 14 patients changed from a functional to an organic illness. In nine patients, the CT scan was reported to be abnormal, and yet only two were diagnosed as having an organic syndrome. In seven patients, the CT scan was normal but the patients had an undisputed organic brain syndrome. These findings indicate that the use of CT scans should be restricted to cases in which the diagnosis is seriously in question. The clinical findings should dictate the use of CT scans either to clarify or to complement them.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Regional xenon 133 cerebral blood flow and cerebral technetium 99m HMPAO uptake in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and matched normal control subjects. Determination by high-resolution single-photon emission computed tomography.

We measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the xenon 133 (133Xe) inhalation method and with regional cerebral uptake of technetium 99m d,l-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) by single-photon emission computed tomography in 10 adult male patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and in 10 age-matched adult male normal controls. With the 133Xe method, there were no significant differences in cortical or basal ganglia blood flow between the patients with OCD and their matched controls. In the patients, there was a positive relationship between rCBF and the severity of both obsessive and compulsive symptoms (average r = .48). These rCBF findings were consistent with those of earlier reports of increased rCBF in patients with OCD who were undergoing imaginal flooding and who had exacerbation of symptoms following m-CPP administration. 99mTc-HMPAO is a lipophilic molecule that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted to a hydrophilic form that is trapped in the brain. The amount that is trapped is determined primarily by blood flow, but also by membrane permeability and kinetics of conversion of the 99mTc-HMPAO to the hydrophilic form. Compared with their matched controls, the patients with OCD had significantly increased 99mTc-HMPAO uptake in the high dorsal parietal cortex bilaterally, in the left posterofrontal cortex, and in the orbital frontal cortex bilaterally. Possible explanations include (1) increased rCBF that was not detected with 133Xe, (2) increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and/or cell membranes, and (3) increased conversion and trapping of the lipophilic, injected form of 99mTc-HMPAO in these regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Psychopharmacological agents in physical disorders.

Psychotropic drugs act on multiple organ systems, but their intended action is related to their effect on neurohormones and receptors in the limbic area of the brain. These drugs are also employed with benefit in a number of diverse physical disorders including immunological (arthritis), gastrointestinal (peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis), neurological (epilepsy), and hematological (leukopenia) conditions. While their clinical efficacy enhances our armamentarium to treat these disorders, understanding their mode of action in treating the physically ill patients may yield the missing link between the psyche and the soma.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1992

Psychotropic and medical drug interactions.

In a number of situations, drugs used to treat psychiatric and physical illnesses are coadministered to patients suffering primarily from a psychiatric illness. Hence, coadministration of medical and psychiatric drugs is not uncommon. With increasing use of multiple drugs, our ability to treat a number of disorders has increased, but simultaneously, the problem of drug interactions has also assumed importance. A number of factors contribute to such drug interactions in psychiatric patients. All these interactions are both pharmacologically and genetically determined. Genetic susceptibility is not practical to determine. It is therefore essential for the physician to employ drug combinations only when necessary, be aware of the known clinically significant interactions, anticipate and watch for them, avoid dangerous combinations, and monitor the patients receiving combination of drugs with vigilance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Negative symptoms: psychopathological models.

The psychopathological manifestations of schizophrenia have been broadly divided into positive and negative symptom groups. Even though there is no definitive consensus, psychomotor agitation, motor excitement, hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder constitute positive and psychomotor retardation, amotivation, apathy and decreased emotional expression are grouped into negative symptoms. The negative symptoms have been reported to appear late in the course of the illness and resistant to treatment with neuroleptics. While these claims have not been substantiated, the current interest on negative symptoms is related to the fact that many nonfunctioning institutionalized as well as ambulatory schizophrenics manifest negative symptoms. As chronic psychiatric beds have become scarce, many patients with negative symptoms who were harbored in the chronic mental hospitals have been released to the community care and some of these patients live on the streets. Thus their visibility has challenged psychiatry to focus its efforts on the etiology and treatment of negative symptoms.

Deinstitutionalization↗
PubMed1990

Subjective neuroleptic response and treatment outcome under open and double-blind conditions--a preliminary report.

1. A patient's early subjective response to a neuroleptic was recorded in 17 schizophrenic patients following a fixed dose of neuroleptic under both open and double-blind placebo-controlled conditions. 2. High correlations were found between a patient's subjective response at 2.5, 24 and 48 hours after the initial dose, suggesting that the timing of the initial subjective response rating is not critical. 3. The relationship between the psychiatric improvement and subjective response was not significant under double-blind conditions (r = 0.004), while the relationship under the open condition showed a trend towards significance comparable to earlier reports (r = 0.32). 4. The findings question the usefulness of applying early subjective response to a neuroleptic to predict clinical improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Intermittent lithium therapy in a bipolar patient.

A 35 year old married male who had previously had manic episodes twice, during winter months, was treated with intermittent lithium therapy between November and February of each year and was well for a period of five years. The case report and the findings are discussed to demonstrate the possibility of intermittent lithium therapy in some patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Simultaneous Folie à Deux and Capgras syndrome.

A young male presented both Capgras syndrome and Folie à Deux. Both of his parents shared the same delusions with the patient. A dynamic explanation is provided for the simultaneous occurrence of both syndromes. The case report and the management of this patient may be of interest to clinicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Rapid tranquilization: a reevaluation.

Years of experience have indicated that the widespread and frequent use of rapid tranquilization is not based on demonstrated efficacy. Multiple high-dose administration of neuroleptics parenterally does not produce rapid relief of psychosis and, at the same time, exposes the patient to risk of severe side effects. Rapid tranquilization may only have a limited and specific applicability; therefore, it is important to reexamine its clinical indications and to search for safer alternatives.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Immune dysfunctions in psychiatric patients.

Alterations in the serum proteins and immunoglobulins have been investigated in the search for the possible etiological causes of schizophrenic patients. The results, so far, have been varied and inconclusive. We assayed serum immunoglobulins, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) titres in 94 randomly selected, recently hospitalized, psychotic patients. A complete physical, neurological, laboratory and electrophysiological examination was conducted on each patient. Systems survey and family, as well as past histories were obtained. Our results indicated that 12 patients had high titres of ANA and none of them had any other clinical evidence of autoimmune disease. This finding did not correlated with age, sex, diagnosis, or duration if illness, but an association with the medications that the patients were receiving, was noted. The elevation in ANA titres seems to be related to use of lithium as well as neuroleptics. Our data suggests that all neuroleptics can produce high ANA titres. Systematic study of this phenomenon and their long-term consequences warrant further exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Safety of maprotiline in treatment of cardiac patients with left anterior hemiblock.

Based on the reports that maprotiline has a relatively low cardiotoxicity, two depressed patients who had conduction abnormalities of the heart were treated with this medication. In both patients the conduction abnormalities were not affected adversely by maprotiline 100 to 150 mg daily for six weeks. In one patient premature ventricular beats disappeared after maprotiline treatment. In modest dosages, maprotiline seems relatively safe in depressed cardiac patients.

Anthracenes↗
PubMed1988

Meige's syndrome associated with neuroleptic treatment.

Meige's syndrome is characterized by blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Three cases are presented; two were associated with long-term neuroleptic administration. This drug-induced syndrome may be a variant of tardive dystonia, and prompt discontinuation of neuroleptic treatment may be therapeutic.

Adult↗