PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Bergström

Publications and source records attributed to J Bergström.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cigarette smoking and alveolar bone height in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene.

Smokers and non-smokers were compared with respect to alveolar bone height. The study covered 235 subjects aged 21-60 years, 72 of whom were smokers. Oral hygiene status and dental care habits were above average and of equal standard in both groups (PlI = 0.9). Alveolar bone height was assessed on radiographs and expressed as % of the root length. Alveolar bone height was significantly reduced in smokers as compared to non-smokers, the mean +/- SEM being 77.9 +/- 1.3% and 82.8 +/- 0.6%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Regression analysis suggested that periodontal breakdown judged from loss of alveolar bone over time was more accelerated in smokers than non-smokers. The lower bone height in smokers remained when age and oral hygiene were allowed for. It is concluded that smoking is a risk factor for periodontal health.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Periapical status in subjects with regular dental care habits.

This study covered 250 subjects aged 21-60 yr subdivided into four age groups. Oral hygiene status and dental care habits were above average and the number of teeth remaining was high in all age groups (range 24.1-27.3). All subjects were radiographically examined by means of an intraoral full mouth survey. From the radiographs periapical lesions and root fillings were recorded. A total of 117 subjects (46.8%) presented with one or more periapical lesions distributed between 294 roots (2.9%) or 229 teeth (3.5%). Two-thirds of the periapical lesions were related to endodontically treated roots. Of all endodontically treated roots 28.8% were associated with a periapical lesion. Irrespective of the relative length 17.2% of the homogeneous and 37.9% of the inhomogeneous root fillings were associated with a periapical lesion. It is concluded that periapical lesions although rare in these subjects were most frequent in root filled teeth.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular function and alveolar gas exchange during isovolemic hemodialysis with acetate in healthy man.

In order to elucidate the hemodynamic responses and alveolar gas exchange during isovolemic hemodialysis (IHD), without the influence of the uremic state and its complications, 7 healthy men underwent IHD. The dialysate contained acetate (40 mmol/l) and the sodium concentration was adjusted to the individual's predetermined plasma sodium concentration. By invasive techniques cardiac index (thermodilution), stroke index, heart rate, brachial and pulmonary arterial blood pressures, systemic vascular resistance index, central blood temperature, PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured. Calf vascular resistance was assessed by venous occlusion plethysmography. Plasma acetate was determined. A recirculation period of 30 min was followed by 120 min of IHD. During IHD plasma acetate increased to 2.51 +/- 0.30 mmol/l. Acetate provoked vascular dilatation, which was compensated for by a heart rate-dependent increase in cardiac index. Brachial arterial blood pressure and stroke index remained unchanged. PaCO2 and plasma bicarbonate decreased significantly, PaO2 tended to decrease and blood pH were unchanged. Thus, IHD with acetate in healthy man is mainly characterized by vasodilatation, but no cardiodepressive effects or marked hypoxemia. The adaptation to IHD is similar to that observed during treatment of uremic patients without complications.

Acetates↗
PubMed1987

Amino acid therapy for patients with chronic renal failure.

Conservative therapy in advanced chronic renal failure is based on low-protein diet. Precautions have to be taken so that the patient does not develop protein deficiency. By supplementing low-protein diets with essential amino acids orally (as tablets) this risk can be minimized. Uremic patients have specific requirements for some amino acids which can be fulfilled by modifying the composition of the amino acid preparation. By supplementing a low-protein diet (approximately 0.3 g protein/kg B.W./day) with an amino acid mixture which contains proportionally more valine and less leucine and isoleucine than prescribed by the Rose formula and, in addition, histidine and tyrosine, the amino acid abnormalities in plasma and muscle can be improved and nitrogen equilibrium maintained.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1987

Patient-related factors influencing the plasma acetate concentration during haemodialysis.

In 44 adult patients, 16 men and 28 women, with chronic renal failure who were dialysed under uniform conditions (Dialyser area 1.2 m2, blood flow 200 ml/min, dialysate flow 500 ml/min, dialysis fluid acetate concentration 35 mmol/l) we determined the plasma acetate concentration after 1 h of haemodialysis (1H-Ac) and 3 h of dialysis (3H-Ac). 1H-Ac was significantly lower than 3H-Ac in both male and female patients, and both mean values were significantly greater in males than in females. 3H-Ac showed a negative correlation with body surface area, serum creatinine before dialysis, and serum albumin, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, body surface area and serum creatinine showed the strongest significant combination of independent variables (R = 0.66), and accounted for 43% of the total variance in 3H-Ac. Sex, age, serum albumin and haematocrit did not further contribute to explaining the variance in 3H-Ac independently of body surface area and serum creatinine. Assuming that serum creatinine to some extent reflects the generation rate of creatinine and thus the muscle mass of the patients, our findings suggest that the rate of metabolism of acetate is proportional to the body size and that acetate is metabolised to a large extent in skeletal muscle. Accordingly, malnutrition with muscle-wasting may lead to slow metabolism of acetate and possibly to exaggerated acetate-related side-effects.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Radiation therapy in operable breast cancer: results from the Stockholm trial on adjuvant radiotherapy.

In a randomized trial, 960 women with Stage 1-3 operable breast cancer were treated by a modified radical mastectomy alone, or by the same procedure, preceded or followed by radiotherapy (4500 rad to the breast/chest wall, and internal mammary, axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes). Up to ten years after treatment, there is an increasing gap between the recurrence-free survival of the irradiated patients and the surgical controls. Between the two types of radiotherapy, there was no difference. There were significantly fewer distant metastases and a tendency for improved survival in node positive patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy, compared to the surgical controls, this difference was, however, statistically not significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Muscle water and electrolytes in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Muscle water and electrolytes were determined in percutaneous muscle biopsy material from m. quadriceps femoris in 33 uremic patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for 1-38 months, and in 34 normal subjects. The patients showed increased muscle contents of water, sodium, and chloride relative to fat-free solids (FFS); both intra- and extracellular water contents were increased. The total water content was inversely correlated with the duration of CAPD. The muscle potassium content was increased, both relative to FFS and to magnesium, whereas the intracellular potassium concentration was normal. Despite hypermagnesemia, the muscle content of magnesium was normal and the intracellular concentration was even slightly decreased due to the increase in intracellular water. We conclude that muscle water and electrolyte status is abnormal in CAPD patients, but the alterations appear to be less marked than in uremic patients undergoing other forms of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effect of non-surgical treatment on periodontal pockets in smokers and non-smokers.

Changes in probing pocket depth following non-surgical periodontal treatment were investigated in 75 patients, 40 of whom were heavy smokers. Pockets with an initial probing depth of 4-6 mm were studied. The treatment consisted of patient instruction and motivation and debridement of plaque and calculus by hand instrumentation. The treatment was completed within 5 months and probing depth was recorded prior to and 1 month following the completion of therapy. Plaque index was reduced to a minimum in both smokers (P1I = 0.2) and non-smokers (P1I = 0.1) following treatment. An average reduction in probing pocket depth of 1.1 mm in smokers and 1.2 mm in non-smokers was observed. The reduction attained was less in smokers than in non-smokers for all regions of the dentition investigated. The greatest difference between groups was observed for the maxillary anterior region.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cigarette smoking in patients referred for periodontal treatment.

369 adult patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were compared with a survey sample from the population of Stockholm regarding smoking habits. The results showed that the frequency of daily cigarette smokers was significantly greater in the periodontitis sample. The odds ratio for a smoker to appear among periodontitis patients was more than doubled as compared to the population at large. In addition, the periodontal variables of PlI, GI, probing depth and the patient's experience of gingival bleeding were recorded and compared between smoking and non-smoking patients. PlI was found to be similar in smokers and non-smokers. Signs and symptoms of gingivitis as evidenced by the patients' experience of gingival bleeding and by GI were less pronounced in patients who smoke. Only 25% of smokers reported bleeding gingiva as compared to 51% of non-smokers. No differences were observed regarding probing depth except for lingual pockets of the maxilla where a significantly greater probing depth was observed in smokers. It was concluded that smokers may run an increased risk for periodontitis. Furthermore, gingival inflammatory symptoms seem to be suppressed in patients who smoke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Clinical investigation of the new dialyzer Gambro PRO-3.

A new plate dialyzer, Gambro PRO-3, with a polycarbonate-polyether membrane (Gambrane) was tested. The membrane thickness is 16 micron and the dialyzer surface area 0.77 m2. 11 regular hemodialysis patients who were treated 3 times per week were studied and 32 dialyses were performed. Clearances of urea, creatinine, uric acid and inorganic phosphate at different blood flows were measured early and late in dialysis. Pulse rate and blood pressure were observed. Ultrafiltration rate and the residual blood volume were also measured. The performance of the dialyzer with regard to clearances was similar to that of the standard GLP 11.5 micron but inorganic phosphate clearance was slightly higher in PRO-3. The ultrafiltration of PRO-3 is about the same as for the GLP 11.5 micron dialyzer. No membrane leaks were observed, neither any adverse reactions in the patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Alveolar bone height in professional musicians.

This study aimed at determining alveolar bone height in musicians playing wind instruments and non-wind instruments. Two hundred and forty-two subjects, 208 men and 34 women, from 3 national orchestras in Stockholm were examined in an intraoral full-mouth survey. The height of alveolar bone, registered by a computerized method, was expressed as a percentage of the root length. Mean alveolar bone height varied from 87.4% in subjects aged 21-30 years to 73.6% in subjects aged 51-60 years. There were no significant differences between the two categories of instrumentalists in any age group. With regard to individual teeth, the greatest values of bone height were observed for canines and second premolars, whereas mandibular incisors and maxillary molars displayed the lowest values. The alveolar bone height was not significantly different for the two categories of instrumentalists in either anterior teeth or posterior teeth. It is concluded that playing wind instruments does not influence the alveolar bone height to such an extent as to be detectable on a large-scale epidemiologic basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of non-surgical treatment on gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers.

According to previous findings, gingival bleeding seems to be reduced under the influence of cigarette smoking. The present study deals with the effect of non-surgical therapy on gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers. The underlying hypothesis was that the therapeutic effect in terms of reduction of gingival bleeding might differ in smokers and non-smokers. Twenty patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers, took part in the study. Gingival bleeding was assessed by probing under a standardized pressure (60 g), and measurements were performed before and 1 month after the completion of active treatment. The active treatment included debridement of supra- and sub-gingival deposits by means of hand instrumentation. The treatment caused a reduction in plaque index and gingival bleeding both in smokers and in non-smokers. The plaque reduction was significantly greater in smokers. Nevertheless, the reduction in gingival bleeding was significantly less pronounced than that attained in non-smokers. The findings suggest that the gingival bleeding response to treatment is reduced in smokers. It would seem that in response to a given amount of plaque reduction the changes in gingival bleeding will be less apparent under the influence of smoking.

Adult↗