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Biomedical subjects

J Bergström

Publications and source records attributed to J Bergström.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A method for separation of middle molecules by high performance liquid chromatography: application in studies of glucuronyl-o-hydroxyhippurate in normal and uremic subjects.

An efficient separation of middle molecules (Mr 350-2000) was obtained by gel permeation HPLC and ion exchange HPLC. These methods were used to analyze glucuronyl-o-hydroxyhippurate (GOHH), a metabolite previously identified in plasma and urine from uremic patients. The concentrations of GOHH in normal and uremic urine and in uremic plasma increased markedly after the ingestion of salicylate. Oral ingestion of phenylalanine and tyrosine did not influence GOHH in plasma and urine. The results indicate that GOHH is an endogenous metabolite in normal and uremic subjects, as well as a novel metabolite of salicylate.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1986

Progression of chronic renal failure in man is retarded with more frequent clinical follow-ups and better blood pressure control.

In 17 patients with chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 12-66 ml/min) who entered a prospective study, clinical and laboratory check-ups were made once a month. This was much more frequent than during the preceding 2-year period. The progression rate of renal failure evaluated from the change with time in the reciprocal of serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, respectively, was significantly slower after entering the study than before, without any dietary intervention having been instituted. The retardation of progression was associated with improved blood pressure control. We conclude from this study that the frequency and presumably the quality of the clinical check-ups, especially with regard to control of hypertension, may favorably influence the progression of chronic renal failure, independently of the protein intake. This may have important implications for the design of randomized studies, aimed at assessing whether a lowering of protein intake may retard progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Influence of protein intake on renal hemodynamics and plasma hormone concentrations in normal subjects.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by clearance of inulin and creatinine and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) by para-aminohippurate clearance was investigated in 8 normal volunteers on low protein (LP) and high protein (HP) diet for 6 days in the basal state and after a mixed protein-rich test meal. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glucagon (IRG) and growth hormone (IRHGH) were followed before and after the test meal. GFR was higher on HP than on LP diet and increased within one hour after the test meal. ERPF also increased significantly after the meal on LP diet. IRI increased maximally at 60 min after the test meal and then declined gradually. IRG increased after a latency period of 90 min and IRHGH consistently did not change. Since the increase in GFR was significant already one hour after the test meal, i.e. before IRG was changed, we conclude that glucagon is not a mediator of the protein-induced increased in GFR. Neither insulin nor growth hormone appeared to be involved.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Free amino acids in muscle tissue and plasma during exercise in man.

Blood and muscle samples (percutaneous biopsy of m. quadriceps femoris) were taken before exercise and after 10 and 20 min of exercise in four healthy subjects working on a bicycle ergometer with a load of 70% of Vo2 max. Free amino acids were determined in plasma and muscle and the intracellular concentration of each amino acid was calculated by the chloride method. The plasma concentration of alanine, arginine and glutamine increased during exercise. In muscle there was an increase in glutamine and alanine concentration and a decrease in glutamate concentration at 10 min of exercise; after 20 min of exercise the increase in alanine and glutamine concentrations was less marked, but the decrease in glutamate concentration was of a similar magnitude. The results demonstrate that glutamate is a quantitatively important ammonia acceptor during heavy exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

On drug artifacts in middle molecule analysis.

In a retrospective study of 58 nondialyzed uremic patients, artifacts originating from furosemide, methyldopa, hydralazine, allopurinol and beta-blocking agents on determination of plasma middle molecules could not be substantiated. Furosemide administration did not have any influence on middle molecule determination in hemodialysis patients. The salicyclic acid administration in normal subjects resulted in increased urinary excretion of fraction 7c; the role of salicylic acid needs to be further investigated.

Furosemide↗
PubMed1985

Dental care habits, oral hygiene, and gingival health in Swedish professional musicians.

The investigation covered 250 professional musicians employed in 3 leading national orchestras in Stockholm, Sweden. The aims were to describe dental care habits, such as frequency of dental visits and frequency and methods of oral hygiene, and to relate these habits to oral cleanliness and gingival health in wind and non-wind instrument musicians. The results showed that 81.2% visited their dentist at least once a year and that 82.8% had had such a regular habit for the past 5 years or more. All subjects claimed to brush their teeth daily, and 66.0% used supplementary oral hygiene aids. The clinical examination showed that oral cleanliness and gingival health were of good standard. Mean plaque index was 0.9 and mean gingival index 1.2. Both measures increased with age and were closely correlated (r = 0.80). The relationships between the dental care habits studied and the clinical conditions with regard to oral cleanliness or gingival health were rather weak, although trends towards better gingival condition and oral cleanliness were observed with increasing frequency of toothbrushing. The results indicate a high degree of dental conscientiousness in professional musicians. No differences were observed between wind and non-wind instrument musicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Occurrence of gingival bleeding in smoker and non-smoker patients.

The objective of the present investigation was to study the influence of cigarette smoking on the occurrence of gingival bleeding. The occurrence of bleeding was evaluated by probing at a standardized pressure of 60 g. The bleeding occurrence of each patient was indicated by the number of sites bleeding on probing as a percentage of the total. Twenty patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers, participated in the study. The smoker patients had been regular smokers for at least 15 years, their present tobacco consumption being 20 cigarettes a day or more. The results showed that, although they had a significantly greater plaque index, smokers displayed a significantly lower bleeding occurrence than non-smokers, the average being 27% and 40%, respectively. The present findings suggest that gingival bleeding as measured by probing with a pressure of 60 g is reduced in smokers with periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dental health in professional musicians. A radiographic study in dental conscious subjects.

A study has been performed covering the oral health of 247 professional musicians in Stockholm aged 21-60 yr. In an earlier study the oral hygiene was found to be of a high standard. The following part of this study concerned dental health i.e. remaining and intact teeth, decayed and filled proximal surfaces. All registrations were made on intraoral full mouth surveys. The number of remaining teeth was large, but decreased with age. In the 51-60 age group, 24.1 teeth remained on average. The number of teeth intact ranged from 55-28% of remaining teeth in the youngest and oldest age group respectively. A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions. Only 3.3% of all filled surfaces showed secondary lesions. The number of secondary lesions increased with age. A total of 30.9% of the subjects showed no proximal lesions. It was concluded that in adults who have adopted proper oral hygiene it is possible to preserve a large number of teeth and to limit the deterioration caused by caries.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effects of blood-dialyser interaction (sham-dialysis) on haemodynamics and oxygen tension in healthy man.

To evaluate the normal haemodynamic and respiratory responses to blood-membrane contact sham-dialysis, i.e. with blood flowing through a dialyser but without dialysate and ultrafiltration, was performed on healthy young men during 150 minutes. Heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary arterial blood pressure (continuously recorded during the initial 30 minutes) did not change significantly. The white blood cell count fell markedly to a minimum after 20 minutes of blood-membrane contact, then returning to above the baseline values, but PaO2 did not change significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Determination of histidine and 3-methylhistidine in physiological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography.

High-performance liquid chromatography based on pre-column derivatization of histidine and 3-methylhistidine with o-phthalaldehyde-mercaptoethanol has been used to determine these amino acids in small volumes of plasma and urine. The elution is performed in 45 min on a 5-micron Resolve C18 column by a multi-step gradient. The eluted analytes are measured with a fluorescence detector which provides detection limits of less than 1 pmol per 20-microliter injection. The correlation between concentration and the integrated area of amino acids gives a linear relationship between 10 and 150 pmol per injection. Some preliminary results from patients with chronic renal failure under variation of diet are presented.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to the determination of free amino acids in physiological fluids.

Multiple-step gradient systems were used for the analysis of free amino acids in physiological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection on two reversed-phase C18 columns. Standard amino acids, plasma or urine samples were subjected to derivatization with ophthalaldehyde in the presence of mercaptoethanol before the separation was performed. More than 22 amino acids were separated in less than 1 h on either 5-micron Ultrasphere-ODS columns or 5-micron Resolve C18 columns by using a two-solvent system. The correlation of the integrated peak areas with the concentration of all amino acids showed a linear relationship between 10 and 150 pmol per 20-microliter injection for all The method has a lower detection limit of less than 1 pmol per 20-microliter injection for all amino acids. Quantitative analysis of micro amounts of amino acids in plasma and urine by the internal standard method gave highly reproducible results with a mean coefficient of variation of less than 3% and r2 = 0.999. Because of the simplicity of the method its application provides a better means for closely monitoring the patients undergoing dialysis and treatment for renal disorders. These results are compared with those from classical ion-exchange chromatography.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Glomerular hyperfiltration after protein ingestion, during glucagon infusion, and in insulin-dependent diabetes is induced by a liver hormone: deficient production of this hormone in hepatic failure causes hepatorenal syndrome.

Glomerular hyperfiltration induced by various stimuli (protein ingestion, amino-acid infusion, glucagon infusion, diabetes mellitus) is postulated to be associated with increased secretion by the liver of a hormone that increases glomerular filtration rate. In severe liver failure deficient secretion of this hormone is presumed to cause or contribute to the development of the hepatorenal syndrome. There is evidence that increased hepatic uptake of aminoacids is a factor triggering secretion of this hormone. The hypothesis, which is based on earlier published studies in laboratory animals and in man, accords well with clinical observations. This hypothesis may explain how glomeruli respond to metabolic stimuli and raises the possibility of therapeutic intervention in the glomerular hyperfiltration of diabetes and chronic renal failure.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

The topography of papillary gingiva in health and early gingivitis.

Using stereo-images, topographical features within the maxillary papillary gingiva between the lateral and central incisors were investigated in 36 healthy young adults. The features studied were surface stippling, presence of a gingival groove, papillary length and papillary area. The prevalence of stippling was found to be 95%. The intensity of stippling varied considerably between individuals, the mean being 2.6 depressions/mm2. A gingival groove only occurred in 19% of the cases examined. The maximum length of the papilla from the base to its most incisal tip was measured in relation to the length of the crown of the lateral incisor. This ratio was found to be close to 0.5, indicating a healthy papilla reaching about halfway to the incisal edge. The surface area of the papilla was measured in relation to the labial surface area of the lateral incisor. This ratio was close to 0.25, indicating that the papillary surface under healthy conditions amounts to about 1/4 of the labial surface of the lateral incisor crown. Changes resulting from 20 days of plaque accumulation were also investigated. A mean GI of 0.8 was recorded at the end of the experimental period; however, no measurable changes in stippling intensity or papillary shape could be established. These findings suggest that the early stages of gingivitis are characterized mainly by changes in gingival colour, while changes in surface texture and shape are secondary characteristics of clinical inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Discovery and rediscovery of low protein diet.

The basis of conservative treatment in chronic uremia is the restriction of protein, which lowers blood urea and diminishes nausea, vomiting and other uremic symptoms. Protein restriction to less than 25-30 g per day in adult patients may lead to negative nitrogen balance and protein depletion, which can be prevented by supplementing the diet with essential amino acids or a mixture of essential keto acid analogues and amino acids. The traditional view has been that low protein diet affords symptomatic relief in chronic uremia but does not effect the progression of renal failure. However, recent clinical results, mostly retrospective, suggest that protein restriction may retard or halt progression. This has led to a renewed interest in therapy with low protein diet and essential amino acids or keto analogues, since this form of treatment may postpone the time when the patient has to be started on dialysis, or even make dialysis unnecessary. It is not settled by which mechanism protein restriction effects progression of renal failure. According to one hypothesis, hyperphosphatemia (high Ca X P product) is harmful for the diseased kidneys; protein restriction is beneficial, since a low protein diet is generally also low in phosphate. An alternative hypothesis suggests that glomerular hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons of the diseased kidneys is harmful and leads to glomerulosclerosis; low protein intake protects the kidney by abolishing glomerular hyperfiltration.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Muscle biopsy studies in patients with moderate liver cirrhosis with special reference to energy-rich phosphagens and electrolytes.

Energy-rich phosphagens, water, and electrolytes were determined in skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from five elderly women and five elderly men with moderate liver cirrhosis. At the time of the study the patients were in their usual condition without evidence of deterioration of the disease. When compared with findings in apparently healthy subjects of similar age, the distribution and level of electrolytes and water were within normal limits in the female patients. The male patients showed increased contents of muscle water, and Mg2+ was reduced. The values calculated for the intracellular concentration of K+ and Mg2+ were also below normal. The pattern and levels of energy-rich phosphagens were abnormal in all but one female patient. As a general finding, ATP and the total level of adenine nucleotides were markedly reduced, as were phosphocreatine, the ATP/ADP ratio, and the energy charge potential.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗