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Biomedical subjects

J C Chaput

Publications and source records attributed to J C Chaput.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Follow-up of alcoholic patients in a hepatogastroenterology unit. Preliminary results (author's transl)].

Out of 126 alcoholic patients treated in a hepatogastroenrology unit, 55 were lost sight of after discharge, mainly because they lived far from the hospital, and 71 (56.3%) were followed up for a mean period of 10 months. Among the patients followed up, 11% showed clinical evidence, and 43.5% clinical and biochemical evidence (return to normal of mean corpuscular volume and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels) of having stopped taking alcohol. Forty-five p. cent resumed drinking habits. Is was found that those patients who were married, had a professional activity, social contacts and no serious mental disorders were more likely to be weaned. There were more patients with cirrhosis of the liver among those who discontinued alcohol than among those who kept drinking. The authors underline that these subjects are best treated by a team comprising clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and members of associations of former alcoholics.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Upper digestive tract hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients. Contribution of multidimensional analysis to the study of variables related to the cause of the hemorrhage.

Sixteen clinical and biological variables were recorded in 116 episodes of upper digestive tract hemorrhage of known cause in cirrhotic patients. One-dimensional analysis reveals a significant correlation between six variables and the rupture of esophagogastric varices, whereas multiple linear regression and partial correlation analysis reduces the significant variables to two: a history of digestive hemorrhage and the nonalcoholic etiology of the cirrhosis. A value of the discriminant function exists for which the specificity and, consequently, the positive predictive value are equal to 100%, but with a sensitivity of 39%. These results mean that, in an explanatory approach, partial correlation analysis seems to constitute an indispensable complement to analysis of clinical and biological variables, since it reduces the chances of unwarranted explanatory interpretation. However, in a pragmatic approach, the recording of 16 variables does not permit a clear discrimination between ruptured varices and nonruptured varices; this suggests that either other factor(s) remain to be discovered or else that those related to ruptured varices and to acute ulcerations are the same.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

Carcinoid tumor of the common bile duct.

The fifth case of a common bile duct carcinoid tumor is reported. The importance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography on the one hand and specialized staining on the other for diagnosis is emphasized. The slow growing nature of these tumors favors extensive surgery whenever possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The effects of wheat bran and pectin on the oral glucose tolerance test in patients after gastric surgery (author's transl)].

In 23 patients previously operated on the stomach, the effect of pectin and wheat bran on the glucose tolerance test (G.T.T.) has been studied. If wheat bran had no significant effect on the glucose tolerance curve, pectin had a significant effect, lowering blood glucose value before the 90th minute (1,32 +/- 0,33 g/l as against 1,87 +/- 0,23 on the 30th minute) and elevating blood glucose value after the 90th minute of the G.T.T. (0.90 +/- 0,30 as against 0, 63 +/- 0,26 on the 120th minute). Therapeutic efficiency of pectin was confirmed in three patients who had symptoms of hypoglycaemia, which disappeared with the intake of 5 g of pectin before each meal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Drug-induced active hepatitis (author's transl)].

Drug-induced active hepatitis is rare. The three main drugs incriminated are oxyphenisatine, alphamethyldopa and isoniazid. Despite the histological appearance suggestive of chronic active hepatitis, such forms of hepatitis, and in particular those due to alphamethyldopa and isonizid, follow an acute rather than a chronic course. The course is usually rapidly favourable when the responsible drug is stopped, provided the histological lesions are not those of multilobar necrosis or cirrhosis.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1979

[Metabolism and kinetics of ampicillin elimination in cirrhosis. Therapeutical consequences. (author's transl)].

In cirrhotic patients, the authors studied the modification of the pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in the plasma and in the ascitic fluid, as well as its concentration in the urine. The influence of the jaundice, the ascites and diuretics were studied. In cirrhosis, dilution and elimination of the antibiotic are modified, as is shown by the increase in T 1/2 alpha and T 1/2 beta. These anomalies seem to be due essentially to modifications in the distribution volume; the degree of hepatocellular insufficiency does not appear to be of importance. The ascites acts as an independent compartment, into which the antibiotic's passage in slight. The practical consequences are the following: less frequent injections, increasing of the fractionated doses, in situ injections of ampicillin in cases of infection of the ascitic liquid.

Ampicillin↗