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J C Hierholzer

Publications and source records attributed to J C Hierholzer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunological and biochemical characterization of human adenoviruses from subgenus B. II. DNA restriction analysis.

47 adenovirus strains related to Ad11, 14, 16, 21, 34, and 35 (including all subgenus B prototypes) were analyzed by DNA restriction analysis with Bam HI, Bgl II, Hind III, and Sma I. Typical fragments occurring in most of the strains were observed only with Hind III. Besides Ad3 and 7, 20 different genome types were distinguished. A pairwise analysis of comigrating fragments was performed for all genome types and summarized for the four enzymes. A medium rate of comigrating fragments (50 to 60 per cent) was found between Ad11, 14, 34, and 35 strains; Ad16 and 21 had 35 to 50 percent comigrating fragments. Within each group of closely related strains, Ad16 strains, Ad21 strains, and Ad34 + 35 strains showed a high rate (greater than 70 per cent) of comigrating fragments. Ad3 and 7 showed more comigration with Ad16 and 21 than with the others. Sixteen strains related to Ad21 were identical in their DNA restriction pattern and by serology. The relatedness determined by fragment comigration and by serology was compared by a quantitative estimate. The DNA relationship between Ad11 + 14 and Ad34 + 35 was not corroborated by serology. Ad21 was serologically related to Ad34 and 35, but not to Ad16; the opposite was found for DNA. The intermediate Ad21-16 showed a unique DNA pattern with some relation to Ad16.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1985

Antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies.

To study the antigenic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), we developed and evaluated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to three strains of RSV: 11 to Long, 4 to 18537, and 9 to A2. Six of these MAbs immunoprecipitated the nucleoprotein, six the large glycoprotein, and 11 the fusion protein. By the pattern of the reactions of these MAbs to 16 strains of RSV in an indirect immunofluorescence assay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we were able to distinguish three subgroups. With a panel of 10 of these 24 MAbs, we tested 26 strains isolated between 1979 and 1982 in Boston and found that 22 belonged to group 1, 4 to group 2, and none to group 3. The pattern of the reactions of the MAbs against representative strains from the three groups identified nine epitopes by indirect immunofluorescence assay: three of each on the nucleoprotein, the large glycoprotein, and the fusion protein. These results, along with those of previous studies, suggest that groups 1 and 3 are antigenically similar and group 2 is antigenically more distinct.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Microneutralization test for respiratory syncytial virus based on an enzyme immunoassay.

Virus infectivity and antibody neutralization titers for respiratory syncytial virus were determined in cell cultures in microtiter plates. After an appropriate incubation period, the cells were fixed, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed directly in the microtiter plates for detection of virus. Results could be read and recorded automatically, which is especially helpful when running large numbers of tests.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of adenovirus 15/H9 intermediate strains.

17 adenovirus strains from various parts of the United States and Europe were characterized by immunological and biochemical methods. They were antigenically related to adenovirus 15 (Ad15) in neutralization tests. In hemagglutination-inhibition tests, a relationship was seen to Ad9, but not to Ad15. These strains were named Ad15/H9 intermediate strains. The relatedness of prototypes Ad15 and Ad29 in neutralization tests and of Ad9 and Ad8 in hemagglutination-inhibition tests was also found in the strains studied. The DNAs of these strains were analyzed by use of restriction endonucleases. After cleavage with the enzymes BamHI, BglII, BstEII, HindIII, and SmaI, fragment patterns of Ad15/H9 strains were found to be different from the prototypes and were more closely related to Ad9 than to Ad15. Furthermore, the 17 strains could be classified into six different genome types, a-f.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1984

Application of a solid-phase immunofluorometric assay to the selection of monoclonal antibody specific for the adenovirus group-reactive hexon antigen.

An immunofluorometric assay (IFMA) has been evaluated as a screening assay to detect monoclonal antibodies to the group-specific antigen of the adenovirus hexon component. The antibodies were produced as mouse ascitic fluids from hybridoma cells generated from Balb/C mice immunized with purified adenovirus type 2 hexon component and crude adenovirus type 3 culture supernatants. The purified IgG fractions from all monoclonal ascitic fluids tested were identified as the IgG1 K mouse isotype. Antibody titers ranged from 102,400 to 204,800 by the IFMA, from 200 to 12,800 by indirect FA, and were generally nonreactive in counterelectrophoresis, complement fixation, hemagglutination-inhibition, serum neutralization, and immune electron microscopy titrations. The IFMA is a reliable method for quantitating low levels of specific antibody in large numbers of test samples, and is therefore ideal as a screening assay for monoclonal antibody in tissue culture fluids and in mouse ascitic fluids.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1984

Spectrophotometric quantitation of peroxidase-stained protein bands following gel electrophoresis and the western blot transfer technique with respiratory syncytial virus.

A procedure is described for spectrophotometrically measuring the position and intensity of ELISA-stained protein bands after western blot analyses. Partially purified virus proteins separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrophoretically transblotted onto nitrocellulose paper were identified by ELISA reactions according to established procedures. The nitrocellulose paper strips were then rendered transparent on glass slides by treatment with a plastics solvent (Gelman Sepra-Clear). The slides were then scanned at 480 nm to obtain the precise migration distance and area under the curve (i.e., quantity) of each band, thus allowing accurate comparison of the proteins from different virus strains.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1984

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: report of an outbreak in an ophthalmology practice and recommendations for prevention.

In Fall 1981, an outbreak of acute infectious conjunctivitis with keratitis (EKC) occurred in patients who had visited a private ophthalmology clinic just prior to onset of illness. Among an estimated 2,200 patient visits to the office from August 10 to October 15, 1981 for problems unrelated to infectious conjunctivitis, 39 (1.8%) persons subsequently developed EKC. The median incubation period was 6.5 days (range, 1 to 14 days). A case-control study was done to identify risk factors associated with contracting EKC; patients with EKC were more likely than control patients to have been examined by one or the other of two of the four ophthalmologists at the clinic and to have undergone procedures such as tonometry or foreign body removal. Adenovirus was isolated from conjunctival swabs from four of five persons with conjunctivitis; three were type 8 and one was type 7. Recognition of the problem and improved handwashing practices were associated with terminating the outbreak. This outbreak illustrates the potential for transmission of adenovirus infection during the provision of eye care. Infection control practitioners should be familiar with measures for the prevention of such infections among ophthalmology patients.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1984

Quantitation of enterovirus 70 antibody by microneutralization test and comparison with standard neutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, and complement fixation tests with different virus strains.

We describe here a microneutralization procedure for conveniently testing large numbers of specimens for antibodies to enterovirus 70. The test utilized human rhabdomyosarcoma cells and was read by staining with crystal violet after 4 days of incubation. The test compares well with other serological assays, being more sensitive than the standard tube neutralization test and the complement fixation test, but less sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test. However, the hemagglutination inhibition test required concentrated, partially purified virus as antigen, as did the complement fixation test, and was difficult to read, so that its greater sensitivity may not be of practical significance. By all four test procedures, a recent isolate of enterovirus 70 was a more sensitive antigen than the prototype strain, as shown by greater geometric mean titers in sera of patients from various epidemics.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

Use of the biotin-avidin system to study the specificity of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus.

To characterize the specificity of monoclonal antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus, we developed a technique which combined the biotin-avidin system, immunoprecipitation, and transblot electrophoresis. The viral proteins were first biotinylated and then immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal antibody or respiratory syncytial virus immune serum, separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electrophoretically transferred to nitrocellulose paper. The protein bands were located on the paper with avidin-peroxidase plus a precipitable substrate. This procedure gave reproducible results qualitatively similar to those obtained by radioimmunoprecipitation but without the cost, risk of radiation exposure, or disposal problems of radioisotopes. This procedure should have widespread applications.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

Studies of stools from pseudomembranous colitis, rotaviral, and other diarrheal syndromes by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography.

Thirty-five patients with various diarrheal syndromes and 22 controls were studied. All stool samples were carefully cultured for Clostridium difficile, using selective isolation media. Cytotoxin assays with proper antitoxin neutralization were done in MRC-5 cells. The stool samples were extracted four times, three times at pH 2 and once at pH 10, using CHCl3 or ether. Derivatizations of extracts were done with trichloroethanol, heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and heptafluorobutyric anhydride-ethanol, and all derivatives were analyzed by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (FPEC-GLC). A dedicated computer was used to assist in both qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Isocaproic acid (iC6) was always found in stool from which C. difficile was isolated and was absent in C. difficile-negative specimens. p-Cresol was found frequently in both persons with pseudomembranous colitis and controls. Tryptamine was found in stool containing C. bifermentans. The FPEC-GLC profiles of persons with acute diarrhea were very different from those of normal persons. Diarrhea associated with adenovirus and rotavirus, Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia spp. showed different FPEC-GLC patterns. Stools from well persons consistently contained full-scale peaks of pyruvic, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids. In rotavirus stools isobutyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids were reduced in quantity from those found in control stools, whereas propionic and butyric acids were increased.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Adenovirus 38: a new human adenovirus species of subgenus D.

From the stool of a Dutch girl, a new virus (LJ) was isolated that by morphological, biological, and immunological criteria was a human adenovirus. Because of its hemagglutinating activity for rat and human red blood cells and its DNA restriction enzyme pattern, the virus was classified as a member of subgenus D. It was distinct in neutralization tests from all other human adenoviruses. The hemagglutinin was antigenically similar to that of adenoviruses 13 and 39, but the DNA differed from that of these two species. It is proposed to call virus LJ candidate Mastadenovirus h 38. Two other viruses belonging to the same new species were isolated in the USA.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1983

Herpes type 2 infection with unusual generalised manifestations and delayed diagnosis in an adult male.

A case of severe generalised herpes simplex type 2 infection is described in an adult male who had known exposure to herpes. The patient first complained of headache, fever and neurological symptoms, and three to six days later of conjunctivitis, severe pharyngitis, arthralgia and vesicular lesions about the body. During the first 14 days of illness, including three in hospital, the patient was diagnosed as having infection with varicella virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or hand-foot-and-mouth disease virus. The diagnosis of infection with herpesvirus was not considered until herpesvirus was visualised in vesicular fluid by electron microscopy six weeks after onset. HSV-2 was then repeatedly isolated from vesicular fluids over the next four years. Detailed serological tests on the patient's sequential serum samples demonstrated a specific and continued response to HSV-2. He possibly acquired the virus iatrogenically, either by oral droplet transmission into or finger contamination of a PPD injection site, from the nurse who administered the injection and then palpated the site.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Keratoconjunctivitis associated with adenovirus type 37: an extended outbreak in an ophthalmologist's office.

An outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis occurred in three clusters among patients of an ophthalmologist during 1977-1978. Cases in the third cluster and possibly one case in the first were caused by infection with adenovirus type 37. Among 83 infected patients, the mean interval between a visit to the ophthalmologist's office and the onset of symptoms was 11 days. Conjunctival specimens from 64 (77%) of the patients yielded adenovirus type 37, and adenovirus hexon antigen was identified by counterimmunoelectrophoresis in pooled specimens from the office environment. Infected patients were older and had more glaucoma, and were therefore tested more frequently by tonometry, than noninfected control patients. The association of this outbreak with adenovirus type 37 was made in 1981, the year in which this new serotype was fully described and reference reagents were produced. This is the first report of infection due to adenovirus type 37 in the United States.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1983

The changing etiology of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis: antigenic and restriction enzyme analyses of adenovirus types 19 and 37 isolated over a 10-year period.

Strains of adenovirus types 19 (Ad-19) and 37 (Ad-37) isolated from cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) over a 10-year period were analyzed for differences in antigenic and restriction enzyme patterns. By restriction analysis, 35% of the isolates recovered between 1973 and 1981 and typed by hemagglutination-inhibition tests as Ad-19 were in fact Ad-37. This finding was confirmed by comprehensive serologic tests when Ad-37 reagents became available in 1981. All Ad-19 strains isolated between 1973 and 1980 were identical to the previously described genotype Ad-19A, and these Ad-19A strains exhibited a differential hemagglutination profile distinct from that of Ad-19 and Ad-37 prototypes. The earliest Ad-37 case found in the United States occurred in April 1976; Ad-37 then became the major agent of EKC from 1977 to 1983. Intermediate strains between types 19A and 37 were not detected by either antigenic or restriction fragment analyses. Thus, some genetic event appears to generate new genotypes such as Ad-19A and serotypes such as Ad-37.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1983

Oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of enterovirus 70 isolates from the 1980 to 1981 pandemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: evidence for a close genetic relationship among Asian and American strains.

Enterovirus 70 isolates obtained in Asia and the Americas between 1980 and 1981 from cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis were found to be very closely related by RNase T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting. Two closely related isolates from the first acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis epidemic (1969 to 1972) differed by many oligonucleotides from the 1980 to 1981 pandemic strains. The strong similarities of oligonucleotide patterns of isolates from the same epidemic but from distant regions of the world suggest that the genome of enterovirus 70 tends to be conserved during natural infection, a possible consequence of the transient nature of the disease.

Acute Disease↗