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Biomedical subjects

J C Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to J C Sharma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Absent and abortive palmar triradii: a review of literature on their association with chromosomal aberrations.

The aetiology of mental retardation is linked with several factors including chromosomal aberrations which in turn are usually accompanied by altered dermatoglyphics. Many other disorders are also associated with chromosomal aberrations. In this paper, chromosomal aberrations producing mental retardation and other conditions, as reported in various published studies, have been reviewed, and the presence and absence of palmar triradii, as possible aids in diagnosing chromosomal anomalies, discussed.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

Dental morphology and odontometry of the Tibetan immigrants.

Dental features such as size, shape, cusp number and groove pattern, deflecting wrinkle, protostylid, form and size of dental arch and occlusion pattern, as well as crown diameters of maxillary and mandibular dentition of the Tibetan immigrants in India are described. Sex differences in various measurements are also noted. Overall reduction in size, presence of hypodontia of the third molar, and absence of Carabelli's trait are a distinct progressive/evolutionary trend in the Tibetan dentition, while presence of a shovel-shaped lingual surface of central and lateral incisors is a retrogressive/primitive condition. In some of the dental features Tibetans resemble Caucasoid and modern populations, in certain others they resemble other Mongoloid populations, and in still other features they resemble aboriginal populations and fossil hominids.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1981

An evaluation of parenteral mecillinam in a chest hospital.

The efficacy of parenteral mecillinam was evaluated in 105 elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infections or urinary tract infections. Another antibiotic, usually amoxycillin, was given concurrently in cases of respiratory infection. An adequate response was note in 86% of chest infections and in all of the urinary tract infections assessed. Mecillinam proved to have a low toxicity profile and intramuscular injections were very well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Residual poliomyelitis of lower limb-pattern and deformities.

The pattern of muscle paralysis and paresis in the lower limbs has been studied in 1356 children with 1800 poliomyelitic limbs, revealed that more than two-third (68 = 55%) muscles were affected, with the ratio of paresis and paralysed muscles were 1.89:1.00. The muscles most frequently affected were tibialis anterior (1516), quadriceps (1465) and tibialis posterior (1435) while tibialis anterior (1070), tibialis posterior (820) and quadriceps (766) were most commonly paralysed in descending order. The tibialis anterior which leads in paralysis group, has come last in order of frequency of paresis. The highest segmental incidence of affection of muscles found in second to fourth lumbar segments while muscle paralysis is found in fourth lumbar spinal segment. The commonest deformities encountered in residual poliomyelitis are flexion-abduction contracture hip, flexion contracture knee and valgus deformity foot.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The genetic contribution to pubertal growth and development studied by longitudinal growth data on twins.

Forty-eight pairs of MZ and like-sex DZ twins of Panjabi parentage were studied longitudinally for such pubertal changes as growth of genitalia, pubic, axillary and facial hair, change of voice and ejaculation of semen in boys, and growth of pubic and axillary hair, breast development and onset of menarche in girls, besides growth in height and weight. Mean intra-pair age differences are small and intra-pair correlations for age at different secondary sexual developments are higher in MZ twins than in DZ twins in both sexes. Mean intra-pair differences and intra-pair correlations for the time taken to pass from first stage to the final stage of development also present a similar picture. Intra-pair height and weight differences and differences in their growth velocities also indicate that MZ twins are more concordant than DZ twins throughout the adolescent growth period. These findings indicate a strong genetic component in regulating the pubertal changes as well as in the growth of height and weight in the two sexes. The role of environmental factors in at least some of the pubertal changes is also indicated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial resemblance for head size in a Punjabi population of India.

Four head measurements were taken on a sample of 45 MZ and 101 DZ twin pairs, their 125 singleton siblings, 104 fathers and 103 mothers in 146 Punjabi families living in Chandiagarh, India. The data indicate stronger genetic determination for the gross head size than its different components. Apart from genetic factors the role of environmental factors in the transmission of these traits is discussed. No higher maternal effect in the transmission of these traits have been found in the present data. However, on the contrary a higher paternal effect is indicated. The heritability estimates from siblings and twin data are higher than those from parent-offspring data. The influence of dominance factors in the transmission of head height is also suggested.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determination of medial epicondylar epiphyseal angle for supracondylar humeral fractures in children.

A new radiographic angle, the medial epicondylar epiphyseal (MEE) angle, was studied in 100 anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of normal children aged 3-12 years. The mean value was 38.2 degrees +/- 4.17 degrees (SD) (range 25 degrees-46 degrees), and the MEE angle could be drawn satisfactorily in 96 radiographs. The MEE angle did not vary significantly from this value in 25 Jones' view radiographs (paired t test, t = 0.06). The MEE angle was useful in assessing the accuracy of reduction of 20 supracondylar fractures of the humerus with satisfactory final results.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strokes in the elderly - higher acute and 3-month mortality - an explanation.

AIM: Stroke is common in older people. The objective of the study was to determine if older stroke patients have a higher mortality and disability compared with younger patients for comparable stroke severity and pathology and whether there is an explanation for the difference. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken in 296 consecutive patients admitted with acute stroke. Patients were studied for neurological features, pre-stroke functional disability, severity of stroke defined by stroke syndromes and pathology of stroke on CT scans (202 patients). Post-stroke disability was defined according to the functional status within 72 h of admission. A record was made of the intercurrent illness while the patients were in acute wards and of the risk factors. Patients were dichotomized into two age groups: younger group - up to 75 years (163 patients) and older group - over 75 years (133 patients). Outcome was measured according to (1) discharge status from acute wards, i.e., dead or alive, and (2) mortality at 3 months. RESULTS: Although there was no significant difference in severe clinical stroke syndromes (p = 0.72), CT scan features (p = 0.68) and pyrexia (0.38) between the two age groups, the older patients had significantly more disabling strokes as defined on Barthel Index (p = 0.015) and a higher mortality in the acute phase (p < 0.01) and at 3 months (p = 0.001). The older stroke patients had more severe pre-stroke disability (p < 0.001) and more severe neurological impairment for similar stroke severity and pathology. Early mortality was more influenced by pre-stroke global health than age whereas 3-month mortality was influenced by age to the exclusion of all other known prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The older stroke patients have more disabling stroke and an increased mortality for a similar spectrum of stroke severity and pathology. The explanation for higher mortality of the older patients is the poor pre-stroke health and higher immediate post-stroke disability.

Acute Disease↗