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Biomedical subjects

J Caballería

Publications and source records attributed to J Caballería.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Epidemiology of hepatitis B in hospital personnel (author's transl)].

This is a seroepidemiological study of infection by viral hepatitis type B affecting sanitary personnel in a general hospital with the objective of determining the occupational risk factor in the acquisition of this disease. Of the 791 subjects who participated in the study, 146 (18.5 percent) showed signs of present or past infection due to virus B (HBsAg or anti-HBs positive by RIA). Seropositivity in hospital personnel was significantly higher that observed in the population of 834 volunteer blood donors (12 percent). The greater frequency of signs of infection was observed in those who had frequent contact with blood and its derivates, and in those who had been working more than 5 years in the hospital. The occupational category with the greatest risk of acquisition of this infection is cleaning personnel, followed by physicians and nurses; and the work areas of greatest risk are the blood bank and the laboratory. The results of this epidemiological survey suggest that viral hepatitis acquired before the initiation of the hospital work are not predominantly B, while those acquired during hospital work are predominantly of type B.

Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of fibrosis in needle liver biopsies: evaluation of a colorimetric method.

Collagen content was measured in 38 needle liver biopsies (8 steatosis, 8 chronic hepatitis, 7 fibrosis and 15 cirrhosis) by a new colorimetric method based on the selective capacity of Sirius red and Fast green to bind to collagen and noncollagenous proteins, respectively. The values were compared with those obtained after determination of the degree of fibrosis by morphometry in the same tissue. In biopsies with cirrhosis and fibrosis, there was a higher amount of collagen than in biopsies with chronic hepatitis and steatosis. Furthermore, there was a highly significant direct correlation between the collagen content measured colorimetrically and the degree of fibrosis determined morphometrically (r = 0.77, p less than 0.001), suggesting that this new colorimetric method is useful in measuring the degree of fibrosis in needle liver biopsies.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compensated cirrhosis: natural history and prognostic factors.

To investigate the natural history of compensated cirrhosis, 293 consecutive patients without previous major complications (ascites, jaundice, encephalopathy or gastrointestinal hemorrhage) were studied in terms of morbidity (probability of developing decompensated cirrhosis during follow-up) and survival. Patients were diagnosed by liver histology between 1968 and 1980. Median follow-up was 63 months. Decompensation of cirrhosis was considered when a patient first developed one of the major complications of the disease. Ten years after diagnosis, the probability of developing decompensated cirrhosis and the survival probability rate were 58 and 47%, respectively. A multivariate survival analysis (Cox's regression model) using clinical, biochemical and histological data obtained at diagnosis disclosed seven factors that predicted prognosis: serum bilirubin; serum gamma-globulin concentration; hepatic stigmata; prothrombin time; sex; age, and alkaline phosphatase. According to the contribution of each one of these factors to the final model, a prognostic index was constructed that allows calculation of the estimated survival probability. The predicting value of this index was validated by a split sample testing technique.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ethanol feeding and malnutrition on collagen synthesizing and degrading enzymes in rat pancreas.

This study was performed to delineate the combined effects of a low-fat diet and chronic ethanol ingestion on collagen metabolism in rat pancreas. Rats fed a very low-fat diet (5% of total calories as lipid) for 12 weeks developed malnutrition as judged by weight loss (-33% of the initial body weight) and low serum albumin and amylase levels. The pancreas of malnourished rats showed increased collagenase activity with respect to animals fed a 35% lipid diet (p < 0.05). Hydroxyproline content was higher in the pancreas of malnourished rats and collagenase activity correlated well with hydroxyproline content (r = 0.57, p = 0.0013). Ethanol feeding for 12 weeks, regardless of the nutritional state of the rats, did not change the synthesis and degradation rates of collagen in the pancreas. The present study suggests that malnutrition may have profound effects on collagen metabolism.

Amylases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactions between alcohol and gastric metabolizing enzymes: practical implications.

It has been demonstrated recently that some portion of ingested alcohol does not enter the systemic circulation and is not retained in the gastrointestinal tract; instead, gastric oxidation or first-pass metabolism of ethanol occurs in the stomach, catalyzed by gastric alcohol dehydrogenase. First-pass metabolism of ethanol is minimal in the fasting state; it is lower in women than in men, and in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics; and it is abolished in patients after subtotal gastrectomy. In addition, some drugs may affect first-pass ethanol metabolism. Studies of the effects of H2-receptor antagonists on blood ethanol levels are reviewed. It is concluded that some H2-receptor antagonists (cimetidine and nizatidine, in particular) can inhibit gastric ethanol oxidation and thus increase blood alcohol levels after drinking. The clinical and medicolegal implications of these findings are discussed.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗