Ovine coccidiosis in England and Wales 1978-1979.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Catchpole.
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Eimeria flavescens and E. irresidua from the domestic rabbit are redescribed. The relatively smaller ovoidal oocysts of E. flavescens which measure on average 31.7 X 21.4 micrometer, possess a wide micropyle at the broad end. First-generation schizonts of this species develop deep in the glands of the lower small intestine. Merozoites migrate to the caecum and colon where second, third and fourth-generation schizonts develop in the superficial epithelium followed by the fifth-generation schizonts and gametocytes which form in the glands. In young Dutch rabbits E. flavescens is very pathogenic; low doses of oocysts produce a severe enteritis with high mortality and morbidity. The larger, broadly ellipsoidal oocysts of E. irresidua measure on average 38.4 X 23.2 micrometer and often possess a very small cryptic oocyst residuum. The endogenous stages develop in the small intestine only; first-generation schizonts in the glands and second-generation schizonts in the lamina propria whilst third and fourth-generation schizonts and gametocytes develop in the villous epithelium. E. irresidua is not pathogenic in young Dutch rabbits; even heavy infections produce only a transient pause in weight gain.
Eight species of coccidia were recognized in 596 faeces samples from 3 commercial rabbitries in South East England. The level of infection was related to management methods and at one site it was reduced by an outbreak of mucoid enteritis and/or its treatment with oxytetracycline. In samples from rabbits managed conventionally in the wire cages over droppings-pits, 96% contained oocysts and of these, 60% had 1000-10000 oocysts/g. Mixed infections were common, 67% of the animals carrying 2-4 different species. Eimeria, media, E. magna and E. perforans occurred most frequently; E. coecicola, E. irresidua and E. flavescens were less common and E. intestinalis and E. piriformis were relatively rare. E. stiedai was not recorded.
Observations on 5 different isolates of Eimeria stiedai from pure infections in laboratory-reared rabbits have confirmed the presence of an oocyst residuum. This structure was seen in 89--100% of the oocytes in cultures prepared both from the liver and from the faeces at different times during the patent period. The residuum consisted of 1--7 or more granules situated centrally in the oocyst and partially concealed by 4 sporocysts. The differential diagnosis of E. stiedai and E. coecicola is discussed.
Eimeria marsica Restani 1971 is re-described from oocysts recovered in pure culture from experimentally infected coccidia-free lambs. The ellipsoidal oocysts, which measure 19-1 x 13-1 mum, possess an inconspicuous micropylar cap. The prepatent period varies from 14-16 days. E. marsica is recorded for the first time from sheep in England.
The behaviour of four species of Eimeria was studied in lambs which were given either monospecific or multispecific infections. In the presence of other species the patency of oocyst production of E. ovina and E. weybridgensis was extended and the total number of oocysts produced by all species except E. ninakohlyakimovae was increased. Clinical symptoms were observed only in lambs which received E. ninakohlyakimovae.
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