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Biomedical subjects

J Colin

Publications and source records attributed to J Colin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Clear lensectomy and implantation of a low-power posterior chamber intraocular lens for correction of high myopia: a four-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the 4-year postoperative outcomes of patients who are highly myopic who underwent clear lensectomy via phacoemulsification and low power posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: The authors performed surgery in 52 eyes of 30 patients in which prophylactic retinal treatment, clear lensectomy, and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were used to treat high myopia of 12 diopters (D) or greater. A total of 49 eyes of 28 patients were evaluated at the 4-year postoperative timeframe. Visual acuity, complications, and refractive stability were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of retinal detachment through 4 years was 1.9%. No new macular complications were observed. Two patients had posterior vitreous detachment without clinical impact between 1 and 4 years after surgery. The incidence of neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy was 36.7%. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.92 D. Four patients had a myopic shift of 0.50 D to 1.00 D from the 1- to 4-year timeframe. Corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 82% of eyes that had undergone Nd:YAG capsulotomy versus 56% of untreated eyes. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/100 or better was achieved in 82% of eyes treated with the Nd:YAG laser versus 62% of untreated eyes. CONCLUSION: Visual acuity and refractive outcomes with clear lensectomy are favorable. Retinal detachment remains the major concern of this procedure. Continuous follow-up of these patients is necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Keratoconus, changes in corneal topography and allergy. Study of 3 groups of patients].

PURPOSE: To study the relation between keratoconus and atopy based on allergic prick tests, and the association of infraclinical keratoconus with atopy compared to "normal eyes". Simultaneously corneal topographic modifications have been researched to patients presenting an ocular atopy versus normal patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A videokeratoscope has been used for the selection of 22 keratoconic patients, 17 infraclinical keratoconic subjects and 22 patients with no ocular abnormality. Incidence of allergic phenomenon was assessed with two tests (Prick test, lacrymal total IgE dose). The videokeratoscopy was also performed in the research of corneal modifications in a group of 45 patients with an ocular atopy. RESULTS: The results of allergologic tests (positives Prick tests) showed a statistical significant difference between the keratoconus group (63.6%) and respectively the infraclinical keratoconus group (23.5%) and the normal eyes group (22.7%). No videotopographic picture of keratoconus and infraclinical keratoconus has been noted in patients with ocular atopy. CONCLUSION: Keratoconus is related to allergy. In this study, no association of allergy with infraclinical keratoconus was found. Further more, no videotopographic changes was observed in ocular allergic cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel (Virgan; 0.15%) in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis.

PURPOSE: Ganciclovir is a broad-spectrum virustatic agent. Its efficacy and safety after ocular application have been demonstrated in studies of herpetic keratitis in rabbits. Two strengths of ganciclovir gel (0.05 and 0.15%) were compared with 3% acyclovir ointment in the treatment of superficial herpes simplex keratitis in humans. METHODS: Two multicenter randomized clinical trials were carried out in Africa (Trial 1) and Europe (Trial 2). Sixty-seven patients (Trial 1) and 37 patients (Trial 2) from herpetic ulceration were recruited. RESULTS: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups, although the healing rates tended to be better in the group receiving 0.15% ganciclovir gel, with healing rates of 85% (Trial 1) and 83% (Trial 2) as compared with 72% (Trial 1) and 71% (Trial 2) in the group receiving acyclovir ointment. Local tolerance was found to be superior with the gel formulation of ganciclovir with fewer complaints of discomfort (stinging, burning) or blurred vision after application of the drug. Systemic absorption of the drug was low. No hematologic changes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the efficacy of ganciclovir gel in the treatment of ulcerative herpes simplex keratitis and demonstrate its superior local tolerance when compared with acyclovir ointment.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1996

Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to correct astigmatism.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct astigmatism. SETTING: Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France. METHODS: A 193 nm excimer laser was used to perform toric ablation with an expanding slit to flatten the cornea in the steeper meridian and/or to correct myopia with an iris diaphragm in 72 eyes (55 patients): 68 eyes for compound myopic astigmatism and 4 for astigmatism only. RESULTS: Preoperative cylinder was -2.14 diopters (D) +/- 1.99 (SD) (range -0.50 to -5.50 D); 6 months postoperatively, it was -1.75 +/- 1.34 D (range -0.25 to -5.25 D). Preoperative spherical equivalent was -5.33 +/- 3.22 D (range -0.25 to -14.50 D); 6 months postoperatively, it was -0.86 +/- 2.32 D (range 2.50 to -9.75 D). The axial error was within 30 degrees. Uncorrected visual acuity was 0.50 or better in 64.5% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Overall patient satisfaction seemed the result of the myopic correction; cylindrical correction was incomplete. Future software refinements should improve the results. In particular, single elliptical ablation seems to offer theoretical advantages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical results of implanting a silicone haptic-anchor-plate intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the silicone haptic-anchor-plate mini-loop lens retains the advantages of plate and loop lenses, eliminating the risk of vitreous dislocation. SETTING: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Service Daviel (Ophthalmologie), Hospital Augustin Morvin, Brest, France. METHODS: In a prospective study, the haptic-anchor-plate lens was implanted in the bag of 125 eyes after phacoemulsification. Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity and induced astigmatism were measured. After fibrosis, the eyes were examined for lens position, fibrosis around the mini-loops, anterior/posterior dislocation within the bag, and decentration. RESULTS: In all eyes, the lens was well centered and located in the posterior part of the capsular bag; the bag was fibrosed around the mini-loops. There were no cases of retinal detachment or cystoid macular edema. Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy was performed in four eyes without dislocating the lens. Corrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better. CONCLUSION: The silicone haptic-anchor-plate lens appeared to preserve the advantages of plate and loop lenses; i.e., stabilization of the vitreous, low rates of cystoid macular edema and posterior capsulotomy, and fixation in the capsular bag.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Myopic photorefractive keratectomy in eyes with atypical inferior corneal steepening.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual and refractive results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in eyes with atypical inferior corneal steepening (AICS). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Morvan, University of Breast, France. METHODS: Using videokeratopography, we screened 310 eyes that had PRK from November 1992 through November 1993 and found that 35 eyes exhibited topographic patterns consistent with AICS with no clinical findings. The results at 6 months and 1 year were compared with those of 185 eyes with normal topography treated concurrently. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in mean spherical equivalent, mean uncorrected visual acuity, and mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity 6 months and 1 year after PRK. CONCLUSION: After 1 year, PRK in eyes with AICS appeared to give results similar to those in eyes with normal topography. Further follow-up is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Value of PMMA intracapsular rings during cataract surgery].

During cataract surgery, the stability of the capsular bag represents an important factor in the procedure and in the postoperative outcome. When this stability is poor in case of dialysis or phacodonesis, the use of an intracapsular PMMA ring may help in preventing possible complications.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1995

Toxicity evaluations of wastewaters in Austria with conventional and cost-effective bioassays.

The acute toxicity of 42 samples of different types of domestic and industrial discharges was assessed with a battery of tests comprising the standard Daphnia magna bioassay and three cost-effective new microbiotests (cyst-based Toxkits): the Rotoxkit F with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the Streptoxkit F and Thamnotoxkit F tests with the freshwater fairy shrimps Streptocephalus proboscideus and Thamnocephalus platyurus, respectively. Chemical analyses were performed for conventional water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), NO2, NH3, NH4+, O2, and pH. Toxicity of the samples, expressed as German regulatory G-values, was found to vary between 1 and 128. The results of these toxicity tests indicate that the Toxkit bioassays were as sensitive as the D. magna acute test. The crustacean T. platyurus was in 75% of the toxic samples more sensitive than D. magna. Relationships between the chemical composition and the toxicity of the discharges could be established in some cases, but not in others, which confirms the difficulties of extrapolating toxic hazards of complex wastes from (mostly restricted) chemical analyses. This study demonstrates the potential of cost-effective bioassays (such as, e.g., cyst-based Toxkits) as attractive alternatives to (expensive) conventional bioassays for routine monitoring of effluents and wastes.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Comparative clinical trial of AMO Vitrax and Healon use in extracapsular cataract extraction.

This randomized, single-masked, multicenter clinical trial, comprising 95 patients enrolled at five sites, evaluated the performance of AMO Vitrax and Healon viscoelastic materials during cataract surgery. Patients were examined preoperatively and at one day, four days, one month, and three months postoperatively. The following measurements were recorded and analyzed: percentage of endothelial cell loss from preoperative to three months postoperative; change in intraocular pressure (IOP) from preoperative to 24 hours postoperatively; postoperative corrected visual acuity; subjective assessment of ability of viscoelastic to create and maintain tissue space; intraocular transparency; ease of evacuation. Three months postoperatively, endothelial cell loss was 4.9% (+/- 8.3%) for the AMO Vitrax group and 6.3% (+/- 10.5%) for the Healon group. One day postoperatively, IOP decreased by 1.6 mm Hg and increased by +1.1 mm Hg, respectively. Postoperative visual acuities were similar between the two groups at three months. Subjective assessment of transparency was higher for Healon. Assessment of tissue space maintenance was similar between the two materials. Healon was rated as slightly easier to evacuate.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Clinical results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy: a multicenter study of 265 eyes.

Efficacy, predictability, and safety of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy were evaluated at centers in Paris and Brest, France. Photoablation was performed with the VISX laser on 265 eyes (151 at the Paris center and 114 at the Brest center). The eyes were clinically and statistically evaluated over a six month follow-up. Initial myopia ranged from -0.7 to -19.4 diopters (D) (mean spherical equivalent [SE] -5.9 D) in the Paris center and from -0.9 to -14.5 D (SE -4.5 D) in the Brest center. At both centers, the mean uncorrected visual acuity was worse than 20/200; over 90% of cases in each center had a best uncorrected visual acuity of 20/100 or worse. Results are reported globally and for subgroups of myopia: Group A, SE better than or equal to -3.0 D; Group B, SE worse than -3.0 D and better than or equal to -7.0 D; Group C, SE worse than -7.0 D. Uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved in the patients followed for six months; 64% of Paris cases and 62% of Brest cases obtained an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Predictability of the treatment was good; 67% of Paris eyes and 74% of Brest eyes were less than 1.0 D from the intended correction after six months. The data suggest that the initial myopia affected the efficacy and predictability of the treatment; results in the mild to moderate myopia eyes were significantly better than results in the severe myopia eyes. One case of visual acuity regression (less than one line) was observed in the two groups. This was associated with corneal haze of moderate intensity.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial keratitis therapy in guinea pigs with lomefloxacin by initially high-followed by low-dosage regimen.

Lomefloxacin is known to have an excellent corneal penetration. The therapeutic effect of two specific treatment regimens with lomefloxacin 0.3% eye drops was studied in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis model in guinea pigs. An initial loading dose of 1 drop every 5 min for 5 times was used in all groups. Its purpose was to obtain high bactericidal corneal levels in the two actively treated groups. The follow-up treatment for 7 days was by a twice daily regimen in one group and 3 times daily in the other treated group. There were two control groups - one with no treatment and the other with vehicle treatment (initial loading dose followed by twice daily regimen). Clinical signs of cornea, conjunctiva and eye adnexae improved significantly within 2 days in both lomefloxacin regimens, whereas clinical signs deteriorated with vehicle treatment. Fifty percent of the animals treated with lomefloxacin showed no colonies in the swab culture after 2 days of therapy, while all vehicle-treated animals were positive even at day 6, with 5 out of 9 animals continuing to be positive at day 8. Pseudomonas in the range of 100-2,300 colonies was isolated from the grounded and cultured cornea at the end of the study in 4 out of 9 vehicle-treated animals but in none of the lomefloxacin-treated guinea pigs. The biggest difference in the degree of secondary inflammation between lomefloxacin and vehicle-treated groups was observed in the cornea which was the target tissue of infection. An unexpected observation was the lower degree of corneal inflammation in the twice daily treated animals when compared to the 3 times daily treatment group. This finding may be due to the somewhat lower initial degree of corneal inflammation in this group and suggests that the course of corneal recovery is predominately dependent on the initial degree of infection with both dosage regimens of lomefloxacin capable of eradicating corneal organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative prospective study of effects of Biovisc and Healonid on endothelial cell loss and intraocular pressure in cataract surgery].

PURPOSE: The goal of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy (protective action on corneal endothelium and ability to facilitate the procedure) as well as safety (effect on intraocular pressure and inflammation) of Biovisc (new viscoelastic agent made of 1% sodium hyaluronate produced by bacterial fermentation) versus Healonid) postcataract surgery (manual or phacoemulsification). METHODS: 106 patients, 45 males and 61 females (31-94 years) were included in this prospective randomized multicentre trial and followed up for three months. Specular microscopy and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement were the main evaluation criteria. RESULTS: At D 90, no significant difference was observed between the two viscoelastic agents on the mean endothelial cell loss (group Viovis: -8.6%; group Healonid: -6%) as well as on IOP (early peaks were transitory and resolutive). CONCLUSION: Biovisc and Healonid were similar in terms of efficacy and tolerance.

Adult↗