[Cataract and corneal endothelium].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
J Colin
Publications and source records attributed to J Colin.
[Value of PMMA intracapsular rings during cataract surgery].
During cataract surgery, the stability of the capsular bag represents an important factor in the procedure and in the postoperative outcome. When this stability is poor in case of dialysis or phacodonesis, the use of an intracapsular PMMA ring may help in preventing possible complications.
Cataract Extraction↗
Toxicity evaluations of wastewaters in Austria with conventional and cost-effective bioassays.
The acute toxicity of 42 samples of different types of domestic and industrial discharges was assessed with a battery of tests comprising the standard Daphnia magna bioassay and three cost-effective new microbiotests (cyst-based Toxkits): the Rotoxkit F with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and the Streptoxkit F and Thamnotoxkit F tests with the freshwater fairy shrimps Streptocephalus proboscideus and Thamnocephalus platyurus, respectively. Chemical analyses were performed for conventional water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), NO2, NH3, NH4+, O2, and pH. Toxicity of the samples, expressed as German regulatory G-values, was found to vary between 1 and 128. The results of these toxicity tests indicate that the Toxkit bioassays were as sensitive as the D. magna acute test. The crustacean T. platyurus was in 75% of the toxic samples more sensitive than D. magna. Relationships between the chemical composition and the toxicity of the discharges could be established in some cases, but not in others, which confirms the difficulties of extrapolating toxic hazards of complex wastes from (mostly restricted) chemical analyses. This study demonstrates the potential of cost-effective bioassays (such as, e.g., cyst-based Toxkits) as attractive alternatives to (expensive) conventional bioassays for routine monitoring of effluents and wastes.
Animals↗
Comparative clinical trial of AMO Vitrax and Healon use in extracapsular cataract extraction.
This randomized, single-masked, multicenter clinical trial, comprising 95 patients enrolled at five sites, evaluated the performance of AMO Vitrax and Healon viscoelastic materials during cataract surgery. Patients were examined preoperatively and at one day, four days, one month, and three months postoperatively. The following measurements were recorded and analyzed: percentage of endothelial cell loss from preoperative to three months postoperative; change in intraocular pressure (IOP) from preoperative to 24 hours postoperatively; postoperative corrected visual acuity; subjective assessment of ability of viscoelastic to create and maintain tissue space; intraocular transparency; ease of evacuation. Three months postoperatively, endothelial cell loss was 4.9% (+/- 8.3%) for the AMO Vitrax group and 6.3% (+/- 10.5%) for the Healon group. One day postoperatively, IOP decreased by 1.6 mm Hg and increased by +1.1 mm Hg, respectively. Postoperative visual acuities were similar between the two groups at three months. Subjective assessment of transparency was higher for Healon. Assessment of tissue space maintenance was similar between the two materials. Healon was rated as slightly easier to evacuate.
Aged↗
Clinical results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy: a multicenter study of 265 eyes.
Efficacy, predictability, and safety of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy were evaluated at centers in Paris and Brest, France. Photoablation was performed with the VISX laser on 265 eyes (151 at the Paris center and 114 at the Brest center). The eyes were clinically and statistically evaluated over a six month follow-up. Initial myopia ranged from -0.7 to -19.4 diopters (D) (mean spherical equivalent [SE] -5.9 D) in the Paris center and from -0.9 to -14.5 D (SE -4.5 D) in the Brest center. At both centers, the mean uncorrected visual acuity was worse than 20/200; over 90% of cases in each center had a best uncorrected visual acuity of 20/100 or worse. Results are reported globally and for subgroups of myopia: Group A, SE better than or equal to -3.0 D; Group B, SE worse than -3.0 D and better than or equal to -7.0 D; Group C, SE worse than -7.0 D. Uncorrected visual acuity was significantly improved in the patients followed for six months; 64% of Paris cases and 62% of Brest cases obtained an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Predictability of the treatment was good; 67% of Paris eyes and 74% of Brest eyes were less than 1.0 D from the intended correction after six months. The data suggest that the initial myopia affected the efficacy and predictability of the treatment; results in the mild to moderate myopia eyes were significantly better than results in the severe myopia eyes. One case of visual acuity regression (less than one line) was observed in the two groups. This was associated with corneal haze of moderate intensity.
Adult↗
Bacterial keratitis therapy in guinea pigs with lomefloxacin by initially high-followed by low-dosage regimen.
Lomefloxacin is known to have an excellent corneal penetration. The therapeutic effect of two specific treatment regimens with lomefloxacin 0.3% eye drops was studied in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis model in guinea pigs. An initial loading dose of 1 drop every 5 min for 5 times was used in all groups. Its purpose was to obtain high bactericidal corneal levels in the two actively treated groups. The follow-up treatment for 7 days was by a twice daily regimen in one group and 3 times daily in the other treated group. There were two control groups - one with no treatment and the other with vehicle treatment (initial loading dose followed by twice daily regimen). Clinical signs of cornea, conjunctiva and eye adnexae improved significantly within 2 days in both lomefloxacin regimens, whereas clinical signs deteriorated with vehicle treatment. Fifty percent of the animals treated with lomefloxacin showed no colonies in the swab culture after 2 days of therapy, while all vehicle-treated animals were positive even at day 6, with 5 out of 9 animals continuing to be positive at day 8. Pseudomonas in the range of 100-2,300 colonies was isolated from the grounded and cultured cornea at the end of the study in 4 out of 9 vehicle-treated animals but in none of the lomefloxacin-treated guinea pigs. The biggest difference in the degree of secondary inflammation between lomefloxacin and vehicle-treated groups was observed in the cornea which was the target tissue of infection. An unexpected observation was the lower degree of corneal inflammation in the twice daily treated animals when compared to the 3 times daily treatment group. This finding may be due to the somewhat lower initial degree of corneal inflammation in this group and suggests that the course of corneal recovery is predominately dependent on the initial degree of infection with both dosage regimens of lomefloxacin capable of eradicating corneal organisms.
Animals↗
[Comparative prospective study of effects of Biovisc and Healonid on endothelial cell loss and intraocular pressure in cataract surgery].
PURPOSE: The goal of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy (protective action on corneal endothelium and ability to facilitate the procedure) as well as safety (effect on intraocular pressure and inflammation) of Biovisc (new viscoelastic agent made of 1% sodium hyaluronate produced by bacterial fermentation) versus Healonid) postcataract surgery (manual or phacoemulsification). METHODS: 106 patients, 45 males and 61 females (31-94 years) were included in this prospective randomized multicentre trial and followed up for three months. Specular microscopy and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement were the main evaluation criteria. RESULTS: At D 90, no significant difference was observed between the two viscoelastic agents on the mean endothelial cell loss (group Viovis: -8.6%; group Healonid: -6%) as well as on IOP (early peaks were transitory and resolutive). CONCLUSION: Biovisc and Healonid were similar in terms of efficacy and tolerance.
Adult↗
[Who are candidates for Excimer laser surgery?].
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Adult↗
[Value of serodiagnosis of Lyme disease in the evaluation of uveitis].
PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess results of Lyme serology among all the specific tests routinely performed for exploring uveitis. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients examined for uveitis had a serological diagnosis of Lyme's disease with haemagglutination test and ELISA IgG test. This group included 34 patients with unclassified uveitis. Thirty-seven healty individuals served as control subjects. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the three groups in terms of positive serological diagnosis occurrence: control subjects (13.5%), patients with classified uveitis (12.1%) and patients with unclassified uveitis (11.8%). CONCLUSION: It appears to be more adequate to reserve this serological test for Lyme's disease for patients who have a suggestive history or additional symptoms.
Adult↗
Identification of the T cell antigen receptor V beta gene products in labial salivary glands from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
T lymphocytes are predominantly involved in the development of Sjögren's syndrome. Their repertoire has recently been claimed to be restricted. Analysis of T cell receptor V beta gene products within the labial salivary glands led us to identify V beta 2 and V beta 8. This study, using a new panel of anti-V beta product monoclonal antibodies and a tissue triple-staining technique, examined the distribution of V beta gene family products in activated as well as non-activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells subsets in the salivary gland tissue of SS patients. Our results suggest that the V beta genes used by the T CD4+ or T CD8+ cells in situ are similar, irrespective of the activation status of these cells. T lymphocytes homing into exocrine tissues might thus be selected on the basis of their V beta repertoire rather than their activation state.
Adult↗
[Neuropapillitis in Behçet disease. A case].
The authors report the case of a 34 year old woman, who developed acute neuropapillitis, which appeared to be the first ophthalmologic manifestation of Behçet's disease. One year later, this patient recurred with another neuro-ophthalmologic sign: a sixth nerve palsy.
Abducens Nerve↗
[Intrastromal thermokeratoplasty for correction of spherical hyperopia: a 1-year prospective study].
Thermokeratoplasty (TKP) is a new procedure for surgical correction of hyperopia. It uses controlled thermal burns of the peripheral cornea with a retractable cautery probe tip in a radial pattern up to a premarked optical central zone. The thermal effect shrinks the peripheral cornea and steepens the central cornea. In this report, we prospectively evaluated for one year, anatomical, functional and refractive results of a group of 18 eyes treated with TKP (14 patients). Mean preoperative spherical equivalent of +3.62 diopters (D) was +1.85 D at 12 months resulting in a mean refractive variation of -1.76 D. The refractive effect was significant at the first postoperative month, and subsequently regressed so that the average refractive correction was 55% at one year. We did not observe any severe anatomical or functional complications during the follow up period. Regression of the refractive effect after TKP seems to be related to the remodeling response of corneal stroma surrounding points of coagulation. Like other current techniques of surgical correction of hyperopia (hexagonal keratotomy, TKP using Holmium-YAG laser, Excimer laser), TKP is a procedure for which optical results at one year show poor predictability and stability. We suggest that adjustments to the surgical prediction software and long term studies would allow to improve our results.
Adult↗
[Current medical treatment of dry eye].
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Dry Eye Syndromes↗
Clear lensectomy and implantation of low-power posterior chamber intraocular lens for the correction of high myopia.
BACKGROUND: Although a variety of surgical procedures to treat high myopia have been studied, no consensus exists on the optimum procedure. Clear lensectomy with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens has been regarded as risky, due to the higher incidence of retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: The authors performed surgery and evaluation over 1 year in 52 eyes in which prophylactic retinal treatment, clear lensectomy, and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were used to treat high myopia of 12 diopters (D) or greater. RESULTS: Before lens extraction, 31 eyes underwent argon laser photocoagulation. Over the 1-year period, three additional eyes were treated, and six eyes that had been treated preoperatively received additional treatment. No cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, or persistent corneal edema was observed in this series. At 1 year, 88.5% of the group achieved corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, compared with 75% preoperatively. Uncorrected visual acuity of 20/100 or better was achieved by 84.6% of the group. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.86 +/- 0.84 D. CONCLUSION: The refractive objectives were achieved. Complications reported previously with clear lensectomy were not experienced in this group. The low incidence of complications can be attributed to the short follow-up and probably in part to the prophylactic retinal treatment, combined with the phacoemulsification procedure for lens extraction. Longer follow-up is needed to fully assess the complications. Properly randomized prospective clinical trials will be able to fully assess the benefits and risks of prophylactic retinal treatment and clear lens extraction with posterior intraocular lens implantation. This series can help in evaluating this surgical procedure.
Adult↗
[Keratoconus and familial topographic corneal anomalies].
PURPOSE: Computer-assisted corneal topography, allows the detection of early abnormalities, including abortive or subclinical forms of keratoconus. So, it is possible to identify affected individuals with variable degrees, in family members of patients with keratoconus, to draw pedigrees, and to specify the mode of inheritance. METHODS: Computer-assisted digital videophotokeratoscope was used to map the corneas of 106 family members of 30 patients with keratoconus. RESULTS: Abnormalities observed included the inferior cornea markedly steeper than the superior cornea (I-S - 0.86 +/- 0.44 D) and a marked difference between the central corneal powers of the two eyes (delta PC = 0.72 +/- 0.22 D). However, there was no statistical difference with normal individuals for central corneal power. CONCLUSION: Pedigree analysis in these families suggests, in 50% of them, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. However, it is impossible to conclude for the other families, because of an insufficient number of cases.
Adult↗
[Treatment by refractive photokeratectomy of undercorrections after radial keratotomy].
UNLABELLED: Residual myopia after radial keratotomy is one of the major problems of this technique, it may be corrected with laser keratectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present the results of nine eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy, due to undercorrection after radial keratotomy. The photoablation was performed with the laser VISX 20/20, wavelength 193 mm, and concerned a residual spherical equivalent myopia (after RK) with an average of -2.00 diopters and a range of 0.87 to -3.75 D. RESULTS: Six months postoperatively, the average spherical equivalent refraction was no greater than -0.75 D and a range of -0.25 D to -2.12 D; 66.7% were within +/- 0.5 D of emmetropia, with a uncorrected visual acuity > 10/20. The best corrected visual acuity remained nearly the same. Postoperatively functional symptomatology and healing processus are comparable to the first intention of photoablation. CONCLUSION: The safety and effectiveness of laser Excimer photoablation seem to be demonstrated and this procedure could be used to complement RK.
Adult↗
[Exfoliative syndrome and phacoemulsification].
PURPOSE: Exfoliation syndrome (ES) is often considered as a poor indication for phacoemulsification because of zonular weakness, capsular weakness and poor pupil dilatation. METHODS: We evaluated from January 1992 to December 1992 a series of 107 consecutive eyes with ES and undergoing cataract surgery or combined cataract-glaucoma surgery. The pupil was surgically enlarged if the diameter was < or = 5 mm. RESULTS: During surgery, only one case of zonular dialysis without vitreous loss was observed. The incidence of postoperative complications was low (6 hyphemas and 8 inflammatory reactions) and visual results were satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification can be used routinely in eyes with ES if a careful peroperative protocol is followed: pupillary dilatation, wide capsulorhexis, total nucleus hydrodisection.
Aged↗
[Exfoliative syndrome].
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Exfoliation Syndrome↗