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Biomedical subjects

J Croize

Publications and source records attributed to J Croize.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Osteoarticular infections in newborn infants].

The authors report 13 cases of osteoarticular infection observed during the first month of life. The origin was iatrogenic in 7 cases. The diagnosis was based on local inflammatory signs and standard X-ray. The joints most often affected were the hip (8 out of 19 localizations) and the ankle (5/19). The causative bacteria was mostly isolated from blood culture (10/13 cases) and was staphylococcus aureus in 11 cases. Treatment included prolonged antibiotic-therapy for 1-4 months, plus evacuation by joint punctures and immobilization of the affected limb with a plaster or traction. Functional sequellae were observed in 3 children and essentially concerned the hip.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Human salmonellosis and turtles in France].

Two immunosuppressed children were infected with Salmonella, due to turtles living in water. So we investigated the carriage of Salmonella among those animals. Among the 95 investigated animals, 10 were carrying Salmonella (Arizonae, Rissen, Pomona and Blockley). The water of 6 containers out of 20 contained Salmonella. Comparing our data to others in the litterature, we conclude that human salmonellosis, acquired from turtles are not, by now, a major problem in France. Nevertheless, a number of those animals are carrying Salmonella. So an epidemiological survey is necessary, and immunosuppressed patients should avoid contact with those animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Peripheral venous catheterization: influence of catheter composition on the occurrence of thrombophlebitis].

Infusion thrombophlebitis is a common troublesome complication of intravenous therapy. This study compared peripheral intravenous Teflon and Vialon catheters. The incidence of phlebitis, bacterial adherence and mechanical resistance (distortion) were assessed on 170 catheters, 85 of each type. The Vialon catheter resulted in less phlebitis than the Teflon one (18 vs. 35; p less than 0.01). During the period 49 to 72 h after the insertion of the catheter, the risk of phlebitis in the Teflon group was twice that in the Vialon group. The study of bacterial adherence using a semi-quantitative culture method demonstrated that 9.0% of the catheters were infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (5.7% Vialon group vs. 12.5% Teflon group). The Teflon catheters were much more distorted than vialon catheters: 1.7% vs. 55.7% in the macroscopic study; 1.75% vs. 8.2% in the microscopic study. As Vialon softens at body temperature, it would seem likely that it generates a lesser degree of endothelial injury, explaining the lower rate of phlebitis with Vialon catheters.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro effect of various antibiotics: beta lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones alone and in combination against P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with mucoviscidosis].

The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) combined with beta lactams (ceftazidime and imipenem) or aminoglycosides (tobramycin and amikacin) against 22 P. aeruginosa isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis was determined by the checkerboard method and compared with the combination of beta lactams (with ticarcillin) with aminoglycosides. Synergistic association (defined as FIC index less than ou = 0.5) was founded for 23 to 41% of strains with beta lactams (except imipenem)/aminoglycosides, in 18% with ceftazidime/ciprofloxacin, in 13% with imipenem/ciprofloxacin, in 0 or 13% with quinolones/aminoglycosides. For a FIC index less than ou = 0.75, the values are highest with 82% for ciprofloxacin/ceftazidime and 50% for ofloxacin/ceftazidime. The CMI's achieved in these combinations may allowed concentrations near to sputum concentrations.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1989

[Campylobacter pylori: diagnostic value of the urease test during endoscopy].

The aims of this prospective study were a) to evaluate the diagnostic value of the urease test for the detection of C. pylori in gastric biopsy specimens, b) to specify the prevalence of C. pylori in a sample of 74 patients from the Grenoble area undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, c) to analyze the density of bacteria according to the biopsy site (antrum, body, edges of ulcer), d) to demonstrate any possible correlation between the histologic state of the antral and body mucosa and the presence of C. pylori. An antral biopsy was taken for the urease test during endoscopy. Biopsies were also taken from the body, the antrum and the edges of gastric or duodenal ulcers for bacterial and histologic studies, and urease test in the bacterial laboratory. The sensitivity and the specificity of the urease test during endoscopy varied according to the delay in observation of the color change. They were 0.81 and 0.84, respectively, at 2 h 30. The sensitivity and specificity of the urease test in the bacterial laboratory were 0.67 and 0.95, respectively, for the same delay. The global prevalence of C. pylori was 51 p. 100: it was 42 p. 100 in the absence of ulcer, 67 p. 100 in the presence of gastric ulcer, and 71 p. 100 in the presence of duodenal ulcer (p less than 0.05 compared to the group without ulcer).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Comparative in vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 5 macrolides: roxithromycin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, josamycin and spiramycin against 284 hospital bacterial strains].

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of five macrolides (roxithromycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin, josamycin and spiramycin) were tested against 284 bacterial strains belonging to various species of Gram positive (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, Listeria sp, Corynebacterium sp, Bacillus sp) and Gram negative bacteria (Neisseria sp, H. influenzae, P. multocida). The activity of these compounds on the whole strains showed near results: 71.8% of susceptible strains to erythromycin and spiramycin, 70% to josamycin, 67.6% to roxithromycin, 65.5% to troleandomycin. Resisting strains were MLSB resistant cocci Gram positive, H. influenzae and P. multocida strains. Species usually less studied (nongroupable streptococci, Corynebacterium sp, Bacillus sp) were very susceptible to macrolides with MICS equal or inferior to 1 mg/l for the two last genus. A bactericidal effect was observed for 38.8% of 72 tested strains (erythromycin), 36.1% (josamycin), 34.7% (spiramycin), 31.9% (roxithromycin), 20.8% (troleandomycin). Among various tested species, this bactericidal effect concerned especially group A streptococci, N. meningitidis and Corynebacterium (except D2 and JK species).

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1988

[A case of pleuropneumopathy due to Eikenella corrodens].

We report the observation of a pleuropneumonia due to Eikenella corrodens in a man of 39 years old suffering from diffuse dilatation of the bronchi. This small micro-aerophilic Gram negative bacillus has rarely been implicated as a cause of pneumonia. It appears that it may often be associated with streptococcal infections and that it becomes a pathogen when the immunity is lowered. Its sensitivity to antibiotics is excellent, particularly vis-à-vis bêta-lactams.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpirome in combination with 4 aminoglycosides and 2 fluoroquinolones].

Combinations of cefpirome with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin) and of cefpirome with fluorinated quinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin) were tested against 20 Enterobacteriaceae, 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 6 group D Streptococci and 6 Staphylococcus aureus strains, susceptible, intermediate or resistant with a low level to these different compounds. Activity of combinations was evaluated using a broth microdilution checkerboard method and FIC indices determination. Combinations of cefpirome with aminoglycosides demonstrated a synergistic effect in 79.5% of cases, but a strong synergy (FIC less than or equal to 0.62) was observed in only 46% of cases. The higher rate of strong synergy concerned Enterobacteriaceae (50% of cases) and group D Streptococci (58.3%). Combination of cefpirome with gentamicin was the most active against Enterobacteriaceae and with a lower degree against P. aeruginosa, A. calcoaceticus and S. aureus. Combination of cefpirome with netilmicin was the best association against group D Streptococci. Combinations of cefpirome with fluorinated quinolones demonstrated frequently and additive (40.9%) or indifferent (36.3%) effect. When a synergistic effect was proved, it was always weak (FIC = 0.75). Combinations of two fluorinated quinolones with cefpirome gave similar results. No combination was antagonist. This study is a primary estimation of activity of cefpirome combined with other agents. It will be necessary to confirm these results against strains resistant with high level, especially against cefpirome, strains not discovered in clinical isolates at present.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative antibacterial activity of a new monobactam, carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) on hospital bacteria resistant to beta lactams].

In vitro activity of a new monobactam, carumonam (RO 17-2301, AMA 1080) was tested against 370 hospital bacterial isolates. Results were compared to aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefmenoxime, latamoxef, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, pefloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae, to aztreonam, piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, imipenem and pefloxacin against P. aeruginosa. All Enterobacteriaceae strains produced cephalosporinases and all P. aeruginosa strains were ticarcillin resistant. MIC 90% of carumonam against Enterobacteriaceae strains was lower than 0.25 mg/l for P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris, P. stuartii, Salmonella sp., ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/l for Klebsiella sp. and S. marcescens, from 1 to 2 mg/l for E. coli and P. morganii, and from 4 to 8 mg/l for C. freundii and E. cloacae. The rate of strains inhibited with 4 mg/l of carumonam was 95.3%. So carumonam was at the second place from eight tested products, after latamoxef (97.5% of susceptible strains). Carumonam was active against second generation cephalosporins resistant strains when these strains were susceptible or intermediate to cefotaxime. Strains resistant to this compound escaped to its action. Its activity against A. calcoaceticus was weak (22.6% of strains inhibited by 4 mg/l), but was superior to that of cefsulodin against ticarcillin resistant P. aeruginosa strains (54.5 versus 16.1% of susceptible strains). However carumonam was less active against this last species than ceftazidime or imipenem (92.6 and 91% of susceptible strains respectively).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Identification of gram-negative aerobic and non-fastidious aero-anaerobic bacilli using the ATB 32 GN system].

ATB 32 GN was tested with 279 gram negative non fastidious rods = 188 Enterobacteriaceae and 91 non-enterobacteriaceae. This micro-method included 32 carbon substrate's assimilation tests, read and interpreted automatically after incubation for one or two days at 30 degrees C. 93.5 p. cent of all bacteria are correctly identified (92.5 p. cent of Enterobacteriaceae and 95.6 p. cent of non enteric rods). 2.6 p. cent are misidentified and 3.9 p. cent are unidentified. The results these strains are analysed. This novel system of identification was possible utilised in a medical analysis laboratory.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1986

Diffusion of ofloxacin into the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bacterial meningitis.

Ofloxacin diffusion into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in nine patients with bacterial meningitis. Patients were under treatment with i.v. amoxicillin (100 mg/kg/day), and during the first five days they were also given oral ofloxacin, 200 mg b.i.d. On days 2 and 5, blood and CSF samples were collected for assays by both HPLC and microbiological techniques. Samples were obtained 2 h (n = 2), 4 h (n = 1), 6 h (n = 2), 8 h (n = 2) and 12 h (n = 2) after the ofloxacin dose respectively. Concentration in CSF was 50 to 60% of that in serum and there was no significant difference between results with the two assay techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Cefotetan: clinical trial in elderly persons using a single daily dose of 2 grams as the sole therapy].

Effectiveness of cefotetan, a new generation semisynthetic cephamycin, was studied in a clinical trial in elderly patients. Cefotetan was used as single drug therapy. A single daily injection of 2 g was given to each of 33 elderly subjects (mean age 70.2 years, range 69-92 years). The infections were severe: pneumonia in 13 cases, septicemia in 12, upper urinary tract infections in 3 and miscellaneous infections in the remaining cases. The regimen used proved clinically effective (93% successes) and achieved residual serum levels greater than the MICs of all the Gram negative bacteria and most of the Gram positive cocci isolated. In addition to being efficient, the single daily injection regimen causes minimal damage to peripheral veins, provides optimal comfort to the patient, and saves both material and time.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of moderate or severe infections using imipenem/cilastatin. 41 cases based on a multicenter protocol].

Imipenem and cilastatin in combination have a broad spectrum in vitro with a strong killing activity on most bacteria. Using a multicenter study design, we investigated 41 patients with moderate or severe infections: septicemia in 18 cases (Gram negative rods in 10, Gram positive cocci in 7 and combination of both in 1), pneumonia in 7, osteitis in 4, soft tissue infection in 7, infection of the genitourinary tract in 6 and miscellaneous infections in the remaining cases (1 abscess of the pancreas, 1 typhoid fever, 1 presumptive endocarditis). All of the bacteria were susceptible to imipenem/cilastatin: MICs ranged from 0.02 to 0.8 mg/l and MBCs from 0.015 to more than 10 mg/l. All patients except one recovered or improved under imipenem/cilastatin. The patient who failed to respond had septicemia due to a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a MBC and MIC above 10 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. Tolerance was outstanding: only 4 patients had adverse effects requiring withdrawal of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of neurosurgical bacterial meningitis using the combination of ceftriaxone-fosfomycin].

16 patients with bacterial meningitis following a neurosurgical procedure were given a combination of ceftriaxone and fosfomycin. 8 microorganism were isolated: 2 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Neisseria meningitidis, 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1 Haemophilus influenzae, 1 Serratia marcescens and 1 Aeromonas hydrophila. No pathogen was identified in the remaining cases. All of the isolated strains were susceptible to both antibiotics. In vitro, neither synergy nor antagonism were observed between the two antimicrobial agents. The acute infectious episode resolved in all patients. One relapse only was observed, in a patient with meningitis related to a ventricular shunt, and successfully treated by the same therapeutic schedule associated with removal of the tubing. Lastly, CSF concentrations of both antibiotics were assayed and found to be comparable with those reported by most author.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Treatment of typhoid fever using ofloxacin. Clinical experience and determination of antibiotic diffusion into the mesenteric lymph nodes].

Nine patients with typhoid fever were given ofloxacin in a daily dosage of 400 mg for ten days. All patients recovered with no relapses. No case of Salmonella typhi carriage was recorded. Diffusion of ofloxacin into mesenteric lymph nodes was studied in four patients. Mean concentration was 1.46 micrograms/g after four 200 mg doses. According to our results, ofloxacin could be considered as one of the alternatives for treating typhoid fever.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Cefmenoxime diffusion into cerebrospinal fluid during human purulent meningitis].

We treated 10 patients with bacterial meningitis by 150 mg/kg/day cefmenoxime divided into six intravenous infusions. CSF samples were taken one hour after an IV on the second and fifth days. CSF cefmenoxime determined by microbiologic assay was 8.3 mg/l on days 2 and 5. Every patient recovered without sequelae. In our opinion, these results may support use of cefmenoxime in bacterial meningitis.

Adult↗