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J D Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to J D Sharma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Genetic profile of nine STR loci among Goud and Padmashali populations of Andhra Pradesh, India.

We have analysed nine autosomal STR loci (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820) in Goud and Padmashali populations belonging to Chittoor and Cuddapah districts of Andhra Pradesh, India, respectively. This data was compared with the available data on Indian populations. Heterozygosity (H), power of discrimination (PD), probability exclusion (PE), typical paternity index (TPI), polymorphism information content (PIC), exact test with Bonferroni corrections and Arlequin analysis were carried out. Average heterozygosity observed in Goud and Padmashali populations were 0.82 and 0.81, respectively. Similarly, PD, PE, TPI and PIC have been found to be almost same between these two populations. Overall data analysis suggests the existence of sub-structuring in Indian populations.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2001

In vitro hemolysis of human erythrocytes -- by plant extracts with antiplasmodial activity.

Human erythrocytes were exposed in a dose dependent manner to various ethanolic plant extracts, and fractions obtained from plant parts of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. and the gum--oleo resin of Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand. These have been screened for in vitro schizontocidal activity and graded with respect to their 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) derived from the twofold serial dilution of the dose range 0.0625--2 mg/ml. An attempt had been made to relate their antiplasmodial activity with their cytotoxicity as represented by the in vitro rate of hemolysis. Intact erythrocytes were found to respond with a dose--time-integral and fitted to models of pseudo first-order reaction, Michaelis--Menten equation and Hill equation with k(1), k(2) and k(3) as their rate constants, respectively. Hemolysis isotherms of flower and root of C. procera and gum--oleo resin of C. wightii extracts were representative. Erythrocytic membrane instability is possibly a major factor as has been earlier reported with ethanol and chloroquine for the cytotoxicity of these plant extracts.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed2001

A review of plant species assessed in vitro for antiamoebic activity or both antiamoebic and antiplasmodial properties.

The resurgence of the protozoal diseases amoebiasis and malaria has been known to occur, from time to time, in endemic and epidemic proportions all over the world. Furthermore, the import of these individual pathogens to other areas from tropical regions encourages these protozoal diseases to occur on a global scale with considerable associated mortality and morbidity. From time immemorial, the cure of these diseases has been attempted with the use of traditional plant products, derived from such species as are available within local habitats and ecosystems, and dependent on their host community for their conservation. Scientific validation and in vitro investigation, continues to be an important requirement for drug development, particularly with the emergence of resistance and cross resistance to some standard drugs used in such protozoal diseases. This paper provides a comparative compilation of the various studies reported between 1982 and 1999, on plants with antiamoebic activities and those which possess both antiamoebic and antiplasmodial activities. The results suggest that it is advisable to increase efforts towards the conservation of such plants, in order to retain their economic and therapeutic significance.

Amebicides↗
PubMed2001

Association between lower hair zinc levels and neural tube defects.

Though folic acid supplementation has reduced the incidence of Neural Tube Defects (NTD), NTD still constitutes one of the important congenital malformations having wide medical, social and ethical implications. Zinc deficiency has been reported to produce NTD in animals. This study was designed to evaluate zinc status of the newborn babies with NTD and their mothers. Eighty newborn babies with NTD and their mothers served as cases. Eighty apparently normal newborn babies and their mothers served as controls. Serum and scalp hair zinc levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean (+/- SD) serum and hair levels in normal mothers were 74.1 +/- 4.1 micrograms/dl and 142.3 +/- 8.0 micrograms/g respectively. The mean (+/- SD) serum and hair levels of the mothers who delivered NTD babies were 75.7 +/- 5.6 micrograms/dl and 129.9 +/- 5.3 micrograms/g respectively. The mean (+/- SD) serum and hair levels in normal newborn babies were 77.8 +/- 5.3 micrograms/dl and 188.8 +/- 6.2 micrograms/g respectively. The mean (+/- SD) serum and hair levels in NTD babies were 80.1 +/- 12.9 micrograms/dl and 174.2 +/- 10.7 micrograms/g respectively. The hair zinc levels of the affected babies and their mothers were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the controls. This study has found association between NTD and decreased hair zinc levels and large population based studies are recommended to confirm the association between zinc and NTD and to investigate whether zinc supplementation would reduce the overall incidence of NTD.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2000

In-vitro schizonticidal screening of Calotropis procera.

Following an ethnobotanical approach, the ethanol extracts of Calotropis procera leaves, stems, roots, flowers and buds have been screened in vitro for antimalarial activity against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive and CQ-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of in vitro schizontocidal activity of plant parts of Calotropis procera--an ethnobotanical approach.

Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. commonly known, as 'Arka' is a popular medicinal plant found throughout the tropics of Asia and Africa and is used in many traditional systems of medicine. Important factors of the various parts of this plant have been widely reported. Good record keeping of subjective and objectively recorded cures by practitioners of traditional medicinal system will help in the establishment of the use of C. procera as an antimalarial plant. It has been attempted to see the effect of crude fractions of its flower, bud and roof against a chloroquine sensitive strain, MRC 20 and a chloroquine resistant strain, MRC 76 of Plasmodium falciparum using the Desjardins method and the effectiveness of its fractions compare better with the CQ sensitive strain than the CQ resistant strain in vitro.

Africa↗
PubMed1998

Plants showing antiplasmodial activity--from crude extracts to isolated compounds.

The derivation of important antimalarial compounds started with the discovery of Cinchona bark powder with wine. Subsequently, post World War-I was a period of intensive work in maintaining such ethnobotanical records, in which the use of quinine has remained the drug of choice in malaria. After World War-II new chemical techniques were used to fractionate and isolate, and also for structure determinations, which led to an ever increasing number of potential antiplasmodial compounds. Recently experimental studies in animals and in clinical trials, showed the emergence of CQ-sensitive and CQ-resistant strains of Plasmodium. This paper is an attempt to update a historical list of antimalarial plants and their natural products as studied by pharmacognostic extraction methods of crude drug research of those times. Further an attempt has been undertaken to list the compounds as classified into three major groups, namely alkaloids, terpenes and quassinoids and aromatic and miscellaneous compounds. The most promising is a quassinoid, artemisinin derived from Artemisia annua which has caused a resurgence for the quest of newer antimalarial compounds.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1989

Enhanced chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for cannabinoids in urine.

An enhanced chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay was developed for the detection of cannabinoids in urine. It utilises an antiserum specific for tetrahydrocannabinol and its major metabolite, a donkey anti-sheep antiserum and a horseradish peroxidase labelled antigen conjugate. The bound enzyme is detected via its catalytic activity on the chemiluminescent luminol-H2O2 reaction in the presence of an enhancer. This immunoassay employs mild experimental conditions and is extremely sensitive (0.13 microgram l(-1), making it suitable for the detection of cannabinoids in samples obtained several days following drug use. None of several medicinal and other drugs of abuse tested interfered in the assay. Greater sensitivity and simplicity make it a feasible non-isotopic alternative to radioimmunoassay and it is amenable to automation and routine screening to large sample batches.

Cannabinoids↗
PubMed1986

Effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on rat erythrocytes.

The widespread use of antioxidants in the food processing industries, especially oil and oil based ones, has great economic advantages. Yet since the ban on the further usage of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) by the FAO in 1980, there have been several reports indicating that BHA and BHT might have both beneficial and detrimental effects. Studies were performed in healthy mature rats both males and females in a 1:1 ratio. In vitro estimations of the percentage hemolysis (50% hemolysis indicating a 50% toxicity level) showed that BHT is more toxic than BHA and the hemolytic activities (kinetics) showed a peak at 60-65% after 12 min with BHT and at 50% after 20 min with BHA. This clearly indicates that at the concentrations of 0.75%, BHA and BHT are harmful to the blood. Further work of dietary effects on blood is in progress. Thus while BHA and BHT are known to be metabolized in the liver and eliminated through the urine, they might be very detrimental to the circulatory system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Isolation and characterization of allergens of Prosopis juliflora pollen grains.

Proteins and glycoproteins from Prosopis juliflora (Pj) pollen grains were separated by gel filtration, electrophoresis, DEAE cellulose chromatography and their molecular weight was determined by gel filtration and SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The allergenic activity of different fractions were evaluated by in vivo skin prick test and in vitro gel diffusion test. It was found that fraction E of gel filtration and fraction III and IV of DEAE cellulose chromatography were most allergenic. This fraction E of gel filtration showed positive reaction with periodic acid Schiff's reagent as determined by SDS-gel electrophoresis.

Allergens↗
PubMed1984

Altered structural and functional integrity of the reproductive tissues in estradiol benzoate-treated intact male albino rats.

The effects of estradiol benzoate administration (50 micrograms/day/rat for 15 days) to healthy intact male albino rats of Holtzman strain were investigated. Estradiol benzoate (E2B) treatment caused significant reduction in androgen-target tissues, viz., testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ventral prostate. This led to alterations in the milieu of the epididymis and vas deferens rendering them hostile for sperm maturation, motility, metabolism, and survival as is evident by reduced sperm motility, alterations in their morphology, and the resulting loss of fertility. The reduction in sperm counts are correlated with decrease in weight, atrophy of testis, and arrest of spermatogenesis. It is evident that E2B treatment to adult intact, male rats manifested antiandrogenic and antifertility effects mainly by directly affecting the testicular structural and functional integrity in support of earlier data. Studies on induction of functional sterility after E2B treatment are called for.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Fertility control in vas occluded rats and the biochemical effects of ascorbic acid feeding.

A new approach to rapid male sterilization has been studied by giving a single injection of 95% ethanol directly into the vas deferens. It produced an effective block in the lumen. The mating exposure test showed that the males were sterile. Vas occlusion caused an atrophy of the Cauda epididymis. Extensive necrosis and exfoliation of the seminiferous elements were conspicuous. Reduced succinate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, vesicular fructose and altered ascorbate turnover pattern could be restored to normal by simultaneous ascorbic acid feeding. In conclusion ascorbic acid feeding plays a definite beneficial role in vas occluded rats. The antiandrogenic effects of vas occlusion could be reversed by simultaneous ascorbic acid feeding.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Histochemical localization of ascorbic acid in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of some rodents.

Histochemical localization of ascorbic acid was carried out in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens of rat, guinea pig, mouse and also human beings, using a modified technique (CHINOY and SANJEEVAN 1978). The staining pattern was same in all cases, wherein, the nuclei were stained more intensely as compared to the cytoplasm. The luminal spermatozoa were also darkly stained. The significance of the localization is discussed in the light of the recent findings.

Animals↗