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Biomedical subjects

J D Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to J D Sharma.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effects of prostaglandins on histophysiology of male reproductive organs and fertility in rats.

The effects of subcutaneous injections of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E1 (PGF2 alpha and E1) on the histophysiology of male reproductive organs of mature albino rats and their fertility rate were studied. Although most of the androgensensitive biochemical parameters were reduced by PG treatment, the level of cholesterol and activities of 3 beta and 17 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenases were not significantly altered in the testis. These results indicate a probable decline in target organ response to androgen and/or in conversion of testosterone to its metabolites. The reduction in fertility rate of prostaglandin-treated male rats has been correlated with the altered morphology of the epididymal spermatozoa as well as with their reduced density and motility. The weights of testis and epididymis were significantly reduced but those of seminal vesicle (SV) and ventral prostate (VP) were increased by PG treatment. The height of the germinal/secretory epithelium, the tubular diameter of testis, and the epididymis were decreased, but Leydig cell diameter was not affected. The reduced fructose in SV and the corresponding increase in its weight suggest that there is hypertrophy but no hyperplasia. On the other hand, in VP there probably occur both hypertrophy and hyperplasia. It is evident from the results that PGF2 alpha and E1 exert a definite growth promoting effect particularly in SV and VP together with the antiandrogenic and partial antifertility effects.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Zinc levels in women and newborns.

Zinc is an important trace element having a definitive role in the metabolism, growth and development and reproduction. During pregnancy the requirements for zinc increase. This study was designed to evaluate the zinc status of normal women, normal pregnant women and their newborn babies. Forty normal adult females, 40 normal pregnant women and their newborn babies were randomly selected and their serum and hair zinc levels were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean serum and hair zinc levels in normal women were 69.47 +/- 1.4 micrograms/dl and 147.45 +/- 6.12 micrograms/g respectively. The mean serum and hair zinc levels in normal pregnant women were 69.0 +/- 3.22 micrograms/dl and 142.83 +/- 4.39 micrograms/g respectively while the mean serum (cord blood) and hair levels in normal new born babies were 72.77 +/- 5.14 micrograms/dl and 188.36 +/- 4.12 micrograms/g respectively. There was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in hair zinc levels during pregnancy. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in zinc levels in new born babies when the time interval between the previous delivery and the present delivery was less than 3.4 years. The results of the present study reinforce the need for zinc supplementation during pregnancy especially if the interval between pregnancies is short.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of vitamin C deficiency on physiology of male reproductive organs of guinea pigs.

Vitamin C dietary deficiency in guinea pigs markedly affected the androgen-sensitive parameters of the reproductive tissues--testis, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory sex glands--and caused an "androgen-deprived effect" in these target organs. This in turn altered their internal milieu and caused changes in their metal ion profile and the morphology, motility, and density of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens. The sensitivity of the vas deferens to adrenaline was also reduced in scorbutic guinea pigs, thus decreasing their fertility rate. The primary action seems to be at the level of the testis, and androgen deprivation and partial antifertility effects are probably secondary manifestations consequent to the primary effect. The present study demonstrated that ascorbic acid is essential for maintaining the physiological integrity of the androgen target reproductive organs in guinea pigs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cardiac output of Indian men by a non-invasive method the Indirect Fick Principle.

The cardiac-output (Q) of seven young healthy Indians with common physical characteristics at rest and after a single bout of exercise of 600 kpm for 10 min on a bicycle ergometer was ascertained by the Indirect Fick Principle. The end tidal alveolar Co2 pressure was obtained at the end of a normal expiration and PvCo2 was obtained by the help of the exponential rise (Defares method) in Co2 concentration during rebreathing from an initially low Co2 in O2 mixture (3-4%). The standard Co2 dissociation curve of oxygenated blood was used to find out the corresponding arterial and venous Co2 content, assuming the Hb content of these individuals to be normal. The mean value of the Cardiac-Output so obtained during rest is 4.21 liters/min when Co2 rebreathing time does not exceed 10 secs, and 17.33 litres/min., 2 to 3 breaths after exercise, when rebreathing time did not exceed 5 to 7 secs. Repeated studies and better training of the subjects will perhaps improve the resting values, while after exercise and during recovery our values are better reproducible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two dimensional thin-layer chromatography of ganja (Cannabis sativa L.).

An efficient and reliable two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic technique for separation and identification of cannabinoids present in cannabis resin (Cannabis sativa L.) is described. A total of 47 different cannabinoids were successfully separated and 5 of these, cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, trans-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, were identified. A 0.1 per cent solution of Fast blue salt B in 45 per cent ethanol was employed as chromogenic reagent.

Cannabinoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spot tests for cannabis materials.

Sensitive and specific spot tests are described for the identification of cannabis materials. These spot tests are economical since they utilize minimal amounts of cannabis derivatives and chromogenic reagents. They yield satisfactory results when applied to the cannabis materials and are sensitive at less than 10 micrograms/ml. The described spot reactions are simple, highly reliable and reproducible.

Cannabis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of dexamethasone with cyclophosphamide, chloramphenicol and cyproheptadine hydrochloride as immunosuppressive agents on skin homografts in rats and rabbits.

An experimental study on immunosuppressive action of cyclophosphamide, chloramphenicol and cyproheptadine hydrochloride in comparison with the control and dexamethasone was undertaken on skin homografts in rabbits and rats. The survival period of skin homografts in cyclophosphamide treated group was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) in rabbits, but there was insignificant increase in rats (P greater than 0.01). With chloramphenicol there was significant increase in survival period in both the species (P less than 0.01). Cyproheptadine did not show significant result in any of the species. The probable mechanisms of immunosuppressive action have been discussed.

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