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Biomedical subjects

J David

Publications and source records attributed to J David.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Cerebral ischemic accidents during migraine attacks. A report on "complicated migraine"].

The authors use the term "complicated migraine" to describe the onset of neurological disorder occurring during an acute attack in a patient with chronic migraine. The disturbance may last for long periods or may be permanent, and these irreversible cerebral lesions have to be differentiated from the transient neurological effects characteristic of ophthalmic on secondary migraine. Patients with migraine and retinal lesions, as well as those with ophthalmoplegic or familial hemiplegic migraine, were excluded from the study. The seven cases reported included 5 women and 2 men with an average age of 30 years (from 14 to 51 years). A more or less severe lesion in a hemisphere was present, which led to sensory-motor signs of a hemiplegia (4 cases), an aphasia (4 cases), and a homonymous lateral hemianopia (3 cases). Exploration revealed the presence of an ischemic cerebral lesion in all cases. One or more arterial occlusions were also noted in 5 out of the 6 patients who were investigated by angiography. All cases showed the presence of the criteria thought to be essential for associating the cerebral ischemic lesion with migraine. 1) the patient had true migraine, 2) there was a close chronological relationship between the migraine attack and the lasting neurological disorder, 3) no other associated vascular disease was present (atheroma, cardiopathy). The very severe and prolonged spasm, which could be the cause of neurological disturbances in secondary and ophthalmic migraine, does not appear to be sufficient for producing an irreversible ischemic lesion and, more especially, a persistent vascular obstruction. The roles played by edema of the arterial wall and parietal changes in the vessels are discussed. It could be that thrombosis formation is encouraged by the changes in blood coagulability which may be associated with a migraine attack. The fact that anomalies in platelet aggregation have been demonstrated merits closer study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of the ability of eosinophils and neutrophils, and of eosinophils from patients with S. mansoni infection and normal individuals, to mediate in vitro damage to schistosomula of S. mansoni.

A reliable and reproducible method that produces separate fractions of pure eosinophils and neutrophils from normal peripheral blood was described. The interaction of eosinophils and neutrophils with antibody coated schistosomula was examined in vitro. Neutrophils were highly active in the 51Cr release assay and most formed rosettes with antibody coated red cells, but they adhered poorly to schistosomula and did not kill the organisms. Eosinophils, although they were less active in the 51Cr release assay than neutrophils and few formed rosettes, adhered strongly to schistosomula and, in the presence of antibody, were able to kill organisms. Organisms from patients with S. mansoni infection and eosinophilia were more effecient than eosinophils from normal individuals in their capacity to release 51Cr from labelled somula in the presence of antibody.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1979

Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase activity in vitro and in vivo: effects of acetone feeding.

When adult Drosophila are placed on medium containing 0.5% acetone, their level of alcohol dehydrogenase activity drops rapidly. At the same time, the proportion of activity in the various electrophoretic forms of the enzyme shifts; most of the activity becomes localized in what is ordinarily a minor form of the enzyme. Moreover, the loss of enzyme activity occurs in vivo as well, as shown by sensitivity to ethanol poisoning, insensitivity to pentenol treatment, and inability to utilize ethanol as an energy source. These observations are discussed in light of a model advanced for the origin of the multiple forms of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila.

Acetone↗
PubMed1979

Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with bromocriptine.

BRomocriptine (15-75 mg per day) alone or with L-dopa was studied during five to 29 months on 44 patients with Parkinson's disease. Used as sole therapeutic agent, it was found excellent in 12 patients who had never received regular L-dopa treatment either because it was never attempted or because of intolerance from the outset. Its anti-Parkinsonism activity was comparable with L-dopa. The gain was stable in the long term until this report. The side effects of L-dopa were not seen after bromocriptine. In cases where L-dopa had ceased to be active, bromocriptine produced a further improvement if mental deterioration was not associated. In very advanced forms of Parkinson's disease with associated dementia, bromocriptine did not produce durable results. Bromocriptine did not improve the "on-off" effects but reduced a number of the side effects of L-dopa, in particular cardiac, painful contractions, and dyskinesia without "on-off" effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Plasma cell beta-glucuronidase and monoclonal gammapathies (author's transl)].

beta-glucuronidase activity, estimated cytochemically, is, in more than half cases of myeloma, very increased or decreased, compared to that found in benign dysglobulinemias, where this activity is normal. A very high or very low score makes sure the diagnostic of myeloma. The relations between the beta-glucuronidase activity and the myeloma clinical stade according to Durie and Salmon and the bone lysis are discussed.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1978

Alcohol metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster: uselessness of the most active aldehyde oxidase produced by the aldox locus.

Alcohol dehydrogenase is necessary for ethanol detoxification and metabolic utilization. It has been generally assumed that aldehyde oxidase (AO) produced by the Aldox locus (3-56.7) is necessary for a further transformation of acetaldehyde into acetate. We find that various mutant strains (ma-l or Aldoxn) which do not produce an active enzyme show about the same tolerance to alcohol as do wild strains. This physiological paradox is probably to be explained by the discovery of another locus (not localized) which produced a small amount of AO in all tested strains. The adaptive significance of the genetically polymorphic Aldox locus is probably to be looked for in physiological pathways other than ethanol metabolism.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1978

Transsphenoidal encephalocele associated with agenesis of corpus callosum: value of metrizamide computed cisternography.

Transsphenoidal encephaloceles are rare congenital malformations that are classified among the medial dysraphias and that are therefore associated with an agenesis of the corpus callosum. Clinically, the diagnosis is difficult, but hypertelorism and weakening eyesight should be of suggestive value. Diagnosis is basically radiological. In the past, it was founded on roentgenography, tomography of the base of the skull, pneumoencephalography, and angiography when necessary. Today, metrizamide computed cisternography using axial transverse and coronal sections, supplemented by sagittal reconstructions, allows for a complete examination of bony, meningeal, and cerebral abnormalities.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1977

[Genetic tolerance to alcohol in Drosophila: comparison of the effects of selection in D. melanogaster and D. simulans].

A strain of D. simulans and 3 strains of D. melanogaster having different initial levels of alcohol tolerance were submitted to increasing selection for at least 30 generations. In melanogaster, the relative efficiency of selection was inversely related to the initial level. In simulans, whose natural tolerance is particularly low, only a small increase was obtained. In all cases, tolerance increased progressively and could be considered as a quantitative character. These results are probably due to modifier genes of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗