Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J E Osborn.
The AIDS epidemic presents the health care community with an exceptionally complex set of challenges, says June E. Osborn, M.D., the chairwoman of the National Commission on AIDS. Care-giver burnout, clinical and cost issues, and above all the challenge the disease poses to health care provider--and societal--compassion, make this epidemic unusually difficult to tackle, she writes.
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In summary then, my purpose has been two-fold: on the one hand, I have tried to highlight the kinds of basic science advances in both cellular and virologic research that can (and should) be focussed both on vaccines under development and, retrospectively, on those whose origins were strictly empiric. On the other hand, I have attempted a partial survey of some of the prominent members of a potential new generation of vaccines to point out areas where these advances can and should contribute either to progress or to a sense of caution about the further reliance on pure empiricism. It is clear that we are not finished with new viral vaccines. It is equally clear that narrowing the persistent gap between basic science and its application to public health needs will require much energy and attention as vaccine development progresses.
Viral DNA was isolated from human and murine cytomegalovirus by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride gradients. The size of the DNA was measured relative to T4 DNA by velocity sedimentation in neutral glycerol gradients, and fractions were assayed for infectious DNA. Infectious murine cytomegalovirus DNA sedimented as a single peak with an estimated molecular weight of 136 X 10(6). Infectious human cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in two peaks with molecular weights of 130 X 10(6) and 150 X 10(6).
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Studies were performed to ascertain the relationship of human papovavirus JC to BK virus and to simian virus 40 (SV40) by further restriction endonuclease analysis and by DNA-DNA competition hybridization on membrane filters. Form I DNA extracted from two new isolates from cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy of human papovaviruses that were JC-like in their antigenic properties were found to yield restriction endonuclease fragmentation patterns similar to those of prototypic JC virus DNA and different from those of BK or SV40. Form I DNA preparations of JC and BK viruses were found to be related to each other and to SV40 DNA to a similar extent, with JC and BK virus DNAs containing sequences homologous to both early and late regions of the SV40 genome. The relatedness in each comparison was less than 50%, and heterologous hybrids between either JC or BK and SV40 DNAs were found to be less stable than homologous SV40-SV40 hybrids in high concentrations of formamide, suggesting substantial mismatch within homologous regions, to the extent of 15 to 30%. The new JC-like isolates were also studied in competition hybridization reactions with SV40 DNA and yielded results similar to those obtained with JC virus.