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Biomedical subjects

J F Annegers

Publications and source records attributed to J F Annegers.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Incidence of premature ovarian failure.

To assess the occurrence of premature ovarian failure, the age-specific incidence rates of natural menopause were determined for a cohort of 1858 women born between 1928 and 1932. These women were identified as Rochester, Minnesota residents in 1950 and were followed for date and type of menopause. A total of nine experienced natural menopause before age 40 years, which represents a 1% risk of natural menopause to age 40. The annual incidence rates of natural menopause per 100,000 person-years were ten for ages 15 to 29 and 76 for ages 30 to 39. In the age group 40 to 44, the incidence of natural menopause increased greatly to 881 per 100,000 person-years at risk.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Do oral contraceptives prevent rheumatoid arthritis?

Two studies have suggested that the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women using oral contraceptives is less than half that of nonusers. When a third study from the Mayo Clinic failed to confirm these findings, it was criticized for inclusion of ineligible subjects, misclassification of oral contraceptive use, and inadequate statistical power. Recent expansion of the Mayo Clinic's data resources provided a unique opportunity to resolve the controversy, and a new population-based case-control study was undertaken. In comparison with the previous study, the new investigation had 2.2 times as many eligible cases and more complete ascertainment of oral contraceptive use via access to the records of Planned Parenthood of Minnesota. Comparing any prior use of oral contraceptives with never having used them, the relative risk of rheumatoid arthritis estimated from 182 cases and their 182 matched controls was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.7). The relative risk for current use was 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 2.4). The lack of a protective effect was independent of age, disease severity, and disease end point (date of confirmed diagnosis or symptom onset).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Bronchogenic carcinoma in Olmsted County, 1935-1979.

The incidence rates of bronchogenic carcinoma based upon 414 cases that occurred in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a period of 45 years are described. Histologic preparations were available for 97% of cases and were reviewed by one pathologist. The overall average annual age-adjusted rates per 100,000 person-years for the most recent 5 years were 45.6 and 14.0 for men and women, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was most common among men and adenocarcinoma was the most common cell type among women. Incidence rates for women have risen to approximately those of men 30 years ago, whereas the incidence for men in the last 5 years has ceased to increase. Age-specific rates show increases for women in all age groups 55 years and older, and for men 65 years and older, whereas the incidence in men younger than 65 years has declined. Survival for 5 years is best for women for all cell types except small cell carcinoma, and is essentially unchanged from the earlier 40-year report.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Formaldehyde complaint investigations in mobile homes by the Texas Department of Health.

The Texas Department of Health sampled for formaldehyde (HCHO) in 443 mobile homes between April, 1979, and May, 1982, at the request of the occupants. Colorimetric detector tubes were used most frequently for sample acquisition. HCHO concentrations ranged from below detectable limits (less than 0.5 ppm) to 8.0 ppm. Twenty-seven percent of homes one year of age or less had mean concentrations equal to or greater than 2.0 ppm while 11.5% of older homes had concentrations of 2.0 ppm or more. An inverse relationship is demonstrated between home age and HCHO level. The primary health complaints reported were headaches, respiratory discomfort, and ocular irritation. Evidence of a dose-response relationship was not present.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

The risk of seizure disorders among relatives of children with febrile convulsions.

We studied the risk for seizure disorders among relatives of probands with febrile convulsions. The risk for febrile convulsions was raised in siblings, offspring, and nieces and nephews of probands. Risks to siblings were higher if one or both parents also had febrile convulsions, or the proband had no identified neurologic abnormality before the febrile convulsion, if the proband had recurrent febrile convulsions, or the febrile convulsions were complex. The risk for epilepsy was raised in siblings of probands, but not in other relatives. If the proband had febrile convulsions followed by epilepsy, risk to siblings for febrile convulsions and for epilepsy was significantly higher than when probands had either condition alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Case-control study of galactorrhea and its relationship to the use of oral contraceptives.

A case-control study was performed to determine the relationship between galactorrhea and the use of oral contraceptives as well as other risk factors. The cases included all 109 Olmsted County residents who satisfied the diagnostic criteria for galactorrhea between 1970 and 1980. Control subjects were selected from a sampling frame of all medical registrations and matched to the cases by age, year, and residency. Pituitary adenomas were strongly associated with galactorrhea, as the relative risk was 23.2 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 90.0). In galactorrhea cases without pituitary adenomas there was an association with oral contraceptives (ever use versus never use), as the relative risk was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 4.4). Among current users of oral contraceptives, the risk of galactorrhea was not increased, but there was a trend of diminishing risk with duration of use. The estimate of relative risk was 3.1 after discontinuation of oral contraceptive use and was highest for the first year after discontinuation (5.5), compared with a year or more after discontinuation (2.1). Thus, galactorrhea was associated with the cessation of oral contraceptives.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

The familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to the HLA-DR4 association.

This investigation of the familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, was prompted by the considerable variability in previous reports and the need to interpret findings in light of the recently established human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 association. The historical cohort methodology was applied to determine the incidence of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis in 1631 biologic relatives of 78 probands compared with the Rochester population incidence. The ratio of the age- and sex-adjusted rates in first-degree relatives compared with the general population was 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.9). The increase was concentrated in the 16- to 40-year-old age group, suggesting some disease heterogeneity. However, the level of familial risk was not significantly affected by the proband's sex, seropositivity, age, or parental disease status. Integrating these findings with prior research in which case ascertainment was complete led to the conclusion that familial aggregation of rheumatoid arthritis is weak. The apparent discrepancy between weak familial aggregation and the known strong HLA-DR4 association with rheumatoid arthritis was resolved by examining the mathematical relationship between the measures of association in the two different types of studies. Results show that to be consistent with weak familial clustering, any putative susceptibility gene must have very low penetrance, and/or there must be a large residual of sporadic cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Reproductive history in women with coronary heart disease. A case-control study.

Reproductive history events may be risk factors for coronary heart disease among women under age 60. In this study, the cases were 169 women under age 60 with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease while residents of Rochester, Minnesota. The first manifestation of coronary heart disease was angina in 95, myocardial infarction in 59, and sudden unexpected death in 15 women. Two age- and sex-matched controls for each case were selected from all registrations for care at the Mayo Clinic in the same year the case was diagnosed. The cases had more of the accepted coronary heart disease risk factors--i.e., hypertension (relative risk = 2.9), smoking (relative risk = 2.4), elevated serum cholesterol (relative risk = 2.6), and diabetes (relative risk = 4.1)--than did controls. In addition, women undergoing artificial menopause and those whose first pregnancy was before age 25 appeared to be at higher risk of coronary heart disease. Use of multivariate analysis to control for known coronary heart disease risk factors resulted in a relative risk of 1.9 for women whose age at first pregnancy was less than 20, and 1.8 for those whose age at first pregnancy was 20-24, as compared with those never pregnant and those whose age at first pregnancy was greater than or equal to 25.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with epilepsy.

All-cause and heart disease mortality and ischemic heart disease incidence among patients with an initial diagnosis of epilepsy while residents of Rochester, MN, from 1935 through 1979 were determined. Death rates from heart disease were slightly elevated for persons with epilepsy. The increased death rate from heart disease was confined to persons less than 65 years of age. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and of sudden cardiac death as the initial manifestation of ischemic heart disease was significantly increased in persons with epilepsy, but the increase was primarily limited to those with symptomatic epilepsy attributed to cerebrovascular disease. The occurrence of ischemic heart disease and sudden cardiac death was not related to anticonvulsant medication status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of skull fractures in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Between 1935 and 1974, 3598 episodes of head trauma among Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents resulted in 1097 skull fractures. Of these, 53% were simple, 16% were depressed, 12% were compound, and 19% were basilar. The age-and sex-adjusted incidence of skull fractures was 44.3 per 100,000 person-years overall, was somewhat greater in the urban than in the rural areas of Olmsted County, and was relatively stable for the final 30 years of the study. Age-specific incidence rates were highest for the very young, and simple linear fractures were the predominant type of skull fracture in this age group and among the elderly. The male:female ratio of incidence rates varied from 2.1:1 to 4.5:1 depending on fracture type. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 38% of the skull fractures and were a particularly important cause among young males. Falls accounted for 37% of the skull fractures and were the major cause of fractures in the elderly and pediatric age groups. The results of this population-based study may be helpful in formulating recommendations for the evaluation and management of head-injured patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950-1981.

Trends in the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy from 1950 through 1981 were evaluated in the defined population of Rochester, Minnesota. The average ratio of ectopic pregnancies to live births was 1:171. The ratio declined from 1:141 to 1:217 from 1955-1959 to 1970-1974 and increased sharply to 1:122 by 1975-1980. Similarly, the average age-adjusted incidence rate of ectopic pregnancies per 100,000 women of childbearing age was 49 over the period studied. A peak rate of 79 per 100,000 was reached in 1955 to 1959, and a trough of 30 per 100,000 occurred in 1970 to 1974; this was followed by a sharp increase to 49 per 100,000 in 1975 to 1981. Methods of measuring ectopic pregnancy are contrasted, and possible risk factors are suggested.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1983

Chronic anovulation syndrome and associated neoplasia.

Ovarian hormones have been implicated in a number of neoplastic conditions. Chronic anovulation syndrome, a spontaneous biologic experiment of unopposed secretion of estrogen by the ovaries, was identified in a cohort of 1270 patients, and the risk of these patients having neoplasia was studied. Of the 1270 patients studied, 30 had a subsequent malignancy develop; the expected number was 29.8. When the individual types of subsequent malignancy were analyzed, the endometrium was the only site at increased risk. The relative risk of developing carcinoma of the endometrium after the diagnosis of chronic anovulation syndrome is 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 7.3). The long-term risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the endometrium might be considered when treating patients who have this syndrome.

Anovulation↗
PubMed1982

The association between pituitary adenomas and chronic anovulation syndrome.

A cohort of 487 patients with chronic anovulation syndrome diagnosed between January 1, 1970, and January 1, 1980, were followed up to determine the frequency of pituitary adenomas among them. Of the 487 patients, four (0.8%) had pituitary adenoma. This compares with an expected number of 0.42, yielding a relative risk of 9.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 24.3). Within this cohort, the prevalence rate was 2.7% for galactorrhea and 3.3% for hyperprolactinemia. The prevalence rate of abnormal radiologic findings was 6.4% for roentgenography of the sella, 25.4% for sellar tomography, and 14.7% for computed tomography. In addition, 15 patients with pituitary adenomas and 60 control subjects were compared for prior anovulation syndrome. The relative risk of pituitary adenomas for patients with chronic anovulation syndrome in this case-control study was 24.3 (95% confidence interval, 4.9 to 120.6).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1982

The risks of seizure disorders among relatives of patients with childhood onset epilepsy.

The risk of seizure disorders in relatives of patients with childhood-onset epilepsy was evaluated by a cohort study of the other descendants of parents of probands with epilepsy. The probands comprised 196 cases of idiopathic epilepsy and 60 individuals with isolated idiopathic seizures diagnosed among residents of Rochester, Minnesota, from 1935 to 1974. The risk of epilepsy through age 20 among the siblings and children of probands was 4.1%, three times the rate in the general Rochester population. The risk of any type of seizure (including isolated seizures, febrile convulsions, or seizures due to an acute cerebral insult) through age 20 was 11% in siblings and 13.1% in children of probands. The risks of seizure disorders among the nieces and nephews of probands were not greater than the general population rates.

Adolescent↗