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Biomedical subjects

J F Halvorsen

Publications and source records attributed to J F Halvorsen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Budd-Chiari syndrome with obstruction of the inferior caval vein: successful treatment by cavosplenoatrial shunt.

A 27-year-old man had a 10-month history of recurrent ascites, massive edema, and extreme fatigue. The diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome with severe stenosis of the retrohepatic part of the inferior caval vein had been established. Medical treatment had failed to prevent further deterioration. A single 14 mm Gore-Tex graft (W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Elkton, Md.) was used to establish a cavosplenoatrial shunt. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. All signs of ascites and edema disappeared within 8 weeks after surgery. In connection with repair of a ventral hernia 8 months later, a liver biopsy specimen revealed partial normalization of liver histology and an angiography demonstrated a patent shunt. Two and a half years after the initial operation he developed a bleeding peptic ulcer demanding emergency surgery. The shunt was again found patent. Three years after the first operation the patient is free of symptoms and working full time.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Do infiltrative and anaplastic growth patterns alternate with season in human breast cancer?

The presence/absence of stromal metachromasia, at the zone of host-tumour interaction, was recorded in 220 primary breast carcinomas. This reaction, which is associated with an infiltrative as opposed to an expansive growth form, was more common in primaries removed in the first half of the year than the second. This adds to previous evidence based on histological grading that growth synchronization has occurred in breast carcinomas in this district.

Anaplasia↗
PubMed1983

Sinus catarrh and histological grade in breast cancer.

Histological grading of 52 primary breast carcinomas and analysis of the findings in the corresponding axillary nodes showed that primaries of high grade tend to have more nodes showing sinus catarrh than those of low grade. This is in keeping with previous reports linking sinus cararrh to aggressive tumour growth.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Sinophobic growth in oestrogen receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer.

The mode of growth of tumour cells from primary breast carcinoma in the axillary nodes is shown to be related to the oestrogen receptor (ER) status of the primary tumour. ER-positive primaries are described as tending to show sinophilic growth, the tumour cells spreading along the nodal sinuses; while the ER-negative are sinophobic, spreading more diffusely in the lymphoid tissue.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

On the progressive nature of tumour growth in the axillary nodes in breast cancer.

Tumour cells enter the axillary nodes by the afferent lymphatics, but little is known about their subsequent behaviour. Quantitation and localization of tumour growth in 156 nodes suggest that the establishment of tumour growth in them is not haphazard. It starts in the cortex, extending later through the medulla, and finally into the efferent nodal vessels. This systematic growth pattern is in keeping with the unfavourable prognosis in cases with efferent vascular invasion in which both cortex and medulla are involved.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Variation in histology and oestrogen receptor content in breast carcinoma related to tumour size and time of presentation.

Evidence is presented that the growth rate of breast carcinomas in a defined population was lower in January and June than in the later months of the year. The tumours presenting later were on average larger and of higher histological grade. While there was no difference in the distribution of oestrogen receptor (ER) status, the receptor positive showed higher values later in the year. These high values were accompanied by a lack of tubular differentiation, again in keeping with a more rapid growth rate. Grading factor 1 is thus associated with the level of receptor positivity, in contrast to receptor status which is linked to factor 2. This indicates that ER- and ER+ tumours are derived from two distinct populations, and that a continuous scale is not involved.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Is the growth of breast carcinoma regulated by the axillary nodes?

The morphology of the axillary lymph nodes removed in connection with primary surgical treatment of 60 patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma is reported. The reactions in the nodes from patients presenting in the first 6 months of the year are shown to differ from those presenting later. The mean tumour diameters were also greater in the second period. The nodal changes at this time were characterized, in the node-negative, by germinal centre proliferation and a mixed sinus reaction or sinus catarrh. These reactions were less marked in node-positive cases. The morphological changes described indicate that immunological mechanisms are involved. It is suggested that they may regulate the growth of the primary. The possibility that they are subject to seasonal variation is discussed.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Characterization of the molecular forms of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism and in hyperparathyroidism due to renal failure.

Radioimmunological determination of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in sera of patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism was carried out using antisera specific for the amino-terminal and the mid-region part of the hormone. In 58 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in 29 patients with the secondary form of the disease due to renal failure, there was a linear correlation between the concentration of serum iPTH determined with the two types of antiserum. In all cases the mid-region-specific antiserum measured the highest iPTH concentrations. The molecular forms of serum iPTH were examined after gel filtration of Sephadex G-75 followed by Bio-Gel P-60 in nine patients. Fractions which represented molecular forms equal to or smaller than intact PTH were collected. Using the mid-region-specific antiserum, the predominant immunoreactivity (50-80%) eluted corresponding to one or several large fragments in both forms of the disease. In contrast, iPTH activity co-eluting with the intact hormone represented 2-8% of the total. Similar elution profiles were observed when the amino-terminal-specific radioimmunoassay was used. However, this antiserum showed that in both disease states relatively higher concentrations of iPTH co-eluted with the intact hormone (about 20%). In conclusion, the higher serum iPTH concentrations measured with mid-region-specific antiserum are mainly due to quantitative differences due to the presence of large and intermediate sized fragments. The appearance of higher concentrations of iPTH in secondary hyperparathyroidism may be due to a reduced degradation and/or filtration by the kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Portohepatic bypass by splenohepatopexy in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension. A long-term (12-month) study of the development of splenohepatic collaterals and their effect on portal vein pressure.

Transposition to the liver of the spleen in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension due to a calibrated portal vein stenosis with a diameter of 1.2 mm resulted in the development of new venous collaterals from the spleen into the liver parenchyma. The collaterals were visualized macro- and microscopically as well as angiographically and were found to drain into intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, sinusoids, and hepatic veins. The portal pressure 12 months after stenosis and transposition was found to be significantly lower in rats with transposed spleens than in rats with portal vein stenosis alone. The collaterals were sufficiently well developed to significantly reduce the increase in portal vein pressure that follows acute occlusion of the portal vein and the natural splenorenal collaterals.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Injures of the colon and rectum.

Experience gained in wartime surgery have made important contributions to the treatment of colon injuries. During World War I, when the method of treatment was primary closure, the mortality rate was 60-70%. In World War II, when, following the recommendation of Ogilvie (15), the preferred method of treatment was exteriorization or proxima colostomy, the mortality rate fell to 25-30%. Given such marked improvement it was inevitable that the practice of exteriorization would be applied to civilian life. In 1951 Woodhall and Ochsner (24) suggested a more selective approach to the treatment of large bowel injuries. Following their report other authors (5, 11, 12, 18) have reported favourable results with primary suture and resection of certain types of colon wounds. During hte last decade the mortality of ano-rectal injury has been further reduced mainly due to the use of a washout of the distal rectum, presacral drainage and proper use of antibiotics.

Colon↗
PubMed1980

Partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer by the Krønlein method. An outpatient follow-up study 12 years later with particular reference to endoscopy with biopsy and brush cytology and to clinical-chemical and radiological results.

Forty-six patients were studied 12 years after partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer. They had all been subjected to a standard Billroth II type operation as described by Krønlein, with emphasis laid upon the transverse position of the gastrojejunostomy. The clinical examination was supplemented by an outpatient gastroscopy with photography, biopsy and brush cytology, and by a series of blood analyses and X-ray of the gastric remnant. The general finding on gastroscopy was a slightly injected mucosa with flattened folds near the anastomosis, no or slight reflux of bile. The cytological examination revealed metaplasia in 7.5-15 per cent of the specimens, no sign of dysplasia or carcinoma. Biopsy showed severe atrophic gastritis in 0-13 per cent of the specimens, slight to moderate in 58-96 per cent, no signs of cellular atypia or irregular arrangements. Judged by the results of blood analyses a deficiency in iron, Vitamin B12 or both, was demonstrated in about 25 per cent of patients and of these more than 50 per cent were anaemic. X-ray examination showed that 70 per cent of the patients had an emptying time of the gastric remnant of 10-20 minutes. A transverse position of the anastomosis could be demonstrated in about 67 per cent. The necessity of a close follow-up of these patients is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Repreoducibility of a method for a graded stenosis in tubes and vessels of small calibres. An in vitro and in vivo experiment.

The reproducibility of a previously described method for graded stenosis has been tested in a model experiment and by repeated stenosis of the portal vein in rats. In the model experiment, the method was tested in terms of flow variations; in the animal experiment, in terms of prestenotic pressure variations. In the model experiment, the coefficient of variation in repeated stenosis was less than 3%. In the animal experiment, repeated stenosis constantly produced the same high level of pressure. The present method is discussed in relation to a theoretical optimal standard and found to be satisfactory.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prehepatic portal hypertension in the rat. Immediate and long-term effects on portal vein and aortic pressure of a graded portal vein stenosis, followed by occlusion of the portal vein and spleno-renal collaterals.

The creation of a portal vein stenosis with a diameter of 1.2 mm in Wistar rats resulted in a sustained elevation of the portal vein pressure to approximately twice the control value lasting for at least 8 weeks. The alterations in portal vein pressure following occlusion of the stenosed portal vein and splenorenal collaterals, either separately or in combination, indicate that a considerable quantity of portal blood is diverted into the inferior caval vein through the splenorenal collaterals, and that the development of these collaterals occurs during the first 3-4 weeks after the establishment of the stenosis. The concomitant reduction in aortic pressure and increase in heart rate following total occlusion of the portal vein were most pronounced during the first weeks after stenosis, and were probably due to diminished venous return to the heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Porto-hepatic bypass by organohepatopexy in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension. Formation of new venous porto-hepatic collaterals following omento-, jejuno-, and splenohepatopexy, and their effect on portal vein pressure.

Transposition to the liver of the greater omentum; the jejunum, and the spleen in 3 groups of rats with prehepatic portal hypertension due to a calibrated portal vein stenosis with a diameter of 1.2 mm resulted in the formation of new venous collaterals from the transposed organs into the liver parenchyma. The collaterals were visualized macro- and microscopically, as well as angiographically, and were found to drain into intrahepatic branches of the portal vein, sinusoids, and hepatic veins. The portal vein pressure 8 weeks after stenosis and transposition was found to be significantly lower in rats with transposed organs than in controls. The collaterals were sufficiently well developed to significantly reduce the increase in portal vein pressure that follows acute occlusion of the portal vein and the natural splenorenal collaterals.

Animals↗