[Eosinophilic ileocolitis: two case reports].
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Crohn Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
J F Hamon
Publications and source records attributed to J F Hamon.
[Trypanosomiasis: determination of groups of patients from clinical and electroencephalographic data].
Data constituted from clinical and waking electroencephalographic signs in 104 patients at meningoencephalitis stage of trypanosomiasis were treated by way of a correspondence analysis in order to determine clinical profiles. Three profiles were identified. The first one, encountered in patients with minor clinical disturbances and slightly modified waking electroencephalographic patterns is suggestive of a cerebral involvement stage onset. The second one, observed in patients with vigilance disturbances, behavioral and motor impairment, and highly abnormal EEG tracing is indicative of a more severe encephalitis stage. The third one, obvious in patients with EEG sharp waves organized in a more or less recurring fashion and accompanied by epileptic seizures is consistent with an acute cerebromeningitis.
Adolescent↗
[Care patterns and resumption of social and occupational activities after exeresis surgery in Crohn's disease. Study of 58 patients].
The aim of this retrospective study was to describe care patterns and conditions surrounding the resumption of social and work activities after intestinal resection for Crohn's disease. Fifty-eight patients were evaluated regarding their stay in the department of surgery, use of care and resumption of social and work activities within the first year after intestinal resection. Data were obtained from medical records and answers to a medical questionnaire. Forty patients replied to the questionnaire. Mean length of stay in the department of surgery was 16 +/- 9 days. Length of stay was positively correlated to non-elective surgery, colonic resection, presence of fistulae or abscesses, and to the creation of a stoma. Main interval between surgery and resumption of work was 11 +/- 8 weeks. Only one patient was unable to return to work because of the disease. Seventy per cent of the patients who went back to work said that their quality of life was improved after surgery in comparison with their preoperative status. In conclusion, this study suggests that most of the patients undergoing intestinal resection for Crohn's disease can go back to work without particular difficulties, and consider that their quality of life has been improved by surgery.
Adolescent↗
[Uniform processing of sensory-motor information and match/mismatch process impairment in man caused by chronic palm alcohol consumption].
The late components of the event-related potential (ERP) were recorded during a Go/No-Go task from 21 alcoholics (with chronic palm alcohol intoxication) divided in 3 groups of seven (abstinent alcoholics men, abstinent alcoholic women, and alcoholic men) and 14 normal adult volunteers divided into 2 groups (control men, and control women). The subjects were submitted to paired auditory stimuli and were assigned to detect and respond by pressing a push button to a rarely occurring imperative stimulus (20%). Latency of the late components of the ERP elicited both by target and standard imperative stimuli was significantly delayed in three alcoholic groups compared to the controls. The amplitude of P200 and P300 components was also decreased in alcoholics, which displayed the same middle line scalp distribution of P300 amplitudes regardless of the imperative stimulus class: target or standard. These findings agree with the supposition that match/mismatch processes are impaired in subjects with chronic palm alcohol intoxication, and that they have difficulties in evaluating the significance of stimuli.
Adult↗
Effects of an acute dose of palm alcohol on normal brain functioning: an auditory, event-related-potential study.
The effects of an acute and high dose of palm alcohol (900 mg/kg bodyweight) on brain functioning were investigated in 10 healthy, non-alcoholic men. Each was given randomly-interspaced, paired, frequent standard (80%) and rare target auditory stimuli and asked to detect and signal the target tone by pressing a push button. These brain function tests were carried out before (control) and 1 and 4 h after the subjects began drinking the alcohol. During each experimental session, late, event-related-potential (ERP) components were recorded at the central midline scalp location (Cz). At both times after alcoholization, contingent negative variations and late auditory ERP were lower than those recorded during the control session. Maximal amplitude reduction for N1 and P3 waves was seen 240 min after ingesting alcohol. Reaction times were not significantly longer than those recorded pre-alcoholization but performances were lower at both times post-alcoholization. The results are consistent with the ERP changes reported in subjects under acute ethanol intoxication but they are more pronounced and probably reflect a momentary disruption of central processes rather than sensory impairment at the peripheral level.
Adult↗
Event-related potentials in humans as indices of access to stored information during sleep.
The even-related potentials are good indices of brain functions during sleep stages. The contingent negative variation (CNV), occurring in the interval between a conditional and a target stimulus, reflects information processing. The emitted potential which occurs when an expected stimulus is omitted reflects the access to a specific memory. During waking, deep slow wave sleep (stage 4) and paradoxical sleep seven subjects were submitted to a CNV paradigm, the target stimulus of which was occasionally omitted. The endogenous components of the evoked potentials induced at Fz, Cz and Pz locations by the auditory stimuli were analysed during the three behavioral stages. During stage 4 they were of largest amplitude and longest latency. These results are discussed in terms of neural excitability. CNV and emitted potentials were observed during waking and paradoxical sleep, but not during stage 4. These results suggest that information processing occurs during paradoxical sleep with access to waking memories during this stage of sleep, whereas information processing is absent during stage 4.
Adult↗
Brain reactivity and event--related potentials (ERPs) in patients with sleeping sickness.
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Animals↗
Waking electroencephalograms in the blood-lymph and encephalitic stages of gambian trypanosomiasis.
Waking electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded from 48 patients infected with Trypanosoma gambiense. The EEG of the 10 patients with blood-lymph involvement were indistinguishable from those of healthy controls but recordings from the 38 patients with the encephalitic phase of the disease showed three unusual profiles. One profile type, apparently indicative of early cerebral impairment, had a sustained low-voltage background similar to that seen during light sleep. A second profile type, seen in cases with acute cerebral involvement but without focal seizures, showed paroxystic waves. The third unusual EEG pattern was of various types of delta wave (similar to those seen in demyelinating encephalitis) and rapid, intermittent high-voltage delta bursts between periods of lower-voltage delta activity (as often seen in meningo-encephalitis); all types of delta wave were of higher voltage than the spike and wave complexes. Although no definite correlation has been established between the severity of the disease, the results of clinical tests, and waking EEG patterns, it appears that the three types of EEG profile are indicative of the degree of cerebral involvement.
Electroencephalography↗
[Electroencephalographic study of trypanosomes in meningoencephalitic stage of human African trypanosomiasis from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense before and after treatment with DL-alphadifluoromethyl- ornithine hydrochloride monohydrate (DFMO)].
The aim of the study was to assess effects of DFMO (an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis) on waking electroencephalogram (EEG) of 25 patients at meningoencephalitic stage of human african gambiense trypanosomiasis (HAT), six of whom having been previously treated with and considered refractory to Melarsoprol. DFMO was administered intravenously at dose of 400 mg/kg/day for 14 days, followed by oral treatment at dose of 300 mg/kg/day for 21 days. EEG data were performed before, then 15 days after the end of the therapy. Initially tracings presented diversified abnormalities which have been classified into four groups: intermittent delta waves/generalised delta waves/low voltage background/paroxistic activities. Control recordings showed an improvement, but as for Melarsoprol tracings not returned completely to normal patterns. In most of the patients therapy was associated with clinical disorders improvement and in all but one with disappearance of trypanosomes. Marked amelioration in recordings of the patient who presented trypanosomes in LCR samples, suggest he was responsive to the treatment and perhaps therapy did necessitate continuation? The use of EEG investigation during treatments as a supervision way of patients with trypanosomiasis is discussed.
Adolescent↗
[Electroencephalographic study of meningoencephalitis from Trypanosoma gambiense before and after treatment with melarsoprol].
The purpose of the study was to assess the long-term effects of melarsoprol on awakening electroencephalogram (EEG) in 18 patients at the meningo-encephalic stage of human African gambiense trypanosomiasis. Electroencephalographic data were taken prior to then 1 and 3 months after therapy. Before treatment EEG tracings showed important abnormalities (delta bursts organized in a more or less periodic fashion); 1 and 3 months after treatment a clear improvement was observed in 10 patients; however, it was unusual that the EEG completely returned to the normal pattern and a case of relapse was noted 3 months after the end of therapy. As indicated by persistence of the EEG abnormalities, several patients were unresponsive and one of them reacted negatively to melarsoprol. The use of regular EEG investigations as a means of long-term supervision of patients with trypanosomiasis is discussed.
Adolescent↗
Auditory event-related potentials and reaction times during simple sensorymotor tasks in subjects with sickle cell disease and related hemoglobinopathies.
40 subjects of both sexes assigned to five groups of 8: healthy students, homozygous sicklemics, hemoglobin SC sicklemics, sickle cell Bo thalassemics, and sickle cell B+ thalassemics were subjected to 1/simple auditory stimuli; 2/paired auditory stimuli. The subjects were asked to respond quickly, by pressing a push button on detection of the simple stimulus or the unconditional stimulus of paired stimuli. A subsequent increase in reaction times and a reduction in event-related potential component amplitudes were obvious in major (SS and SC) sicklemics compared to controls and sickle cell B thalassemics. Between simple and paired auditory conditions, reaction times were more increased in sicklemics than in controls. These findings suggest that impairment of attentiveness, performance and cognitive capability in sicklemics is a function of sickle cell anemia severity.
Adolescent↗
Effects of Mel B arsobal and alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the awakening electroencephalogram of humans with gambiense trypanosomiasis disease: preliminary report.
Five males and three females, at the encephalic stage of sleeping sickness, were submitted to trypanocide therapies. Three of the patients were treated with the Mel B Arsobal drug, the five others with difluoromethylornithine, using different protocols. Awakening electroencephalographic data were obtained prior to treatment and, at regular intervals, during and after treatment. Prior to treatment the awakening tracings showed important abnormalities (slow delta waves were superimposed on theta background rhythms). During treatment (except in one patient treated with Arsobal) recordings returned gradually to fast rhythms and several days after therapy, tracings returned to the normal awakening patterns. The use of the awakening electroencephalogram as a tool to test effects of curative drugs in the sleeping sickness syndrome is discussed.
Adolescent↗
Information processing to rare and frequent warning stimuli in a C.N.V. paradigm.
Seven normal young men were submitted to standard and target paired auditory stimuli. The warning stimulus of paired tones informed subjects whether or not the impending unconditional stimulus implied a motor response. Subjects were instructed to execute the motor response at less one second after the unconditional stimulus occurrence, and were informed that the standard warning stimulus was always followed by an additional stimulus which confirmed its detection. Components of target warning and imperative stimuli responses presented a significant increase in amplitude with regard to evoked potential components elicited by standard warning and unconditional tones. P3 waves observed in response to standard warning and unconditional stimuli culminated over fronto-central cortex, while P3 of target warning and imperative tone responses peaked over centro-parietal cortex. These results suggest that manipulating warning stimulus significance by assigning to it a discriminative function, can modify processing of the information carried out by paired stimuli.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
[Apple II E microcomputer analysis of potentials related to an event: preliminary applications in West Africa].
An Apple II E micro computer program developed for clinical studies of event. Related potentials is described in this report. The capacities, limits, future developments and uses for clinical investigations in west Africa of this computer system are discussed.
Africa, Western↗
[Cortical reactivity during reaction time tests in sprinters].
Thirty-two male subjects divided into 4 groups (of 8--controls, witnesses, students in physical and athletic education (PAE) and sprinters--were submitted to 1) simple auditory stimuli, 2) paired auditory stimuli, and 3) simple and paired auditory stimuli. The subjects, except the control group, have been assigned the task of quickly responding by pressing a button, accordingly the detection of the simple stimulus, of the imperative stimulus when the stimuli are paired, or the simple and imperative stimuli when they are randomly matched. The results show that the amplitude of the event-related potential components and of the CNV is significantly more important in sprinters and PEA students than in other groups. The differences indicate a greater adaptative reactivity of attentional mechanisms in athletes. In all the groups, the variations in the event-related potentials and of the CNV, as well as the variations of RT between conditions 1 and 2, indicate that the effects of activation and preparation differ depending on whether or not the signal for execution of the motor response is preceded by a preparatory signal. The decrease in event-related potentials and CNV amplitude and the elongation of RT in divided attention condition suggest that when subjects have to distinguish, at the same time, simple and paired auditory stimuli, interferences are induced. The attention is disturbed performance are impaired. Sprinters are less susceptible to interferences than control persons, their performances remaining significantly better.
Adult↗
Influence of instructions in multi-discrimination experiments on event related potentials.
The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of psychological factors on slow brain potentials in relation to information processing and strategy establishment. Subjects were subjected to paired stimuli: A) two identical tone bursts (50 ms, 5000 Hz); B) two different stimuli the second (unconditioned) was a low pitched tone burst (50 ms, 500 Hz); C) only the warning stimulus was delivered to the subjects. In a first experiment, subjects (N = 10) were asked to detect and signal by a motor act the low pitched click (B); in a second experiment, subjects (N = 8) were to detect and signal in the same way the unconditioned tone burst omission (C). Results showed that the auditory event-related potentials (ERP) obtained in the two experiments presented two components: a negative wave (N150) followed by a positive one (P270). Solely, the late positive component differed in topography during the two situations. A fronto-central Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) appeared in all the conditions for the two experiments while a Post Imperative Negative Variation was often obvious in the first experiment.
Adult↗
Motor skill acquisition influences brain responsiveness in sprinters.
Contingent negative variation (CNV) and reaction time were examined in four groups of eight young adult men: controls, witnesses, students in physical and athletic education, and sprinters. Subjects, except the control group, were asked to detect and respond quickly by pressing a button in the following experimental conditions: 1) simple auditory stimuli, 2) paired auditory stimuli, 3) mixed simple and paired auditory stimuli.- A higher CNV voltage and lower reaction time and reaction time variability were obvious in students in physical and athletic education and sprinters, compared to controls and witnesses. In all the groups CNV amplitude declined in the third condition, reaction time and reaction time variability augmented from condition 1 to condition 3. These results show that relationships couple attentiveness and motor activation processes. The motor activation differed for simple starter and presignalled starter conditions (conditions 1 and 2). An increase of discrimination difficulty diminished the performance.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Relation between warning stimuli and contingent negative variation in man.
Seven right handed male students were submitted to standard and target paired auditory stimuli to determine the relationship between contingent negative variation (CNV) and the slow negative waves following non paired stimuli. The warning stimuli informed subjects whether or not the impending unconditional stimulus implied a motor response. Subjects were instructed to execute the motor task at less than one second after unconditional stimulus. They were informed that the standard warning stimulus would be followed by an additional stimulus which confirmed its detection. Recordings of standard warning stimulus condition showed a subsequent increase in CNV amplitude. This significant increase appeared to be related to an enhancement in the subject's expectation towards the additional stimulus. The lowered CNV voltage in target condition seemed to be linked to the instructions, which involved a motor preparation after the imperative stimuli occurrence. It is suggested that the CNV may represent not only a general anticipatory but also an orienting process related to the signal value of the warning stimulus.
Acoustic Stimulation↗