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Biomedical subjects

J F Hecker

Publications and source records attributed to J F Hecker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of glyceryl trinitrate and ice on dilation of hand veins.

Application of glyceryl trinitrate to a finger produced significant dilation of superficial hand veins. Gently rubbing ice over these veins for one minute slightly reduced this dilation, whereas rubbing ice over veins without glyceryl trinitrate caused significant venoconstriction. These results indicate that application of glyceryl trinitrate followed by local cooling may provide a simple and painless means of assisting venepuncture.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Local changes in venous tone due to bolus injections.

Solutions were infused at a constant rate into ear veins of anaesthetized sheep and changes in venous tone were measured from changes in pressures in the infusion line when boluses of drugs and solutions were given. Approximately one in six veins was unresponsive. These appeared to be larger veins and the lack of response was probably due to greater blood flow causing appreciable dilution of the test solutions with blood. Most veins gave a transient venoconstriction to boluses of saline which had been made acid or alkaline and also to boluses of drugs such as aminophylline, calcium chloride, noradrenaline, metoclopramide, pentobarbitone, ethanol and thiopentone. Transient venoconstriction was usually repeatable and in proportion to the amount of solution or drug given, but sometimes the magnitude of the response changed unpredictably. Papaverine and nicotinamide usually reduced tone.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Failure of intravenous infusions in neonates.

The median life expectancy (survival) of 286 peripheral intravenous infusion sites in 105 babies in a children's intensive care unit was 36 h. Unadjusted univariate survival analysis revealed that dextrose infusions and the initial infusions received by a baby had longer survival than total parenteral nutrition (TPN) infusions and later infusions respectively. Also infusions with cloxacillin and penicillin survived for longer than average while infusions with phenytoin had reduced survival. Gestational age, weight, infusion site, other drugs, co-infusion of Intralipid with TPN solutions and neutralization of TPN did not influence survival of infusions. Multivariate survival analysis confirmed the findings for TPN and penicillin but not for cloxacillin, phenytoin or later infusions. Multivariate analysis also suggested that survival was improved with ampicillin and aminophylline and worse for leg sites, for older babies and for infusions in which the fluids were given at greater rates. It also indicated that neutralization of TPN improved survival.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Survival of intravenous chemotherapy infusion sites.

Factors associated with the failure of intravenous infusions due to phlebitis and extravasation were studied with 218 infusions delivering cytotoxic drugs. The survival rate of these infusions was not significantly different from that of 56 non-cytotoxic infusions in oncology patients. Although survival analysis indicated that cisplatin was associated with longer survival, this was probably an artifact caused by this drug usually being preceded by 24 h prehydration. Multivariate analysis indicated that etoposide was the only drug associated with decreased infusion survival and that bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ifosphamide, methotrexate, treosulphan and 5-fluorouracil had no significant effects. Also age of patient, infusion site and flow rate had no effects but survival was shorter in women. Follow-up indicated that failure of an infusion tended to result in loss of the vein. It is suggested that irritancy of the large volumes of intravenous fluids given to hydrate these patients rather than the cytotoxic drugs was the main factor reducing the survival of these infusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Failure of intravenous infusions from extravasation and phlebitis.

A survey was done to compare the rates at which phlebitis and extravasation cause failure of intravenous infusions lasting more than 24 hours. Slightly more infusions failed due to phlebitis than to extravasation but extravasation did not occur earlier or later than phlebitis or differ significantly from it in frequency when different types of infusions were compared. Univariate life table analysis indicated that the co-infusion of blood, potassium or cephalosporin antibiotics slightly increased and that higher flow rates markedly increased failure, that infusions including continuous heparin and steroids had markedly decreased failure, and that failure was not significantly affected by other antibiotics or by differences in sex, age, location of infusion site or time of year. Multivariate analysis showed that the above differences were statistically significant only for infusion rate, heparin and steroids.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Use of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to reduce failure of intravenous infusion due to phlebitis and extravasation.

Self-adhesive patches which release glyceryl trinitrate at a slow continuous rate or placebo patches were applied to the skin of patients distal to intravenous infusion sites in a double-blind manner. The frequency of infusion failure was three times lower with the glyceryl trinitrate than with placebo patches. The decrease was of similar magnitude whether failure was due to extravasation or phlebitis. Headaches were more common in patients with active patches but were relieved by simple analgesics.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Roughness and thrombogenicity of the outer surfaces of intravascular catheters.

Thirty-seven types of catheters made from plastics including silicone rubber, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, and polyurethane were tested for thrombogenesis in the cephalic vein of sheep. The range in the mass of thrombus on the catheters at autopsy 9 days after insertion was 20-fold. There was considerable variation when catheters made from the same types of plastic were compared, but polyethylene catheters tended to be more thrombogenic than other types. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a variety of surfaces ranging from very smooth to very rough. Roughness was frequently associated with the presence of radioopaque particles which in several catheters were concentrated into radio-opaque tracer strips. Within types of plastics, catheters with rougher surfaces were usually more thrombogenic than those with smooth surfaces.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Infusion thrombophlebitis.

Infusion thrombophlebitis is a common complication of i.v. infusions. Many factors appear to be involved in its aetiology, of which the duration of infusion, the drugs infused and the solution(s) infused are the most important. Effective prophylaxis should be based on an understanding of the possible pathophysiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phlebitis and extravasation ("tissuing") with intravenous infusions.

It is suggested that failure of infusions because of phlebitis or extravasation usually results from irritation of the endothelium by the infusate, inducing venoconstriction. If such venoconstriction prevents flow, then pressure which builds up in the vein will enlarge the hole in its wall made by the needle or cannula and so allow extravasation of fluid. Alternatively, partial constriction will cause the endothelium to be perfused with undiluted infusate, and this will aggravate the irritation and lead to phlebitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of roughness on the thrombogenicity of a plastic.

Tubings extruded from one batch of polyvinylchloride resin at five temperatures ranging from 110 to 205 degrees C were tested for thrombogenicity in the saphenous vein and aorta of sheep. There was more thrombus in both the vein and aorta on tubings extruded at lower temperatures. The surface areas of renal infarction were smaller when lower temperature tubings were inserted into the aorta. Scanning electron microscopy showed that lower extrusion temperatures caused greater roughness on the tubings. This greater roughness was confirmed by roughness measurements. It is suggested that the association which has been demonstrated between roughness and thrombus formation might be due to the degree of adhesion of the thrombus to the surface rather than to differences in thrombogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Thrombogenicity of tips of umbilical catheters.

In an experiment in which several types of umbilical artery catheters were inserted into the aortas of newborn lambs, several catheters had discrete thrombi located at the tip. There appeared to be a difference between types of catheters in the proportion with thrombi at the tip. Scanning electron micrographs of catheter tips showed that several types had rough tips. It is suggested that a rough tip would promote the formation of thrombus at a location where it could be dislodged by flushing of the catheter. The problems that have been reported with umbilical artery catheters may have been caused by thrombus at the tip rather than on the shaft of these catheters.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Thrombus formation on cannulae.

Seven types of cannulae were inserted into the cephalic vein of sheep which were killed after 1, 3 or 9 days so that the mass of thrombus associated with each cannula could be measured. Statistical analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant difference of greater than 2-fold between types of cannulae in the amount of thrombus. Differences between the 3 periods were not significant.

Animals↗